Volcanoes of Russia in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. Volcanoes of the Kuril Islands Volcanic Islands Curils on the map

Chip is a valid volcano located on the island of ITUURUP, the peninsula of the Chip Curil Ridge, in the north of the dugorbic ridge. In the south of him, in 4 kilometers there is a volcano Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

This is a holocenestone toll, folded by basalts and Andesites. Its height reaches 1,589 meters.

Western chirip slopes are swearing and cool, the height of their plumbs is 500 - 600 meters. In the eastern part of his slopes, more gentle and overgrown with a fan. At the top there is a crater with a fresh lake.

To date, thermal and fumeric activity is seen on the volcano. The Chip refers to the category of active volcanoes, as the outputs of thermal waters and emissions of gases were recorded on it.

Coordinates: 45.37722200,147.91222200

Volcano Kunthtomintar

Kunthtomintar is one of existing volcanoes On the island of Shiashkoltan, located in the Big Kuril Ridge, the Sakhalin region in Russia. Cuntomyntar is a complex stratov toll, located in the caldera. Its height is 828 meters. The volcano is located in the central region of Nikonov Peninsula.

In 1927, the last thing happened, so far, Kunthtomintar eruption. The eruption in 1872, during which from the face of the earth was erased by the village of Ainov, attributed to him erroneously. In fact, the eruption occurred at the neighboring Sinarka volcano. For the first time, this approved the Soviet scientist Georgy Gorshkov, who said that the village of Ainov was actually in the northern part of Shiashkoltan.

On the this moment The volcano is fixed thermal and fumarol activity.

Coordinates: 48.75828200,154.01423000

Vulcan Uratman

Uratman is a long time to extinct stratovolika, located in the northern part of the Island of Simushir, in a large ridge of the islands of the Kuril archipelago. Uratman is a volcano type SOMMA.

The bruoton bay is located not far from the volcano. With its top in the bay, the vegetation of taiga type grows, thickets of birch, cedar and alder stabering, evergreen Kuril bamboo. Among the animals at the foot of the volcano dwell foxes, sands, small rodents and some species of birds, such as cormorants, seagulls, deadlocks.

According to recent research results and independent estimates of experts, the last eruption on the Uratman occurred about three thousand years ago.

Coordinates: 47.12083300,152.24611100

Volcano Rasha

The racial is the current volcano at the moment, located on the island of the island of the Rasha, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kuril archipelago, the Sakhalin region of the Russian Federation.

The racial is complex, pronounced stratovolnik, located in Calder. Its height is 948 meters, and there are two cones in its crater. In the slopes of the volcano prevailing herbal vegetation, meadows, overgrown with Olhovenik and a dwarf-making birch.

It is also known and studied only one eruption of rally, in 1846. In 1957, fumarole activity was noted on its surface. At the moment, fumarol and thermal activity is fixed on the volcano.

Coordinates: 47.75805600,153.02472200

Trident volcano

The trident is a volcano located in the South Kuril district of Russia of the Sakhalin region. It is located on the island of Vrup Big Ridge Kuril Islands.

The height of the trident is 1.220 meters. Volcano is valid, but there is no information about the latest eruptions. Education has hot springs and solfaters.

The slopes of the volcano covers Olchovenik, thickets of the Kuril bamboo and cedar stabe. Foxes, small rodents are inhabited here, and eggplanes, seagulls and impasses nest.

To date, fumarol and thermal activity, gas emissions and thermal waters, was recorded on the trident in the volcano.

Coordinates: 46.11667300,150.20000300

Volcano head

On the island of Kunashir is the operating volcano of the head. It is the most southern volcanic of the Kuril Islands, its last eruption occurred in 1998.

The volcano is located in the caldera with a diameter of up to 4.7 kilometers, surrounded by a ridge with a height of 541 meters. At the bottom of the caldera there are 2 explosive crater with lakes boiling and hot and 4 volcanic dome.

The caldera beat hot keys, vapor-gas jets and mud boilers. In their chemical composition there are sulfur gases, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide. The chloride sulphate composition of hot springs and the lakes is determined by passing through the water gases dissolve. Constantly falls sulfur and its compounds with water metals - the surface of the lake boiling is coated with black sulphide-sulfur foam, the shores of the lakes covers the yellowish-black sand.

The volcano arose at the bottom of the sea, throwing out a large number of pempes. From this great cone rose, but because of the new eruptions and empties of the magmatic hearth, due to the collapse, on the place where volcanic mountain, there was a volcanic brand, which was filled with the water of the lake. Water came out of the caldera to the Okhotsk Sea, after which the extrusive dome ripen in the caldera. They grew and exploded. In one of these crater, a boiling lake appeared. All this happened hundreds and thousands of years ago.

Coordinates: 43.84443600,145.50631200

Vulcan Nemo

Nemo is a beautiful active volcano on the island of Onekotan, which is part of the Kuril Islands. Despite the biggest size of the volcano in 1018 meters, the volcano produces a strong impression on tourists.

The memorable name "Nemo" Volcano is given in honor of the Hero of the Roman Jules Verne. English Captain Henry Snow gave the name of the volcano, as well as other places of the island. "Julvernov" names have the Bay of Pagannel, Bike Blakiston and Caberleyne Cape.

In the area of \u200b\u200bVolcano Nemo, silence also reigns. it beautiful place For ecotourism. People do not live on the island in the area of \u200b\u200bVolcanana Nemo, but foxes dwell.

