Description of the lake Shalkar Ega Kara. Sillenian lakes

Svellinsky district is called the country lakes.

In the aggregate of the area of \u200b\u200bthe district, the largest wetlands on the territory of the Orenburg region are of the most important meaning for birds.

Nine of them are present on the pages of the Red Book of the International Union of Nature Protection: Curly Pelican, Red Country Case, Piskulka, Savka, Steppe Lun, Orlan-Belohwost, Steppe Kestrak, Barching, Steppe Tirkushka.

Lake Kairankol, Sill Lakes

The lakes are the only place of nesting in the Orenburg of Curly Pelican, Big Cormorant, Swan-Clikun, Savior, Marine Dove, Chagrava, as well as the most important area of \u200b\u200breproduction of a gray goose, many river and ducks, wrenches, gulls and krachek. Only here are periodically flying flamingos and hollows. In addition, Shallo-Zheka-Kola Lake District is the most important place of recreation birds.

At the extreme southeast of the Orenburg region, in the Svetiline and Adam region, multiple lakes are scattered among steppe spaces. They occupy flat-bottom tectonic hollows from several hundred meters to 30-40 kilometers in diameter. In the northern and southern part of the unless, the two largest lake basins are located. One of them is about 12 thousand hectares of Lake Zhetykog (translated from the Kazakh "Seven Lakes", "many lakes"), the other is one and a half times large - the lake of Shalkar-Ega-Kara ("Lake at the High Hill").

Lake Zhetykol, Shalkarekar and Ike in the east of the region occupy 4% of the territory of the region.

Lake Zhetykol is located in a hill, surrounded by hills. In the north-Eastern part, it is understated and blurred in a deep ravine. The water surface occupies about a third of the area of \u200b\u200bthe lake bath - four thousand hectares. The depths of about one meter prevail, only in places they reach one and a half meters.

Lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara occupies a rock-shaped brand.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe water surface does not exceed 9 thousand hectares. Prevailing depths - about 60 centimeters and rarely exceed one meter.

From other lakes it is necessary to name Karakol (translated from the Kazakh "Lake", "Lake with dirty nutrition"), Obalykol ("Lake among stones"), Bictas ("High Stone"), Tastocol ("Stony Lake"), Davilla , Estykol 1.

Lake Shalkarekar (Svetiline Lakes)

Large area (about 5 thousand square meters.) In the east of the Orenburg region, the lakes of Shalkar-Ega-Kara, Zhetykol, Aike.

Lake Shalkarekara - the largest area of \u200b\u200bthe natural reservoir of the Orenburg region, occupies 9660 hectares. It has an outline of almost the right circle with a diameter of 11 km. Lake water drever lies at 299 m above sea level. The only watercourse that ensures the influx of water is the River Buruhold, which comes to the lake only during the spring flood.

The shores of Lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara is very gender, with the exception of the southern and southeast, where low hills are quite closely suitable. The depth of the lake with full filling of the bowl reaches 4 m. In the average water, a single mirror disintegrates 3-6 large sprinkle and a large number of small splas, separated by high cane thickets. The lake soil is a dense clay with a sludge. Water transparent, with a reddish tint.

Alkaline hydrogen indicator 7.9-8.7. Mineralization in low-water years reaches 3-4 g / l. By chemical composition, water refers to the chloride class of the sodium group. In many times, because of the large inflow of melt water, these indicators change greatly. The ichthyofauna lakes is represented by Caras, and in the years of a long connection with the Buru Truktal, perch, Sazan, Sasan, Yaz, roach and some other species of fish come into it.

Approximately once in one decade, this lake dries completely, and every three years freezes until the bottom.

Silly Lakes are greatly fame among waterfowl hunters.

Lake Koskol, Sill District Lakes

Ovalyol Lake (Svetiline Lakes)

One of the largest and deep lakes of the Obalayk group of steppe water bodies located between the lake of Shankarjarekar and Zhetykogol. The area of \u200b\u200bits 635 hectares, dreamed of water - 305 m. Over the sea level. On the lake there is a state hunting reserve on Ondatre. On the shore of the reservoir is the base of the regional management of the hunting economy and the Kurgan, which gave the name of the reservoir ("both" - Kurgan).

