Rome (Roma) is always beautiful and crazy city. Rome's Secret Places That You Won't Find in a Typical Guide to Orange Garden on Aventina

Rome is the mystery of Italy, a duet of metal and stone. Rome in Italy is notable, inspiring and memorable. Rome in Italy is a noble and aristocratic city. The city of Rome is a landscape of reflection!

The greatness of Italian history is revealed through the great actions of the emperors and commanders of Rome. Rome has been for centuries the center of the Roman Empire - the most powerful, dominant, richest and grandest empire the ancient world... Rome preserves its ancient treasures, proof of the city's leading role in the rich historical events that made it the world's first city-museum. Palace of Saturn, Basilica Emilia, Palace of Castra and Pollux, Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, squares with columns and monuments, as well as Baths of Caracalla, taverns, Theater of Marcellus, market, Palace of Venus, Arch of Constantine - all this historical heritage today it is available for the contemplation of tourists.

Rome is art, it is history, it is nature! All paths lead to Rome, and from Rome to eternity ...

Tourist sunny Italy is a mood, beauty, emotions, jewelry and souvenirs. Italy's inspiration is Rome's "eternal city", where solemnity and grace are valued. Rome in Italy is a city where the soul is overwhelmed with delight!

The energy of the modern city lives side by side with the splendor and sophistication of the ancient world.

Rome has the smallest .

Rome landmarks

• The most important Roman ruins are: the Palatine, and the Baths of Caracalla;
• Imperial Forums;
• Is a hymn to the sea and its master Neptune. Playful seahorses, newts have united into a single mythical ensemble, delighting the townspeople and tourists, and a coin thrown into it is a guarantee of a new meeting with the "eternal city";
• Spain Square. Fountain in the form of a boat "Barcaccia". The famous Spanish Steps (135 steps);
• ... The Palace of Venice and the monumental building "Altar of the Fatherland" ("Vittoriano").
• ... Three fountains: Central - "Fountain of the Four Rivers", created in the years 1648-1650 according to the sketches of Bernini. It is a stele framed by sculptures depicting the rivers Ganges, Nile, Danube and La Plata; Two side ones - "Fountain of Neptune" and "Fountain of the Moor" (by Giacomo della Porta).

Rome is the most mysterious place in Italy, where the pages of a historical novel seem to come to life! In this ancient city, a feeling of merging with history is created and the nuances are no longer important: either history penetrates into you, or you penetrate into history! At night, all the monuments are illuminated and Rome is filled with magic!

The art of Rome is wisdom in the guise of beauty and architecture. It was in Rome that they came up with the idea of ​​growing flowers on the windowsill! Cement was also invented in Rome. It is believed that the water in Rome is the tastiest in the world: thousands of springs and fountains still operate here! "Meal'n'Real!" - the slogan is also Roman.
The dynamics, freedom, passion and power of magic of the modern capital of Italy fit seamlessly into the monumental image of Rome.
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Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) in Rome

The most ancient building left from ancient Rome is Coliseum (Flavian amphitheater). Despite centuries of destruction, it remains the main symbol of Rome today.

The amphitheater was built in the 1st century AD, in 8 years. This imposing elliptical structure is 50 meters high, with a perimeter of 530 meters, a foundation of 13 meters and 28 elevators. the largest Amphitheater of the Ancient World.

Colosseum, Flavian Amphitheater, Rome

In accordance with the hierarchy of Roman society, residents had tokens indicating their place in the colosseum. Residents could attend all performances free of charge, there were about 10 of them a year. A metal barrier, elephants and archers protected the very first rows of nobles from wild animals. What did the walls of the Colosseum not see? Here they organized battles with wild animals, executions of those sentenced to death, which took place in the form of performances, water battles and gladiator fights, where the main reward was a wooden sword - a symbol of freedom. Since the 6th century, the amphitheater has been abandoned. Its destruction and plundering began, which stopped only in 1700, when the Colosseum was declared the site of the martyrdom of the first Christians. History comes to us through stones. Time has turned the Colosseum into the ruins of history. Today, through the openings of the Colosseum, the Roman sky is blue!