Coordinates: 49.66051700,154.80749100

Volcano Karpinsky

Karpinsky volcano is a valid volcano on the island of Paramushir of the Big Curil Ridge of the Sakhalin region. Located in the southern part of the Karpinsky Range. The height of the volcano is about 1345 meters. By age refers to the era of the upper playpiece - Golocene. Was named after Geology A.P. Karpinsky.

The volcano consists of two gentle cones with crater. Complicated byezit-bezalt and andesite rocks. Volcano eves in 1952. Nowadays, thermal and fumeric activity is observed. In the eastern part of the volcano, the exits of fountains of liquid sulfur and hot gases occur. The jet of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur gases - solfaters form sulfur cones, the height of which reaches 3-5 meters. The slopes of the volcano are raised by the footsteps left after the ancient glaciers.

Coordinates: 50.13003600,155.37001400

Volcano Krenitsyn

Volcano Klinitsyn - not just a valid volcano, located on the Kuril Island of Onejects on Sakhalin. This is the largest volcano in the world with a height of 1324 meters. Its size five times the Eiffel Tower and almost twice the highest skyscraper of Burj Khalifa. Therefore, the volcano is worthy of attention of even the most sophisticated travelers. The stunning nature of the rolled lake volcano surrounding the volcano and the purest air around makes the journey to the Kuril Island of onjectable health and makes an unforgettable impression of life.

Coordinates: 49.42526700,154.69762800

Volcano Raikoke

Raikok is active, at the moment, volcano, located on the island of the same name, in the northern part of the large ridge of the Kuril Islands, the Sakhalin region of the Russian Federation.

Raikok is a stratovancan, with a pronounced vertex crater. Its height is about 551 meters. The main breed from which the volcano is complicated is basal. The volcanic crater reaches about 700 meters in diameter, and its depth places is 200 meters.

The most famous and studied local eruptions were recorded in 1760, 1778 and 1924. At the moment, the volcano shows thermal and fumaroid activity.

Coordinates: 48.29305600,153.25000000

Volcano Fussa

Fussal volcano is located in the Sakhalin region, on the island of Paramushir, belonging to the Big Curil Ridge. Forms the Fuss Peninsula southwest coast Islands. Named in honor of Mathematics N.I. Fuss. It is a stratululkan with a crater on top. The height of the volcano is 1772 meters. Age of about 40-50 thousand years.

The volcano is complicated by such volcanic rocks as Andesites, is the correct cone a truncated form. The diameter of the crater is about 700 meters, the depth is about 300 meters.

The last strong eruption of the volcano occurred in 1854. Nowadays, there is fumurol activity.

Coordinates: 50.26836600,155.24166500

Volcano Kudryavy

Curly - this is a valid volcano located on the island of ITUUP Large Ridge of the Kuril Islands. It is located in the north of the island, in the center of the Bear Ridge, two kilometers of the south-west of the Mountain of the Medvedea.

This is a sophisticated stratovancan, folded by duppie-shot andesitis and has several crater. Its height reaches 986 meters.

The dome of the volcano, with a height of 350 meters, resembles an equifiable triangle in its form. His southwest slope is cool enough, and northeast is almost gentle. At the top there are 2 crater with solfaters. Their bottom is uneven and dissected by jumpers due to the fact that the Japanese mined in them sulfur. Southwest crater has fumaroles. Both crater shares a distance of 450 meters.

In 1779 and 1883, eruptions occurred from the volcano, and in 1946 and 1999, Freatic explosions. To date, fumarol activity is seen on curly.

In 1992, the Rhenium deposit was found on the volcano. It is represented by a fumarole field, which constantly acts the sources of high-temperature depth fluids. This means that the deposit is still formed.

Coordinates: 45.38388900,148.81305600

Volcano Smirnova

Smirnova volcano is an underwater volcano of a large ridge of the Kuril Islands, located on the island of Kunashir, 12 kilometers to the north-west of Maca Maca Island. He was named after S. S. Smirnova - a famous Russian geologist and academician. The height of its vertices is 1,189 meters.

The composition of this volcano includes stratovolkan Ruuru and Stratovolika Smirnova. Ruuru is considered the main thing due to the fact that it is higher.

The southern part of the volcano is blocked by volcanic and volcanogenic sediments. The northern foot is overlapped with sediment sediments with a thickness of at least 1,000 meters. At a depth of 950 meters there is a flat top of the volcano, it is blocked by horizontally layered precipitation with a thickness of 100 - 150 meters.

Coordinates: 44.41972200,146.13472200

Black volcano

Black volcano is a valid stratov toll, located on the island of Chirp, in the middle of a large ridge of the islands of the Kuril archipelago.

Stratovolcan black has a peak crater, its height is 624 meters. It is located in the central part of the island.

The latest fixed eruptions took place on the volcano in 1712 and 1857. At the moment, strong thermal and fumeric activity is recorded on the volcano directly in the crater and on the western slope.

The volcano is named in honor of the Russian centurion of Ivan Black, who described the islands of the Black Brothers Group in 1770.

Flora and fauna here is pretty scarce and is represented mainly by grassy vegetation, pyro stabulos and nesting birds, dead end and eggplanes.

Coordinates: 46.52194400,150.86638900

Volcano Snow

The volcano Snow is a valid volcano located on the island of Chirpay, one of the islands of the Black Brothers Group, in the middle of a large ridge of the islands of the Kuril archipelago.

Snow is a gentle stratulkan, its height is 395 meters, it is in the southern part of the island.

In history, only four eruptions of this volcano were recorded, in 1811, 1879, 1960 and 1982. At the moment, its activity is quite quickly fading, and weak thermal and fumeric activity is fixed in the craters and on the slopes.