Article about Silly Lakes - Ornithological Territory

Landscape feature of Svellinsky district is the presence of an extensive selfless-free neogen-quaternary plain with a large number of flat-bottomed lake baths. The bastards of the largest lakes have a tectonic origin and donoogenic age.

In size, light lakes fall into the following groups:

1. Large lakes with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 5000 hectares. This group includes lakes Shal-Karvgakara, Zhetykolosero, Svetilinsky district. With Kazakh. Zheets - "Seven, Many", Kohl - "Lake". And Aykv, most of which is located in the Kustanai region.

2. Medium lakes with an area of \u200b\u200b100 hectares to 1000 hectares. This group includes 10 lakes: Kairankol, Karakol Lake, Svellinsky district. With Bashkir. "Lake with continuing water." Village, Dombarovsky district. , Obalykol, Middle Obalykol, Dalavolkozero in the Sill District. From Kazakh. name - Daulen and Kohl - "Lake". , Wheel-kohl (Sukhodol bolt beam with a wide flat bottom or dry valley, filled only in spring with thawed snow waters. Sukhodol is often called the slopes and upper parts of watersheds, mainly atmospheric precipitation.), Karasolkol (stone-term in the floodplain of the Urals. The first is 6 km To the west of s. Ilyinka, the second is 3 km east of the p. Infantry. On the assumption of local residents in the water there is a rock - stone, hence and name.), West and East Koscoloser, Belyaevsky district. From Kazakh. Kos - "pair", Kohl - "Lake". , Small kayrankol.

3. Small lakes with an area of \u200b\u200b50 hectares to 100 hectares. Lakes are also 10. This is: Bat Pacts (small aicoosero at the extreme east of the region, on the border of the Svetilinsky district with the Republic of Kazakhstan.), Small Zhetykogol (burned), Carable (dry), East and West (Reserved) Zagmankol, Taldysh, Bictas , Small Karakol, iskop, Tastocol.

In addition, there are about 30 small lakes with an area of \u200b\u200b0.5 hectares to 20 hectares. It should be noted that the above areas are given for lake baths, filling with water of which is very much changed by years, up to the fact that many lakes have been drying around at about 10 times in 10 years. And, on the contrary, in rare multi years, there are probably once every 40 years, lakes in the spring are so widely, which are connected to each other.

Lake Svellinsky is the only place in the south-east of Russia, where there are unique conditions for the nesting of a large number of types of waterfowl and chain birds. In addition, lakes are located on the most important transcontinental migration path of birds from northern latitudes to subtropical, tropical and equatorial countries. Here nest, fly, meet on nomads and migrations 145 species of birds.

In general, the wetlands of the Lakes of the Lakes are worldwide, as a region of mass concentration of road-shaped from the nesting facilities on zi-moving and back. According to the estimates of Orenburg-Sky ornithologists, the density of the summer population of the road-shaped in Sill Die-RAH is more than 190 individuals per 1 sq. Km. At spring migrations, up to 50 thousand geese, 0.7 thousand swans, 150-180 thousand ducks, who find the abundance of feed and sufficient water aquatorium for themselves. According to the same researchers, about 3.0 thousand geese, 0.3 thousand swans, from 72 thousand to 112 thousand ducks annually lines on the lakes. In the fall, during migrations, up to 80 thousand geese, more than 1 thousand swans and up to 200 thousand ducks accumulate on the lakes.

Cherishhaya Rellars

On the lakes of Svellinsky district, 10 species listed in the Red Book of Russia are meeting (six of them nest: Savka, Steppe Lun, shocking, stilt, shneloklvival, steppe tirkushka). During the spring and autumn migrations, a pisklka stop (from 2 thousand to 5 thousand individuals), the Red Country Camera (from 0.8 thousand to 2 thousand individuals). On the summer nomes of the lake visit the pink flamingo and curly pelican.