Pantheon in Rome

The Pantheon in Rome is a masterpiece of ancient Roman architecture that has come down to us in perfect condition since 125 AD. The Pantheon is the only antique domed landmark in Rome. It is hard to imagine that this is a monolithic, impressive building, without a single window on the sides, luxuriously decorated and well lit inside. A round rotunda with a diameter of 43.5 meters, together with a dome, rises 42 meters, resting on massive walls 6 meters thick. The austere facade of the building is decorated with a rectangular portico, which rests on two rows of 14-meter solemn red monolithic columns made of Egyptian granite (the upper part is made of Greek marble).

The Pantheon, with all its significance and uniqueness, is one of the most accessible tourist attractions in Rome. Pantheon literally means "Temple to all gods." But the ancient temple already in 609 by the decree of Pope Boniface IV began to be used as a Christian church "Our Lady of the Martyrs" and this saved it from destruction. Today it is also the main burial vault. famous people... The first who wished to be buried in the Pantheon was the famous Italian Renaissance painter Raphael Santi (1520). So the Pantheon became a mausoleum. Here they found their final resting place kings Victor Emmanuel II, Umberto I, Queen Margherita, as well as famous cultural figures Carracci and Dzukkari.

Speaking of the Pantheon, one cannot fail to mention the dome. The dome is made of concrete, and a 9-meter round hole in its center illuminates the interior, giving the impression of a firmament decorated with stars. Five rows of caissons visually lighten the entire structure and create "airiness" of the decorative elements of the interior decoration of the vault. Colored African marble is present everywhere inside the Pantheon: from the threshold and mosaic floors to the walls. Altars and niches are decorated with statues of saints, sculptures of the 17th and 18th centuries and paintings.

Divine services in the Pantheon are still held on significant spiritual holidays.

Palatine. Palatine Hill in Rome

Rome stands on 7 hills: Capitol, Palatine, Aventine, Quirinal, Viminal, Caelius, Esquiline.

The Palatine Hill is the cradle of the Roman Empire, the second largest after the Capitol (40 meters high).

Palatine is a museum of Ancient Rome under open air... He seems to resurrect the inventions of ancient mythology. According to legend, it was on it that the twins Rem and Romulus were found and fed by a she-wolf.

Palatine Hill - a hill of the era of kings and emperors, rightfully occupying central place in Rome. The Palatine Hill tells its story with the hut of Romulus, the palaces of Tiberius and Flavius, the Domitian stadium, the Claudius aqueduct, the Farnese palace and botanical garden, the Baths of Severus, the Palatine Museum, the Temple of Apollo, the house of Augustus, the buildings of the era of Nero.

Roman forum

With one ticket, you can visit three ancient sights of Rome at once, which are located in the historical center of the city: Palatine Hill, Roman Forum and the Colosseum.

Roman Forum - the former business and political center of Ancient Rome... The view of the Roman Forum opens up especially brightly from the observation deck located nearby.

• The main attractions of the Roman Forum:
• Arch of Tito (Arco di Tito);
• Arch of Settim Severo (Arco Settimo Severo) or Septimius Severus;
• Basilica Julia;
• Temple of Venus the Ancestor;
• Temple of the Goddess Vesta;
• Temple of Concord;
• Temple of Saturn;
• Arch of Constantino (Arco di Constantino).

Temple of Saturn(497 BC) is considered the most impressive landmark in the size of the Roman Forum. Its majestic columns and surviving fragments are attributed to structures of the 3rd century BC.

Saturn is a mythical god who glorifies the equality of people without estates. Some scholars believe that the custom of Christmas gifts under the tree came precisely from the Roman Saturnalia (feasts in honor of Saturn).

Arch of Constantine rises on the Palatine Hill on the conditional border between the Colosseum and the Roman Forum.

Arch of Constantine is a three-span arched structure, with the most impressive central span and two arches on the sides, decorated with an attic. It is the last and largest of the three Roman imperial arches that have survived to this day, including the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Settim North (21 meters high, 26 meters wide, and more than 7.3 meters thick walls).