Volcano is named after the English, famous industrialist G. J. Snow.

Flora and the fauna of the volcano are quite scarce, and is mainly represented by the thickets of the cedar squabble, as well as the birds, seagulls and impasses nesting here.

Coordinates: 46.51083300,150.86861100

Volcano Ushishira

Ushishira is a valid volcano located on the Yankeich Island, which is part of the Ushishir Islands group and the Kuril archipelago's ridge.

The caldera of the volcano has a diameter of about 1.5 kilometers, and its maximum height is 388 meters. The volcano formed about 9400 years ago, later he was flooded with a southern wall, which was filled with water, and was named with a crater bay. In the center of the bay are two small dome consisting of Andesitica Lava. The remaining two more ancient domes are connected by shallow with the southern wall of the volcanic caldera.

The last fixed eruption of the ushishira took place in 1884. At the beginning of the XXI century, strong thermal and fumeric activity is fixed here.

Coordinates: 47.51222200,152.81444400

Ecarma Volcano

Ekarma is a big acting volcano on the island of the same name in the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. Ekarma volcanic height - 1170 meters. Volcano was last eves back in 1980, but its thermal activity is still fixed.

Ekarma Volcano is a stratov toll with a central extrusion dome. Volcano occupies most of the territory of all uninhabited island Ekarma. A little tourists come here, and you have a wonderful chance, visiting Ekarma Island, make the best photos alone with nature.

Coordinates: 49.06306900,153.95605100

The volcano smaller brother

A smaller brother is a volcano located in the Sakhalin region, on the island of the Big Ridge of the Kuril Islands. It is located in the northeast of the island, in the West of the Bear Ridge, two kilometers west of the volcano curly.

This is a valid volcano with an extrusion dome with three crater. Its height reaches 562 meters, diameter - 600 - 700 meters. Little brother has a kind of slag cone, which merges the base with the Curly Volcano cone. Its width increases to 1,300 meters due to the fact that the volcano is surrounded by a powerful bracket mantle. At the top there are two crater, which are separated from each other with a distance of 500 meters. The North-West Crater is very destroyed, and the southeast is a closed circuit and a diameter of 70 meters.

The dome of the formation is covered with three relatively fresh lavva flows. To date, thermal activity is seen on the volcano.

Coordinates: 45.38361100,148.78333300

Volcano Ruru

Ruuru's volcano is located on the island of Kunashir, it is valid and refers to a large Kuril ridge. It is a complex stratovancan, whose height reaches 1,485 meters.

The volcanic crater is open to the north, it is the northern end of the linear-bus volcanoes of the Docoyev Ridge. About historical eruptions No information is missing, but in Western slopes rursing at an altitude of 150-350 meters above sea level, fumurol activity is seen, in the coastal part - hydrothermal activity.

This volcano also includes a Smirny stratoman, but Rurau is considered the main thing, since its height is greater.

Coordinates: 44.45416700,146.13944400

Volcano Ebeko

Ebeko volcano is located in the north of Paramushir Island in the Sakhalin region. The height of the volcano is 1156 meters. Volcano has three crater, which are located thermal sourcesHot lakes and solfaters. Folded from such rocks as basalts and Andesites. It is a valid volcano, one of the most active in smoke. Evolcan eruption ebeko occurred repeatedly.

Volcanic eruptions are fixed from 1793. The last activity of the volcano was marked in February 2013, then he threw the gas cloud to a height of about 200 meters. During the eruptions, the main danger represents pairs of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide, ash emissions, volcanic mud streams. Multiple volcanic side craters are thermal and fumaroid activity centers

According to the studies conducted in the 1950s - 1960s, groundwater from volcanic rocks such as aluminum, iron and manganese from volcanic rocks. Numerous streams connect to the river flow across the slopes of the volcano. On a day, the river brings about 65 tons of aluminum dissolved in the water and about 35 tons of iron to the Okhotsk Sea.

Coordinates: 50.68614500,156.01388400

Volcano Tatarinov

Tatarinov volcano, located in the Sakhalin region, on the island of Paramushir, belonging to the Kuril Ridge, was named after Mikhail Tatarin's second major. The volcano is located in the northern part of the Karpinsky Range, in the north merges with Canechachk volcano, from the south side - with Lomonosov volcano. Volcano is located in the northern part of the Karpinsky Range. It is a valid stratululkan.

The age of the volcano belongs to the era of the upper pylistocene-holocene. The height of the Tatarinov volcano is 1530 meters. It is a combination of cones connected to each other. The volcano has side crater, several vertices. The last eruption of Tatarinov Volcanic dates back to the XVII century. Nowadays, there is thermal activity.

In the Kuril Islands there are 21-acting volcano, of which five stand out by their more active activities, to the most active volcanoes of the Kuril Ridge, they include Alaid, Peak Sarychev, Fuss, Snow and Milna.

Among the current volcanoes of the Kuril Islands the most active volcano is Alaid. He is the highest among all volcanoes of this ridge. A beautiful cone-shaped mountain it rises directly from the surface of the sea to a height of 2,339 m. At the top of the volcano there is a small catch, in the middle of which the central cone rises.

The eruption occurred in 1770, 1789, 1790, 1793, 1828, 1829, 1843 and 1858, that is, eight eruptions over the past 180 years.