In addition, there are such relatively rare in the bird in the region, like a large cormide (forms colonies up to 200 individuals), a large white Heron (colonies from 60 to 120 individuals), swan-clikun, Swan-Shipun, Gray Goose (more than 300 nest individuals), Peganka, Ogarchy, Red-axis, a red-willed trafficking obstacle, representing a powerful underwater source, beating on the surface, as a result of which a mbful protrusion is formed (river.). , small drink. On the span there are numerous white fellow goose, mannik, panels, cogula, red-headed black, sea blackfriend, big deregol and other species of birds.

Analysis of the species and numerical composition of Ornithofauna of Sill District Lakes allows you to attribute all of their complex to the key ornithological territory (water area) not only Russian, but also of world importance.

lake Small Obalajok

The once-free lake of a small chiller in the Sill region has already been dried, but the amazing bird steppe Tirkushka still flies here.

Our regular author of the Shanburg Region, Alexander Nazin, told us about the unusual fate of the lake and the state inspector on the protection of the nature of the Orenburg region Alexander Nazin. In the 70s, Small Obalykol had once breathable. And after a while again filled with water. Fish started again. Cozy here lived in greasy crucies. The meter depth is quite enough for the fusion existence. Life in short creatures spoiled only seagulls, cormorants, and pelicans are big hunters to the fish.

Now in the life of the lake - again a black strip. In his middle itself, you can easily take a picture, not watered my legs, as Alexander did. The grass of Salteros is growing at the bottom, in common man - goose paws. The inspector believes that the disappearance of the lake is not a tragedy, but the natural nature self-regulatory process. There is a lake - good. There is no it - in the shelter of the crumpled roots, birds and boars will be treated.

On the shore of the Small Obalacol likes a globally rare species of the birds Steppe Tirkushka. It is slightly smaller than pigeon. The tail, like a swallow, split. It arrives in our land in mid-May, and removes from place in August. By the lucky random at this time, the hunting season on birds is closed. And on the territory of the biological reserve "Svetlinsky", where the lake is located, it is forbidden to shoot at all. Therefore, a pretty pich tug without unnecessary excitement takes here offspring. It is curious that Tirkushka does not work at all the nests, but leaves the eggs right on bare ground. Levity leads to sad consequences. During the shower, the laying of eggs is washed off and the offspring dies. But the Tirkushki has theatrical talent. If the fox is granted, it is capable of reincarnate as an actor and depict the dying. I barely dying on the ground of the paws and sluggishly patting the wings, the bird assigns a predator from the chicks. It happens that red-haired beauty can be contrary. But, unfortunately, it happens that, by entering the role, the bird becomes easy prey for hungry fox.

Noisy now on the site of the former lake. Bird hounds are heard on a kilometer. Learn to fly chicks, resting in the shadow of the coastal greenery of Bumbinka.

Geography of the Sill District

Svetyl district is located in the east of the Orenburg region. In the north, the district borders on the Tobol River with the Kustanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the south and east - with the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the North-West with Adamovsky and in the West with the Yasnensky districts of the Orenburg region. The length of the area of \u200b\u200bthe district from the north to south is 90 km and from the west to the east - 96 km. Area of \u200b\u200bterritory - 5.608 thousand km².

The territory of the district is included in the steppe climatic area of \u200b\u200bthe region, characterized by sharp continentality and reduced humidification, cold winter and hot summer, poverty of atmospheric precipitation. Svetilinsky district is the most peasant in the area, timber-plated areas are about 0.03%. Cenokos and pastures occupy about 38% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe area. Grounds clay, samp, thin, shebaneous-linous and crushed stone and sugary, salt marsh. There are small stony areas.