An interesting fact is that the Triumphal Arch of Constantine is the only one that was built in 315 as a result of the victory of Emperor Constantine in civil war in the battle on October 28, 312 at the Milvio bridge over the commander Maxentius, who tried to seize power and declared himself emperor of Western Rome.

Arch of Constantine is made of white stone and marble blocks, and it rests on 8 Corinthian columns of yellowish marble (4 on each side). In the decoration of its attic (rectangular superstructure over the spans), the Romans used decorations taken from other more ancient monuments: reliefs from the time of Marcus Aurelius and 8 marble statues of Dacian barbarians from the Trajan Forum. From the era of Hadrian, the Arch of Constantine got 8 medallions with scenes of hunting and sacrifices, which crown the side vaults of two arched spans.

During the reign of Emperor Constantine, new decorations were created on the arch: a relief frieze with illustrations of the military campaign of Constantine against Maxentius, as well as the deities of the Moon and the Sun on chariots. The Goddess of Victory Victoria is depicted on the vault of the central arch and the bases of the columns.

Arch of Constantine is located near St. Gregory Street, next to the metro line B (Colosseo).

Arch of Septimius Sever erected in 203 AD in honor of the emperor of ancient Rome Septimius Severus and his sons Geta and Caracalla.

This massive, three-span, 23-meter-wide arched structure is the second largest memorial arch after Constantine's Arc de Triomphe. The attic is decorated with inscriptions and bas-reliefs with exploits and victories in the wars of Septimius Severus with desks and Arabs. The bases of the four columns on the facade of the arch are images of captured barbarians.

Arch of Septimius Severo (Arco Settimo Severo) at the Roman Forum.

Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome

On the picturesque bank of the Tiber River in Rome, a majestic bulk rises. Take a vacation in Rome and immerse yourself in its secrets!

Which in the III century BC began to be called "the greatest eternal city" - this is the dream of millions of travelers from different parts of our planet who dream of seeing with their own eyes a lot of ancient sights.

Content:

Short description

Attractions, including a huge number of historical and architectural monuments, which reflect the former greatness and power of the Great Roman Empire. Thanks to sociological research, experts concluded that it is Rome that is considered the most visited city in the world... The legend of the Roman Empire, its capital, where passions seethed, the fate of many states was decided, is located on seven hills. Rome stretches on both sides of the well-known Tiber River. The climate in the capital is Mediterranean: in summer it is quite hot here, the temperature sometimes exceeds +40 degrees Celsius, and winters are mild and mostly rainy.

Santa Maria Maggiore

On the territory of modern Rome, in addition to sights, ancient ruins, the stones of which still remember the voices of Caesar, Nero and other emperors, there is a state within a state, the name of which every Catholic knows - the Vatican. Even the most experienced guides who conduct excursions around the "eternal city" often work out the route for a long time, because it is very difficult to understand what exactly I would like to show to the guest of the capital.

In Rome, literally everything causes genuine delight even among travelers who come to this city not for the first time. Here, literally at every step, you can stumble upon a unique landmark, which is centuries old. The Roman Forum, or the grandeur, wealth and luxury of the Vatican, or maybe the dome of St. Peter, in the image of which the dome of the Capitol in Washington was built, Piazza Navona or the Altar of the Fatherland - all this will certainly leave an indelible impression on any guest of the Italian capital.

Trajan's market

A bit of history

One can endlessly talk about the ups and downs, the destruction and rebirth of Rome. And how is it possible, even in three or five materials, to reflect at least some part of the history of not only the city, but also the entire huge, in its time, empire, the fate of which has always been inextricably linked with the capital. The only thing I would like to dwell on is that in the 19th century, great Rome was still conquered by the most talented strategist and conqueror Napoleon.

It was he who decided to expel the Pope and "put on the throne" his newborn son. However, already in 1870, the Italians regained Rome and once again proclaimed it the capital, however, now not an empire, but a kingdom. It is also worth paying special attention to the fact that it was on the capital of Italy that the Nazis' march took place for the first time, this event took place in 1922. Shortly thereafter, the fascist plague spread throughout the world.