In addition, near the northeastern shores of Alaid occurred in 1932, the underwater eruption occurred, and in December 1933 and in January 1934 there were eruptions 2 km from the eastern shore. As a result of the last eruption, a volcanic island with a wide crater, named Takeni, was formed. He is a side cone of the Alaid volcano, taking into account all these eruptions, it can be said that in the last 180 years, at least 10 eruptions have occurred from the volcanic focus of Alaid.

In 1936, spit was formed between Tetomi and Alaid volcanoes, which in their connected. Lava and loose volcanic products of Alaid and Taketi belong to basalt.

Sarychev's peak stands on the intensity of volcanic activity in second place and is a stratov toll, located on the Matuy Island. It has the form of a double-headed cone with a gentle slope at the bottom and coolest - up to 45 °, at the top.

At a higher (1,497 m) vertex is a cratera with a diameter of about 250 m and a depth of about 100-10 m. Near the crater on the outside of the cone a lot of cracks, of which have highlighted (August and September 1946) White pairs and gases.

From the south side, the chip ring is surrounded by Sarychev's peak, which is likely to be the rest of the ridge of the initial volcano. Southeast of the volcano, seems to be small side cones.

Since the 60s of the XVIII century to the present, it occurred in 1767, about 1770, about 1780, in 1878-1879, 1928, 1930 and 1946. In addition, there are numerous data on its fumaroid activity. So in 1805, 1811, 1850, 1860. He "smoked." In 1924, underwhelming eruption occurred.

Thus, over the past 180 years, no less than seven eruptions occurred. They were accompanied by both explosive activities and the outpoures of basalt lava.

The last eruption occurred in November 1946. This monster was preceded by the revival of the activity of the neighboring volcano of the rush, located on the island of the same name, on November 4, he began to strict gases, and at night it was seen a glow, and from November 7, the increased selection of white gases from the crater of the Sarychev peak volcano was beginning.

On November 9, at 17 o'clock over his crater, a pole of gases and a black ashes, and in the evening a glow appeared, which was visible all night. During November 10, the ashes was thrown out of the volcano and the light, but frequent underground jackets took place and a loosening underground hum was heard, and occasionally - thunder-rolls.

On the night of November 11-16, a highly hot bomb was thrown into a height of up to 100 m, which, falling along the slopes of the volcano, were quite quickly cooler. From 22 hours 12 to 14 November, the eruption has reached the maximum voltage. At first, there was a huge glow above the crater, the height of the flight of volcanic bombs reached 200 m, the height of the gas-ash pillar is 7000 m above the crater. Especially deafening explosions occurred on the night from the 12th to the 13th and morning on November 13. On November 13, the outpouring of lava began, and side crater was formed on the slope.

The eruption was especially beautiful and spectacular at night and 14 November. Fiery languages \u200b\u200bdescended from the crater down the slope. The entire top of the volcano is 500 meters down from the crater seemed hot spot from a large number of ejected bombs, debris and sand. From morning on November 13 to 14 hours on November 14, the eruption was accompanied by of various types Lightning, which almost every minute sparkled in different directions.

The fuss peak volcano is located on the island of Paramushir and is a separately standing beautiful gkonus, the Western slopes of which cool break into the Okhotsk Sea.

The Fuss Peak was erupted in 1737, 1742, 1793, 1854 and H859, and the last eruption, i.e., 1859, was accompanied by the release of suffocable gases.

Snow Volcano is a small low domed volcano, about 400 m high, located on Chirp Island (Black Brothers Islands). On its vertex (there is a crater about 300 m in diameter. In the northern part of the Crater's bottom there is a deepening in the form of a well, a diameter of about 150 m. Numerous lava flows were poured mainly to the south of the crater. Apparently, it belongs to the thyroid volcanoes. Indication without an accurate date on the eruption of this volcano in the XVIII century. In addition, volcano Snow eves in 1854, 1857, 1859 and 1879. Milne volcano is located on the island of Simushir, is a double-headed volcano with an internal cone height of 1,526 m and bordering from the west parts of the ridge - the remnants of the destroyed more ancient volcano, 1,489 m high. On the slopes are visible by lava flows, which are issued in places in the sea in the form of huge lava fields.

On the slopes there are several side cones, of which one, which is the name "burning snow", acts along with the main cone and, thus, is as it were for an independent volcano.
There are information related to the XVIII century about volcanic activities of the Milna volcanic activity. For more accurate information, it was eruption occurred in 1849, 1881 and 1914. Some of them, in all likelihood, belong only to the eruptions of the burning hill.

Less active volcanoes include Vrangin Volcanoes, Sinarka, Raikok and Bear.

Volcanoes of the Kuril Islands

Volcanic activity is observed exclusively in a large Kuril ridge, the islands of which mainly have volcanic origin and only the most northern and most southern-sorts of sedimentary rocks of non -ogenic age. These breeds serve here the foundation on which volcanic structures arose.

Curlean islands volcanoes are confined to deep faults in the earth's crust that is a continuation of the breakdowns of Kamchatka. Together with the latter, they form one volcanic and tectonic smoke-Kamchatka arc, convex to the side Pacific Ocean. In the Kuril Islands there are 25 active volcanoes (of which 4 underwater), 13 attenuating and more than 60 extinct. Volcanoes of the Kuril Islands studied very little. Of them are highlighted by the increased activity of the Volcanoes Alaid, Peak Sarychev FUSS, SOWA and Milia. Alaid volcano is on the first North Island (about. Atlasov) and from all the Kuril volcanoes are most active. It is the highest (2239 m) and beautifully rises in the form of a correct cone directly from the surface of the sea. On the top of the cone in a small depression there is a central crater of the volcano. Po character eruptions Volcano Alaid refers to ethno-Vesuviana. The last 180 years are known eight eruptions of this volcano and two eruptions of IV by-cone Takeni formed during. Alaid eruptions In 1934, volcanic activities in the Kuril Islands are accompanied by numerous hot springs with a temperature of from 36 to 100 C. Sources are diverse in the form of manifestation and salt composition and even less studied than volcanoes.