The Svellinsky district is rich in beautiful lakes and a huge variety of waterfowl. On a relatively compact area, there are several dozen large, medium and minor in the magnitude of the drawless lakes, which form the largest wetlands in the area, which are important for birds. More than 150 species of birds nest on the lakes. 27 of them are made to the Red Books of the Orenburg region and the Russian Federation. Nine of them are present on the pages of the Red Book of the International Union of Nature Protection: Curly Pelican, Red Country Case, Piskulka, Savka, Steppe Lun, Orlan-Belohwost, Steppe Kestrak, Barching, Steppe Tirkushka. The lakes are the only place of nesting in the Orenburg of Curly Pelican, Big Cormorant, Swan-Clikun, Savior, Marine Band, Chagrava, as well as the most important area of \u200b\u200bbreeding a gray goose, many river and ducks, wrenches, gulls and crackeck. Only here are periodically flying flamingos and hollows. Slimiline lakes are tectonic by origin. The dimensions of the lakes fluctuate from several hundred meters to 30-40 kilometers in the diameter. In the northern and southern part of the sleeveless depressions are the two largest lake basins. One of them area of \u200b\u200babout 12 thousand hectares is engaged in Lake Zhetykol (translated from the Kazakh Seven Lakes, "Many Lakes"), the other - one and a half times large - Lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara ("Lake at a High Hill"). Lake Zhetykol, Shalkar-Ega-Kara and Ike in the east of the Orenburg region occupy 4% of its territory.

Performed: A.A. Ardyntsov, MBU to Sports School

Environmental problems of lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara, Svtlinsky district, Orenburg region.

We in the Orenburg region the largest Lake Shelk-Ega-Kara. This is a steppe lake-saucer. It has a rounded shape and a depth of 4.6m. The area of \u200b\u200bthe lake is 9.6 thousand. Not far from Lake Shelk-Ega-Kara is located: the district village is bright, with a population of 10.5 thousand people, Buructal Nickel Plant, Svellinsky Plant of the precast concrete, dairy, bakery and other enterprises.

The village and industrial enterprises consume 2657,000 cubic meters. Waters per year from the Kumak reservoir. And the wastewater reset the village, the bakery and the dairy is carried out in Lake Shelkar-Ega-Kara.

Communal estates of the village before getting into the lake should be cleaned. But in fact, the case is as follows: Built in 1961 on the outskirts of the village. Light temporal treatment facilities consisting of a bunk sump, aeration basin, chlorinator, do not work, and from eleven evaporator ponds with a total area of \u200b\u200b64 hectares, only two are functioning, the rest during the spring flood, with raising water level in the lake, directly communicate with it. . Since only two evaporator ponds work the volume of evaporated water is significantly less than the volume of discharged wastewater, therefore, there is a constant increase in the water level in the lake. And although this increase in the level is insignificant, but under certain conditions (more flooded water for several years, raising the level of the river Bru Truet) There is a real threat to the flooding of the village light. Such a threat was at the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century, when the lake was very different, and the inhabitants believed that the outskirts of the village would be under threat of flooding (samostroy, South, Komsomolskaya Street). Then, urgently, the dam was erected.

But the lake "gave himself to know" in the spring of 2005, it broke up so that the level reached the vertex of the dam. But overflow did not happen, in order to avoid such cases, the district administration decided to increase the level of mound. The height of the dam is currently about 3rd above the lake level.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe lake there is another important environmental problem - discharge of wastewater into the lake. As a result of wastewater discharge, the physical properties of water change (the temperature increases, transparency decreases, coloring, tastes, smells appear); Floating substances appear on the surface of the reservoir, and the sediment is formed on the day; The chemical composition of water changes (the content of organic and inorganic substances increases, toxic substances appear, the oxygen content decreases, the active reaction of the medium, etc., changes; A qualitative and quantitative bacterial composition varies, pathogenic bacteria appear.

Unclean, getting immediately into the water, rot, and oxygen is consumed on their oxidation. The so-called biochemical need for oxygen is created. The higher this need, the less oxygen remains in water for living microorganisms, especially for fish and algae. Sometimes, due to lack of oxygen, all lives die. Water becomes biologically dead - it remains only anaerobic bacteria; They flourish without oxygen and in the process of their livelihoods, hydrogen sulfide is isolated - poisonous gas with a specific smell of rotten eggs.

The hydrogen sulfide in the reservoir is formed almost exclusively by biologically, due to the activities of various bacteria. For the water population, it is harmful both indirectly and directly. For many hydrobionts, it is mortal even in the smallest concentrations. The formation of large amounts of H2S can cause zamors. In addition to sulfur bacteria, H2S is oxidized by photosynthetic purple and some types of green bacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as a donor of hydrogen and thereby rescue the population of the reservoir. And without that lifeless water acquires a rotten smell and becomes completely unsuitable for humans and animals.