Arch of Titus

Fortunately, the city-monument escaped massive bombing and almost all the sights remained intact. It is unlikely that the allies of the USSR would dare to bombard the city where the Vatican is located, which is the main spiritual center for all Catholics in the world. Although there were fears that the Germans, who occupied Rome in 1943, would dare to destroy all the monuments of history and architecture and simply plunder the "eternal city". Fortunately, the tragedy did not happen, even the greatest tyrant and despot of all times and peoples Adolf Hitler did not dare to remain in the memory as the destroyer of the “eternal city”. Already in 1944, Rome again became free and independent, now from fascism and the power of Benito Mussolini, who, by the way, suffered from a mental disorder and wanted to destroy all buildings in the capital in order to build a “new city”.

Palace of the Augustus

Modern Rome

As mentioned above, Rome is currently considered the most visited city by tourists. However, the population of the capital of the country, which resembles a woman's boot with an elegant heel on the world map, cannot be called large by today's standards. The city is home to about three million people. However, this figure does not include the number of people who come to Rome to work, and, by the way, there are quite a few of them.

If a tourist comes to the capital of Italy and does not want to take advantage of the offers of travel agencies, but develops a tourist route on his own, he should first of all visit the Colosseum, Pantheon, Roman Forum, Piazza del Popolo, St. Peter's Cathedral. Naturally, this is only a hundredth of those sights that will forever remain in your memory. To learn more about Rome and find for yourself those places that you would like to visit immediately after arrival, you need to familiarize yourself with the tourist brochures available in almost every hotel or read about the sights of the city on the World Wide Web.

Roman Coliseum

Going to Rome, you should not count on the fact that on the first trip you can see all the most interesting and mysterious places in the ancient city. Rome probably resembles Paris in some way. At least the fact that in order to truly get to know this city, you need to be born and die in it. It is difficult even to imagine how long it may take to visit even a small part of the sights of Rome, because there are more than 900 churches in it alone.

Roman Coliseum	Baths of Caracalla	Roman Pantheon	Roman forum	Mouth of Truth
Circus Maximus	Trevi Fountain	Temple of Vesta	Caesar's Forum

For more than two millennia, the Eternal City has been attracting everyone's attention. Rome is one of the most romantic and magnificent cities in the world.

The very first and most important date in the history of the Eternal City was April 21, 753 BC. On this day, Romulus, who killed his twin brother Remus, founded the city of Rome. After several centuries, from a small city-state, Rome grows into a powerful empire.

The most famous emperors of Rome are Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Gnaeus Pompey, Gaius Julius Caesar, Octavian Augustus, the Flavian dynasty, Trajan. Each of the emperors contributed not only to the political life of the state, but also to the appearance of the city, its architecture, and borders.

In 410, the Visigoths conquered and ravaged Rome, and in 455 the city was plundered by vandals. Since then, the city has experienced many attacks and seizures.

In 1943-1944, Rome was occupied by the Germans, but, fortunately, the Second World War did not bring major destruction to the city.

Region	Lazio
Population	2 761 477 people
	753 BC NS.
Population density	2197 people / km²
Timezone	UTC + 1, in summer UTC + 2
Postal code	00100 (generico), 00121 - 00199
International dialing code

Climate and weather

Summer here is quite long and hot with an average air temperature of +25 ° С, almost without precipitation. At the beginning of summer, sirocco blows in the city - winds that bring hot, suffocating air.

The average air temperature in winter is +5 ° С. The winter is quite mild, with almost no frost and snowfall. The fallen snow can stay for no more than two days, and then it melts. In winter, the city is sometimes visited by the cold winds of Trimontana.

Nature

Rome is located in the center of the Apennine Peninsula and lies on seven hills: Viminal, Quirinal, Celia, Aventine, Capitoline, Palatine and Esquiline. Located in a hilly lowland, Rome is surrounded on three sides by small mountains: Prenestani, Sabini, Albani and Sabatini. The plain between these mountains is called the Roman Campania. The city itself is home to Mount Mario, 141 meters high, as well as the hills of Pincho and Yanikolo.

Rome is divided in two by the Tiber River. Previously, the river was quite full-flowing, which caused floods and floods in the city. In the 19th century, high stone parapets were erected on the embankments of the city, and there was no more flood threat.