Underwater volcanic group "Paramushir"

Within the limits of this volcanic group, underwater volcano Grigorieva, underwater volcano, located to the west of Oh, were studied. Paramushir and underwater lava cones from about. Paramushir.

Underwater Vulcan Grigorieva. The Grigorieva's planted underwater volcano, named after an outstanding domestic geologist, is 5.5 km to the north-west of Fr. Atlasova (Alaid volcano) (Fig. 17).

It rises from the depths of 800-850 m, and its base has grown with the base of the volcano Alaid. Vulcan Grigoriev is located on the General Line of the North-North-West Direction of the location of the side cones of the volcano Alaid.

The size of the base of the volcano on the exhibition is 500 m 11.5 8.5 km, and the volume of construction is about 40 km 3. The steepness of the slopes reaches 10 o-15o.

The peak of the underwater volcano of Grigorieva is cut off by abrasion and is declineed to a level of 120-140 m (Fig. 18), which practically corresponds to the level of the sea in Late Pleistocene. In the southern part of the vertex, rocky protrusions, rising to the depth of 55 m. Apparently, these rocky protrusions are sweeping nek.

Judging by the records of continuous seismic profiling, the volcanic construction is composed, mainly dense volcanic rocks.

Intensive anomaly of the magnetic field is timed to the underwater volcano of the magnetic field with a scope of more than 1000 NTL (see Fig. 18). All rock protrusions marked in the southern part of a flat vertex are clearly fixed in a magnetic field of the presence of local anomalies. Volcanic building Magnetic in the direction of a modern magnetic field.

When the underwater volcano is precious, basalts were raised, varying in their composition from very low-grade to highly light differences. The residual magnetization of these basalts varies in the range of 7.3-28.5 cars, and the attitude of Königsberger is in the range of 8.4-26.5.

The data of the echo-dimmer, continuous seismic profiling, hydromagnetic shooting and measuring the magnetic properties of the precious samples suggest that the entire construction of the underwater volcano of Grigoriev is composed of dense basalts.

The presence of a dogotocene 120-140 meter terrace and the magnetization of the volcanic construction in the direction of a modern magnetic field allows you to estimate the age of formation of a volcano in the range of 700 - 10 thousand years ago.

Underwater volcano to the west of about. Paramushir. In 1989, in 34 and 35 flights of the NIS "Vulkanologist" in the rear part of the Kuril Arc, 80 km west of from about. Paramushir was discovered and examined in detail the unknown underwater volcano.

This underwater volcano is located at the intersection of the deflection of Atlasov with the continuation of the transverse structure of the 4th Kuril deflection. As well as the underwater volcanoes of Belankin and Edelstein, it is located far away in the rear of the Kuril Island Arc and removed from the Axis of the Kurilo-Kamchatsky gutter 280 km.

The volcano is located on a gentlel slope of the deflection, towering over the surrounding bottom of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk at 650-700 m (Fig. 19). The base of it is slightly stretched in the north-western direction and has dimensions of ~ 6.5 7 km. The top of the mountain is complicated by a number of peaks. Negative relief shape with an almost closed ring ishing the base of the volcano.

In the vicinity of the volcano in a sedimentary section there are no extended scattering horizons. Only at the very reason sometimes there is sometimes unintended "acoustically muddy" wedge, due to, apparently, the accumulation of debris material and landslide precipitation. The position in the context of this "acoustically muddy" wedge corresponds to the estimated time formation of a volcano, which, according to NSP, is 400-700 thousand years.

The features of the structure of the sedimentary cover indicate that the breakthrough of the magma to the bottom surface here was not accompanied by a large-scale process of accumulating the volcanogenic and sedimentary material, and most likely ended with the formation of one or series of volcanic extrudes. Most likely, the whole building is composed of volcanic rocks.

On the removal of 5-10 km from the volcano according to the NSP data, three small (apparently, magmatic) bodies that have not reached the bottom surface are isolated. The overlapping precipitates are crushed into anticline folds.

Anomalous field (T) A in the area of \u200b\u200bthe underwater volcano is characterized by positive values. Only in the north-western part of the research area, the negative fields of the field intensity up to -200 NTL are noted. The areas of positive and negative values \u200b\u200bof the magnetic field are separated by a linear zone of high gradients having a northwestern strike. The horizontal gradient of the field in this zone reaches 80-100 NTL / km. The positive anomaly of the magnetic field is timed directly to the volcanic building intensity to 400-500 NTL. Near the penetrating part of the construction, a local maximum intensity up to 700 NTLs is marked. The maximum of the anomaly is shifted to the south of the top of the volcano. The marked magmatic bodies that have not reached the bottom surface, in an anomalous magnetic field are not expressed by independent anomalies.

The observed picture of the anomalous magnetic field indicates the direct magnetization of the underwater volcanic construction.

Apparently, the age of the formation of a volcano is not an older than 700 thousand years, which is well consistent with NSP data.

When the perturbed part of the mountain was raised, mainly amphibole andesitis, with a subordinate number of pyroxen andesito-basalt and plagase. In small quantities there are fragments of granitoids, andesitic pums, slags, pebbles, sedimentary rocks, iron-manganese formations and bottom biota.