With an excess of such substances such as nitrates and phosphates; They enter the water from agricultural fertilizers in the fields or from wastewater contaminated with detergent. These biogenic substances stimulate the growth of algae, algae begin to consume a lot of oxygen, and when it becomes not enough, they are dying. In the natural conditions of the lake before he to lure and disappear, there are about 20 thousand. years. An excess of biogenic substances accelerates the process of aging, or intriguing, and reduces the life of the lake, making it further devastating. In warm water, oxygen is worse dissolved than in cold.

Due to the failure of temporary treatment plants and continued for a number of years, the discharge of untreated wastewater (more than 2000KUB. M. Per day) In Lake Shelkar-Ega-Kara, the state of the established ecosystem of the lake and adjacent territories has recently deteriorated significantly. The water quality deteriorated significantly in the lake, there was less fish, the number of reasons decreased. All this led to a reduction in the nesting of a rare waterfowl (35 of her species are listed in the "Red Book") which nestled on the lake in large numbers.

To reduce the destructive impact on the flora and the fauna of the reset of crude wastewater into Lake Shelk-Ega-Kara, it is necessary to build modern sewage treatment plants.

Currently, the coastline of Lake Shelkar-Ega-Kara is a bright real threat to the district center, as the treatment facilities do not function, disinfection of evaporator ponds does not help because wastewater was dropped in the lake with harmful impurities, about 4 thousand tons. - This is the above PDS.

For the reconstruction of wastewater treatment facilities and to bring in the order of evaporator ponds, 400 thousand is needed. rubles, but this is not enough. The real amount is 3 million rubles, and there are no such money from the area. The administration of the Orenburg region promised to help, but everything is in vain, there is no money. The problem of the lake is relevant to the Slimilian district since 1989.

At the moment, the district administration is preparing documents for led by Lake Shelk-Ega-Kara status of the "natural monument of federal meanings".

In the case of this project and the construction of modern sewage treatment plants should significantly improve the ecological state of Lake Shelkar-Ega-Kara and the territories adjacent to it. In addition, the real possibility of using the lake water resources to ensure the needs of the village will appear. At the first stage - to ensure the needs of the plant with technical water (watering gardening sectors), which is spent annually more than 300,000 cubic meters. m. Water from the Kumak reservoir. It will be economically beneficial for the district center. Saved tools can be used to repair the water duty, due to the fault of which 1387000CUB is currently lost. m., which is half of the light drinking water used by the village (2657000CUB. M.). In the future, at the second stage, water ski water resources can be used as drinking water.

The largest lake in the Orenburg region is the lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara. It is located in the Sill District.

We approached the lake at sunset. Walking through the country roads, the concrete platform was noticed with a half-brine letter H. It was a helicopter platform. I remembered how someone told that Viktor Chernomyrdin began to hunt here. In general, among hunters, this lake is very popular because of the abundance of birds.

While we went towards the water, I looked at the navigator and saw a fun picture - we were already driving on the lake itself, although no less than half a kilometer remained before the water. And then the car began to slowly dig in the sand. Fortunately, we stopped at the time and after dumped the wheels were able to push the car back.

The fact is that in the spring the lake is bottled, and then gradually decreases in size leaving around a wide wet coastline. Here we fell on this line.

The shores of the lake gerier, vegetation is very small. In good weather, a narrow strip of the opposite shore is visible.

The largest lake of the Orenburg region. It is located in the east of the Sill District, not far from the border with Kazakhstan.. The reservoir has the shape of an almost smooth circle, a diameter of about 11 kilometers and long coastline almost 96 kilometers. Lake extends on the square a little more 9 thousand hectares, its average depth rarely exceeds 50 cm, maximum - 90 cmBut during the spill, it can increase to four meters. Absolute height - 299 M..

C Kazakh Shalkar-Ega-Kara"Translated as" High Hill Lake". Currently, the lake is a hydrological monument of nature and is protected by the state.