There are not many green spaces in Rome. All greenery is concentrated mainly in private villas and gardens of local aristocrats, but there are also public squares and parks. It cannot be said that the Eternal City is buried in the greenery of vineyards and olive groves, but nevertheless, these representatives of the flora are often found here.

The Romans themselves prefer to relax in picturesque places near Rome. For example, to the east of the city are the Tiburtinsky Mountains, where the beautiful Aniene River flows and there are magnificent waterfalls.

sights

The most important Roman landmark is the Colosseum, or the Flavian Amphitheater. The largest amphitheater in the Roman Empire was built in 80 on the site of the artificial sea of ​​Nero. Flavius ​​built the Colosseum to destroy the Romans' memories of the cruel Nero.

The Trevi Fountain is located in the square of the same name. The sculptural composition of the fountain shows the god of the sea, Neptune, who moves towards the ocean in his chariot drawn by winged horses and young sea gods.

Not far from Via dei Fori Imperiali is the Forum Romanum, which was the most important religious and political center of the entire Roman Empire. On the Piazza della Rotonda square is the main Roman temple - the Pantheon (translated as "dedicated to all the gods").

The world famous Sistine Chapel is located in the Vatican Museum. It was built between 1473 and 1481 by order of Pope Sixtus IV. Here you can see Michelangelo's Last Judgment fresco and many other frescoes by famous artists. It is here that, since the 15th century, conclaves have been held, secret meetings of cardinals about the choice of a new pope.

One of the largest Roman churches, the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (431 years old), is located in Piazza di Santa Maria Maggiore. Not far from the Spanish Steps is the Villa Borghese Museum of Art, which displays the works of Leonardo da Vinci, Rubens, Raphael, Titian.

No less popular city attractions are the Arch of Constantine (first mentioned in 315), whose height reaches 21 meters, the Castel Sant'Angelo (II century) with its luxurious armory, and St. Peter's Cathedral (16th century). And don't forget to visit the smallest state in the world - the Vatican.

Nutrition

In Rome, both fast and inexpensive food lovers, and gourmets will find establishments to their liking. The most famous Roman restaurant is Agata e Romeo, where you will be offered completely unique dishes: rabbit with spices, caramel-glazed tomatoes, cucumber sorbet and a rather large list of culinary exotics. Il Convivio restaurant offers its visitors a unique menu, where you can taste exotic meat dishes and desserts, ricotta and pumpkin flowers with filling, as well as get acquainted with the restaurant's richest wine list.

Classic home cooking can be enjoyed at the Spinosi Alberto restaurant. Specialties include traditional homemade cakes and fish prepared according to an ancient recipe.

Vegetarians will fall in love with Margutta Vegetariano-RistorArte, which features live music on weekends. Seafood lovers should visit La Rosetta restaurant and order fish platter there. The menu of the family restaurant Vicolo delle Grotte is European cuisine. The La Taverna del Ghetto restaurant serves the best of traditional Italian cuisine.

The Gusto restaurant is divided into a pizzeria and a European restaurant. And at the Glass Hostaria restaurant you will enjoy not only excellent Italian cuisine but also with an interesting modern design.

Accommodation

The cost of living in hotels in Rome has been one of the highest in Europe for many years. But believe me, in Rome the price will justify the quality. Many hotels here are created on the basis of a former ancient castle or mansion, which gives a certain zest to the stay. An interesting fact is that the prices in hotels in Italy are set by the state.

The most popular hotels in Rome are Archimede 3 *, Polo 4 *, Savoy 4 * and Majestic 5 *.

Entertainment and recreation

The capital of Italy will appeal to both shopaholics and lovers of nightlife, and curious fans of excursions, and lovers of natural beauty.

The most famous club in the city is Gilda. The nightclub Piazza Siena Art Café often hosts music concerts, various presentations and fashion shows, and in the afternoon - movie lunches, when you can dine with a good movie. In the Chiariti Café you can enjoy aromatic coffee during the day and jazz and blues in the evening.