The data of the echo-meter industrial, NSP, HMS and geological testing suggest that the bulk of the volcanic construction is complexed by the eese-basalt composition.

Underwater lava cones from about. Paramushir. In a number of flights, NIS "Wolkanologist" and in the flight 11-A NIS "Academician Mstislav Keldysh" conducted a study of underwater gas boostermal activity on the north-western slope about. Paramushir. In the flight 11-A NIS "Academician Mstislav Keldysh" in the study area, it was carried out by 11 submersions of underwater inhabited devices (PAIS) "Pysis VII" and "Pysis XI", or 13.

The signal to such a close study of this area was Radiogram, sent on March 20, 1982 by the captain of the Fisherman "Border Guard of Snakes" in the Kamchatskaya Pravda newspaper that near. Paramushir "The operating underwater volcano detected at a depth of 820 m, an extreme height of emissions of 290 m ...". In April of the same year, in the 13th flight of the NIS "Wolkanologist" at the specified point, acoustic interference was found, a well-manifestable echo sounder. Similar records were repeatedly recorded during research from the side of research courts in the area of \u200b\u200bactive volcanoes and were associated with the action of underwater fumarole. In its form, the identified interference was reminded the torch. In the future, when conducting research at the specified point, acoustic interferences on the records of various echoolets installed on board the NIS "Wolkanologist" were noted until 1991, when the last specialized flight No. 40 of this vessel was fulfilled within the code.

Before the start of research in the Torch area, there were no signs of manifestation of volcanic activity. To establish the nature of the "torch" of abnormal water and such numerous studies were performed. They made it possible to establish that the "torch" is formed by submarine gas-driven yields (PGTV), similar to the underwater fumarole, but not directly related to any volcanic center. Therefore, the use of the term "underwater fumarol" to him would be incorrect.

PGTV is located on the West-North-West slope about. Paramushir in the rear part of the KKOS, approximately in the middle between Alaid and Antsiferov volcanoes. Its coordinates - 50O30.8 "S.Sh. And 155O18.45" V.D. It is dedicated to a weakly shown transverse volcanic area represented by almost completely buried extrusion domes or small volcanic cones stretching from the Chikurachka volcano in the West-North-West direction. On NSP recordings, these structures are similar to the side slag cones of the Alaid volcano, which also have transverse orientation in relation to the code. Most of the buried structures are 0.5-3 km based on the base and 50-400 m in height. Given that these dimensions are less than the interglass distance, excluding a small area around PGTV itself, it can be assumed that the number of buried structures in the described area is somewhat larger. It should be noted that the buried structures in the area of \u200b\u200bthe code when conducting volcanological expeditions from the NIS "Wolkanologist" found only in two places: in the area of \u200b\u200bPGTV and the underwater volcano to the west of Oh. Paramushir.

Judging by the GMS, not all volcanic buried structures have the same structure. Some of them are not expressed in a magnetic field, but only fixed on the tapes of NSPs, distinct positive or negative magnetic field anomalies are confined, and they are, apparently, lavva dips or cones frozen, mainly in the thickness of precipitation. Non-magnetic conesoid buildings can be folded with slag cones or acidic rocks.

The largest lava cone is located in the northeast ending of a plot of detailed research. It is almost entirely inside a sedimentary thickness that has a power of more than 1500 m. Only its commanding part towers above the bottom surface, forming a hill with a height of 100-120 m. The fixed depth above the vertex is 580 m. The dimensions of this structure at its bottom at a depth of 800 -1000 m from the bottom surface reaches 5-6 km. The size of the construction of the buried base is 7.5 11 km, an area of \u200b\u200b~ 65 km 2, the total height of 1600 m. The steepness of the sides of the construction is 5O-8O. From the south-south-west, a smaller cone is adjacent to it with a base size of ~ 3 km. Both of these buildings are magnetic and form an anomaly, within which two extremum is marked by the intensity of 370 and 440 NTLs (Fig. 4). The buildings are namagged in the direction of a modern magnetic field, and the age of their formation is not ancient 700 thousand years.

Completed two-dimensional modeling showed that the effective magnetization of the northern cone is 1.56 cars, and the southern - 3.7 car. Based on the average values \u200b\u200bof effective magnetization for underwater volcanoes, it can be assumed that the North Cone is composed by Andesitis, and South-Andesito-Basaltami.

When carrying out dives, in the northern cone were tested plagioclase-cornea andesites and prevailing homogeneous basalts.

Comparison of the results of geomagnetic modeling with the data of geological testing suggests that the upper part of this cone is composed by basalts, and the deeper parts are theezites.

Assessments of the age of the northern cone, given in various works, change within the limits of non-quaternary.

A small cone, located in the southern part of the detailed work area, has a base size of ~ 1.5 km in diameter. Negative anomaly of the magnetic field intensity -200 NTL is timed to it (see Fig. 4). The effective magnetization of this cone is 1.3 a / m, which corresponds to the magnetization of Andesite volcanoes. The negative nature of the magnetic field suggests that the age of the formation of this cone is not worth 700 thousand years.

It should be noted that PGTV is located in the zone of increased cracks with a large number of small discontinuities.

The dive in the PGTV zone showed that the most characteristic form of relief in the region of PGTV are chaotic failed fault funnels and pits. The size of the holes varies from 1 to 10 m in the diameter and has a depth of up to 3 m. The distance between the yams is 0.5-2 m.

PGTV is binding with the deposits of solid gas hydrates.