Fueled by lake with waters from the nearest river BuruholdtalBut only during the spring spill. Because of this, the lake dries out once every 10 years, and fully fluctuates every 3 years. In the time of dry periods, the reservoir dries and several smaller lakes are formed, reeds begin to actively grow. The bottom of the lake is covered with clay and shel, water is more transparent.

Rest and Fishing

Lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara is popular with fishermen from nearby settlements. Here a carp is found here, and during the spill, the perch, sazan, roach, as well as other types of fish. In addition to fishermen, a reservoir is known among hunters - during the periods of the autumn flight of birds, wild ducks love to rest on the lake. In total, in these places, called Slim Lakes, live more 150 species of birds from which 27 Located in the Red Book.

Shalkar-Ega-Kara(Shalkarjarekar) is a faceless mineralized lake in the Sill District, in the east of the Orenburg region, near the border with Kazakhstan. Refers to the group of Sillensky lakes.

The name of the lake comes from the Kazakh words "Shalkar" - "Spacious", "Eki" - "two" and "bark" - "Khlev".

Coupler water is located at an altitude of 299 m above sea level. The area of \u200b\u200bthe aqueous mirror is inconsistent and depends on climatic conditions, usually changing from 60 to 100 km 2; According to literary data, it is 96 km 2. Lake length 13.5 km, width - 13 km. The average depth of about 1 m, the maximum depth with full filling of the bowl - 4 m. The volume of the prisoner of water is 0.08 km 3. Shalkar-Ega-Kara is the largest lake of the Orenburg region and the 119th Lake of Russia in the area of \u200b\u200bthe water mirror.

The lake is located in a swirling decrease and has a rounded shape with a diameter of about 11 km. The surrounding landscape is a diverse-cereal steppe. The shores of the lake gerier, with the exception of the southern and southeastern, where low hills are quite close; Northeast coast - incisive. The length of the coastline is 96 km. Prevailing soils - dense clay with sludge.

Surface stock in the lake is practically absent. The only water flow that provides the influx of water is the River Buruhold, reaching the lake only during the spring flood. Because of this, the lake is distinguished by an unstable hydrological regime - it differs in the spring, in a summer period, it is significantly reduced in size. The bottom of the lake, gradually freed from the water, turns into a viscous salt chamber. In the average water, the uniform mirror disintegrates on 3-6 large and large amounts of small flaps separated by high cane thickets. Every 10 years, the lake practically breathes, water remains only in the deepest decreases.

Ice cover on the lake is usually established in November and keeps until April - the beginning of May. Once every three years, the lake is freezing to the bottom. In the summer months, water is strongly heated.

Lake salt, its average mineralization - 3 g / l, at low levels it increases significantly; During the periods of the spring flood, the water is strongly conserved. The water is transparent, with a reddish tint, pH 7.9-8.7. By chemical composition, lake water refers to chloride class, sodium group. In many times, all the hydrochemical indicators change are strongly changed due to the large difts.

The highest aqueous vegetation is represented by reed and rogoma narrowing; ichthyofauna - karam. In the years of high water, when the lake nourishes the r. Buructal, perch, Sazan, June, roach, etc. come into it.

On the northern coast of the lake there is a fairly large settlement of light, as well as small settlements - suburban and mines.

Silly Lakes, the greatest of which is Oz. Shalkar-Ega-Kara, form the largest wetlands in the Orenburg region. There are more than 150 species, 27 of which are made in the Red Books of the Orenburg Region and the Russian Federation. Among the birds of rare species: Curly Pelican, Red Country Camera, Piskulka, Savka, Steppe Lun, Orlan-Belochvost, Steppe Kestrak, Escape, Steppe Tirkushka. The lakes are the only nesting place in the nesting of a large cormorant, Swan-Clikuna, a sea dwarf, Chagorava, as well as the most important area of \u200b\u200breproduction of a gray goose, many river and dyky ducks, wrenches, gulls and krachek. Periodically, Flamingo and Kolpitsy fly here. In addition, this lake area is the most important place of rest of the plenty of pleasing birds.

Since 1982, Lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara has the status of a hydrological monument of the Nature of Regional Values.