The Escopazzo Club boasts its own bar with highly original cocktails and snacks. A wide variety of parties are held at the Alien Club. Great music, interior and great conditions for relaxation await you at the Piper and Radio Londra clubs.

Purchases

The main shopping street Rome is considered to be the central street Via del Corso, which runs through the entire center and consists entirely of shops.

The boutique streets are Via Condotti, Frattina, Sistina, Borgognona and Gregoriana. There you can buy the latest models of clothing, footwear and accessories from leading European designers. It is full of showcases of the world famous brands Dolce & Gabbana, Armani, Gucci, Valentine, Trussardi, Giantranco Ferre, Rocco Barocco, Laura Biagiotti and many others.

For more economical shopping, we recommend heading to the Via Nazionale area or the already mentioned Via del Corso. Here, next to the boutiques, there are more modest stores with affordable prices for everyone, and the quality of the goods in them is quite decent.

The large department stores Coin, La Standa, La Rinascenta and Upini are very popular with Romans and tourists. But it is still cheaper to shop in small private shops, most of them are located in the Termini station area.

Transport

You can get around Rome by public transport: metro, tram or bus. There is also an "undecided trolleybus" in Rome - it travels part of the route like a trolleybus on wires, and the other part like a bus, having lowered the "horns".

The Roman Metro was opened in 1955 and today it has two lines. It is planned to build two more lines, but so far archaeological excavations do not allow this.

All urban public transport is owned by one company, therefore, uniform tickets are valid for all types of transport. They can be purchased at the metro ticket offices, newspaper and tobacco kiosks, as well as vending machines at bus stops. When entering a bus or tram, do not forget to validate your ticket. If the composter does not work, write the date and time of boarding on the ticket with a pen. Try to buy your pass in advance, as drivers don't always sell them.

In Rome, a one-trip ticket for up to 75 minutes costs 1 euro, and you can have time to ride several routes during this time (changing, for example, a bus to a tram). In Rome, you can buy tickets for one day, three days and a week. They cost 4.1 euros, 11 euros and 16 euros, respectively. There are travel cards for a longer period of time, but for this you will have to issue a special certificate. Students of European universities enjoy discounted fares.

Don't be surprised if the taxi driver doesn't stop at your wave of the hand. The fact is that in Rome taxi drivers stop only in specially designated places. So you will have to look for their stop.

Connection

The capital of Italy, the country with the most developed mobile communications, also has a good coverage of the telephone network. There are four mobile operators operating in the country: TIM, Tre, Vodafone and I WIND. The cost of the services provided is almost the same, regardless of the operator. Only special promotions and offers can influence the choice. You can buy a SIM card at the office of a communications company representative, at a post office or even in a regular store. Prepaid cards are also sold there. The card seller can give you good advice on choosing an operator.

You can use a regular landline phone not only from a hotel or bar, but also from a street phone booth. For such a call, you will also need a prepaid card, but of a different type. It is quite easy to buy it in the city: in most shops and kiosks. It is most profitable to make international calls on weekdays from 22:00 to 8:00 and during Sunday, this time is preferential.

There are many internet cafes in Rome, as well as free hotspots in various in public places... On some maps of the city, such places are marked.

Security

Rome is considered a very safe city, and tourists rarely get into trouble here. You can safely walk in the historical part of Rome both day and night. But still, don't be completely careless - don't forget about the elementary rules of caution.

The greatest danger is posed by pickpockets and shippators (moped thieves) who rip bags off passers-by on the go. You can come across such robbers in the Termini station area and other crowded places: at the Colosseum, on the Spanish Steps, at the Trevi Fountain. They act very professionally - you definitely won't be able to react in time. Their objects are handbags, cameras, camcorders. Try to hold or hang such things in front, and not on the shoulder.

Pickpockets, on the other hand, take out wallets, take off watches and jewelry. Therefore, try to leave your valuables at the hotel. In addition, pickpockets are often hunted in public transport, and the most popular routes are buses 40 and 64, which run from St. Peter's Basilica to Termini Station.

Also, do not forget your bags on car seats - this is a very big temptation for street thieves.