Employees of the Russian Academy of Sciences believe that the exits studied are gas, and not hydrothermal.

Studies have shown that PGTV is located within the weakly pronounced volcanic zone of quaternary (neogen-quaternary?) Age. They are confined to the zone of increased cracks and are not directly related to any volcanic center. Nearest non-magnetic (slag?) Conise is located ~ 2 km to the east south-east of the point of manifestation of acoustic interference.

Underwater volcanic group "Macanrushi".

Within the limits of this volcanic group, contrasting underwater volcanoes of Belankin and Smirnov, named after the outstanding domestic geologists, were studied. These underwater volcanoes are located in the rear of the island of Onekotan (see Fig. 17). The underwater volcano Belyankina is located 23 km north-west of Fr. Macanrushi (Fig. 21). On navigation maps, before work from the board of the NIS "Wolkanologist", two distinctive depths were shown in the area, which could be depths noted above the peaks of this underwater volcano. Our research unambiguously showed that the Underwater volcano of the Belyankina has only one vertex.

Belyankina volcano has the shape of an isometric cone and rises above the surrounding bottom to a height of about 1100 m. The sharp vertex of the volcano is located at a depth of 508 m. The Whitebird volcano is located not only outside the mountain structure of the smoke-Kamchatka island arc, but even on the other side of the Kuril Basin - on its northwestern slope. The maximum base of the base of the volcanic construction is 9 7 km at an area of \u200b\u200babout 50 km 2. The volcano has steep slopes. The steepness increases in the direction from the base to the top from 15 °-20O to 25 °-30O. The slopes of the volcano towering over the bottom of the bottom, are deprived of a sedimentary cover. The base of the volcano with the relaxation is blocked by a powerful thick precipitation. In the seismograms of NSPs, they correspond to the picture of the seismicacoustic image, as a whole typical of sedimentary strata of this area of \u200b\u200bthe Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. The volume of volcanic construction, taking into account the sediments of the part, ~ 35 km 3. The capacity of sedimental sediments near the volcano exceeds 1000 m. With existing estimates of sedimentation speeds in the Sea Okhotsk (20-200 m / m / mpm), it would be necessary to form this thickness from 1 to 10 million years.

The underwater volcano of Belankin is clearly manifested in a magnetic field. An abnormal magnetic field anomaly with a blank of 650 NTLs is timed, the extremum of which is shifted to the southeast of the vertex (see Fig. 21). Volcanic construction has straight magnetization.

When the underwater volcano of Belankin, homogeneous olivine basalts were raised. Based on the study of precious breeds, some authors believe that the eruption of the volcano occurred under the underwater conditions, while others are in the land.

Measuring the magnetic properties of the damaged samples showed that they are residual magnetization varies in the range of 10-29 cars, and the Königsberger ratio is in the range of 5.5-16.

To interpret GMS data, 2.5-dimensional modeling was performed according to the method proposed in operation. As a priori information, materials of the echooca industrial and NSP were used. One of the most realistic models in which the best coincidence of the curves of anomalous and model magnetic fields is observed in Fig. 6.

From the results of modeling it follows that an abnormal magnetic field in the volcanic area is due to its construction. The role of the deep roots of the volcano is very insignificant. The breeds, the alcanic buildings, have direct magnetization and rather homogeneous in composition, which is consistent with the data of geological testing. Modeling, made on two other independent methods, gave similar results.

Comparing the results of modeling with the NSP data and the echoocompas, and taking into account the freshness of the precated material, it can be assumed that, most likely, the sedimentary thickness was broken when the volcanic construction is formed. The base of the volcano, apparently, began to form in Pliocene, and the bulk of the construction was formed in Pleistocene.

Underwater volcano Smirnova is located 12 km north-north-west of Oh. Macanrushi (see Fig. 21). Its base at a depth of about 1800 m merges with the base of Maca Maca Island. Slopes about. Macanners are covered with a powerful (up to 0.5 c) case "acoustically opaque", probably volcanogenic and volcanogenic and sediment, deposits. The same deposits overlap the southern part of the foundation of the Volcano Smirnov and, as it were, "conceal" it from the south-west and southeast. From the north, the foot of the volcano is blocked by usual for this district of the Okhotsk Sea with sedimentary sediments with a capacity of at least 1000 m. According to the current estimates of the speed of sedimentation in the Okhotsk Sea, it would be necessary to form this thickness at least 5 million years.

The flat top of the volcano is located at a depth of 950 m and overlapped with horizontal-layered precipitation with a capacity of 100-150 m. The maximum size of the base of the volcano is 8 11 km, with an area of \u200b\u200b~ 70 km 2, and a flat vertex - 2? 3 km. The relative height of the volcanic building is 850 m, and the volume is about 20 km 3.

The underwater volcano of Smirnova is also clearly manifested in a magnetic field and an anomaly of a magnetic field with an amplitude of 470 NTL (see Figure 21) is timed to it. Volcanic construction has straight magnetization.

When draging the volcano, Smirnov was raised a variety of breeds, varying in their composition from basalt to docitis.

Dragated Andesito-basalts have residual magnetization of 1.5-4.1 A / m and the ratio of Königsberger is 1.5-6.9, and Andesites are 3.1-5.6 a / m and 28-33, respectively.

2.5-dimensional modeling according to the methodology proposed in the work was performed to interpret GMS data. One of the most realistic models in which the best coincidence of the curves of anomalous and model magnetic fields is observed in Fig. 6. The discrepancy at the beginning of the profile of the observed and calculated curves of an abnormal magnetic field is due to the influence of the nearby Maca Maca Island. From the results of modeling it follows that an abnormal magnetic field in the area of \u200b\u200bthe volcano is due to its construction, and not deep roots. Despite the heterogeneity of the precated material, the overwhelming part of the building is rather uniform in the composition of the compositions of its rocks having direct magnetization. Based on the value of effective magnetization, such rocks can be high-challenge amphibole-containing andesites, typical for the rear zone of smokylo-Kamchatka island arc.

The flat top of the volcano suggests that once he rose to the sea level, and then experienced significant lowering. Extensive underwater terraces about. Macanrushi are at depths of about 120-130 m. It practically corresponds to the sea level in Late Pleistocene, i.e. From late Pleistocene, significant lowering in the area did not occur. Therefore, it can be assumed that the lowering of the Flat Valcan of the Smirnov volcano to a depth of 950 m occurred before the late Pleistocene. The nature of the ratio of the construction of the volcano of Smirnov with sediment sediments of the bottom of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and the sediments of the underwater slopes about. Maca Kanrushi suggests that this volcano is one of the most ancient parts of the array about. Macannishi. His age is at least Pliocene.

The Kuril Islands received its name by the name of the people who inhabited them before the arrival of the Russians and Japanese. They called themselves Aina. "Kuru" in the language of these people meant "man" and in meaning little differed from "Ain". Cossacks from the first Russian expeditions began to call them "smokers" or "smokers", and hence the name of the entire archipelago then went.

The word "Curu" turned out to be consistently Russian "smoke" - after all, over volcanoes, which are much on the smoke, constantly stands by smoke. However, it is necessary to remember that after all the word, which gave the chickens of their current name - not Russian, and Aynian origin.

The chickens are a chain of 56 islands, from Kamchatka to the island of Hokkaido, which includes two located in parallel, the ridges are large and small Kuril. They separate the Okhotsk Sea from the Pacific Ocean.

Waterfall Ilya Muromets

The waterfall, which for a long time was considered the highest in Russia, is located on the island of ITUURUP. Height of "Bogatyr" - 141 meters - approximately as a 40-storey house. The name of the epic hero of the waterfall was given in 1946 by the participants of the Sakhalin Research Expedition.

Alaid is the highest and northern volcano of the Kuril Islands. Its height is 2339 m. There is a legend that Alaid had previously been located in the south of Kamchatka, but the other mountains expelled him: due to the fact that he was the biggest, the volcano overshadowed the light. Since then, Alaid is worth one - on the island of Atlas in the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. And on the Kuril Lake in Kamchatka, the heart of Alaid remained.

The most active volcano from the Kuril Group is located on the island of Matua Big Kuril Ridge. He received his name in honor of the Russian navigator and hydrograph Gabriel Sarychev. Volcano height - 1446 meters above sea level.

Only in the past century, the volcano Sarychev everacted seven times. One of the most powerful eruptions was registered in 1946: then the flow from the mixture of volcanic gases, ashes and stones reached the sea. The last time the volcano was erupted in 2009: this led to an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe island by 1.5 square kilometers.

The volcano, located on the island of Kunashir Big Curil Ridge, is considered one of the most beautiful on the planet. This is a "volcano in a volcano" having an absolutely correct form. Over the comb-shaped part of the ancient volcano, a younger central cone stands. The height of Hali, by the way, recognized as one of the seven wonders of Sakhalin - 1819 meters. He is like Eiffel Tower In Paris: in clear weather, the volcano can be seen from any point Kunashir.

In 1973, a strongest eruption of a volcano occurred, as a result of which the asset donkey was raised within a radius of 80 kilometers. Because of this, a large village of Tatino, located nearby, was abandoned by people. Volcano is considered dangerous for aircraft: It is known that in different years, his vertices broke a few helicopters. It is possible that the cause of the catastrophe was poisonous gases, which unexpectedly periodically throws the side crater.

Historical eruptions of thai occurred in 1812 and 1973. Volcano is unfinished and now: in the central crater, weak activity is observed.

Alaid is the highest of Kuril volcanoes whose peak is ascended over the Earth at 2339 m. It is located on the island of Atlasov, standing in the north of the ridge and erupts every 30 - 40 years. The vertex of Alaid into cloudless clear weather is seen from the shores of Kamchatka, it is assumed that it was her in the 17th century in his report described the discoverer of the Peninsula Vladimir Atlasov.

Volcano Krenitsyn

One of the most wonderful places in the world is the Senecuril Island of Onekotan in the Sakhalin region with its Crenicin volcano (1325 m.) In Calder Tao Rusyr. This is the biggest volcano in the volcano on globe. To see this unique pearl smoked for a little, especially after in 2005, the island left border guards. And at the volcano, standing in the midst of the caldera filled with water, visited even fewer people.

Volcano Kudryavy

The wing fame of the volcano curly (986 m) is located in the northeastern part of the Kuril Island ITUURUP, in the heart of the beautiful Merbal Range. The volcano has several crater. In the windless weather, the height of the vertical pillars of gas and steam over them reaches 1000 m. This place is also known to the fact that the deposit of the terribly expensive and poorly studied metal with amazing properties was found here. We are talking about rhenium, the last of the open non-radioactive chemical elements.

Vulcan Tyatya.

Toyk - most high volcano about. Kunashir is its unofficial symbol. It is located in the northeastern energous territories, which are detected after the volcanic eruption in 1973. The eruption was so strong that the volcanic ash reached the coast of about. Shikotan, located 80 km. From the site of the mountain-giant.