Beware of the little gypsies, they were also taught to work professionally. While some will distract you, others will quickly "rob" you.

Business climate

Rome is home to two of the largest exhibition centers: Fiera di Roma and Nuova Fiera.

The most important and oldest in Rome is the Fiera di Roma exhibition center. It hosts various exhibitions, forums, business meetings, seminars, conferences and presentations on a national and international scale.

The Nuova Fiera exhibition center was built relatively recently. It became one of the main exhibition centers not only in Italy, but also in Europe, Nuova Fiera quickly reached the world level. The exhibition center has an area of ​​186,000 square meters, located a couple of kilometers from the center of Rome.

Real estate

Real estate in Rome is similar to that in most European capitals. There are pluses and minuses here. The disadvantages can be safely attributed to the low level of profitability from investments in Roman real estate, a high level of gas pollution in the Italian capital, as well as the difficult economic situation in Italy (growing unemployment and a decrease in GDP per capita). Do not forget that Rome is landlocked, and this significantly limits the tourism sector.

Despite such prerequisites for the absence of investments and transactions in general, the real estate market in Rome has remained attractive to investors for many decades. Rome is one of the world's oldest capitals and combines the cultures of several eras. Housing in the central part of the city is very rarely put up for sale, and if such an event happens, then the demand for it is extremely high. He, as they say, is snapped up like hot cakes. In the center of Rome, there have been no building sites for a long time. In the entire city, new housing is built extremely rarely, so transactions are more often made with old housing stock.

We recommend tourists to move around the city on foot, since the sights of Rome are literally at every step. At the same time, it will not be superfluous to have a phrasebook with you, since the locals are not doing very well with foreign languages. It is better to change currency in large banks or in a hotel.

If you are going on an excursion to the Vatican, wear closed clothes - no short skirts or shorts and tops with a deep neckline and short sleeves. And if you are going to the catacombs of St. Callistus, dress warmly, because the maximum temperature there is + 15 ° C.

In cafes and restaurants, it is customary to leave a tip in the amount of 10% of the total order.

Most government offices and shops are closed for lunch between 13:00 and 16:00.

Rome occupies a special place among European capitals. It is a symbolic city, a city of origin, where Western civilization was born. The mighty Roman Empire, which conquered the entire Mediterranean, began here - on the banks of the Tiber River. The historical and cultural heritage of Rome is priceless, with architectural and cultural masterpieces waiting for tourists at every step.

Rome is the legendary Colosseum and treasures of museums, the historic ruins of the Capitol and the magnificent facades of baroque villas. The entire city can be viewed as an open-air museum; its streets and squares are home to the history of three thousand years of the development of civilization, thought, art and culture.

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What to see and where to go in Rome?

The most interesting and Beautiful places for walking. Photos and a short description.

1. Colosseum

The main arena of Ancient Rome, a theater for gladiatorial fights, persecution of captives by wild animals and other equally bloody performances of the annual Games of the capital of the Empire. In honor of the opening of the Colosseum in 80 AD. the Great Games were arranged, which lasted more than 3 months. The ancient stones of the Arena still remember gladiators killed for the amusement of the public and slaves torn to pieces for the pleasure of slaves from the captured provinces.

2. Pantheon

Construction of the 2nd century BC, "temple of all gods" in translation from Greek. The Pantheon was created during the heyday of ancient Roman architecture. For many centuries, pagan gods were worshiped under the dome of the building, until at the beginning of the 7th century the Pantheon was turned into a Christian temple. The building has survived to this day in good condition thanks to numerous restorations that began before our era.

3. Vatican

City-state, stronghold and main bastion of the Catholic Church, the seat of the Pope. In total, about 800 people are citizens of the Vatican, mainly priests and church officials. The Vatican is renowned for its museums, which house outstanding collections of painting, sculpture and applied arts. This is the real treasury of humanity. Also, tourists are attracted by the main Catholic church - St. Peter's Cathedral.

4. Cathedral and St. Peter's Square

St. Peter's Cathedral is the spiritual center of the Catholic branch of Christianity. The Pope himself holds celebratory masses here. The temple was built on the site of the former circus of Nero in the 4th century. At first it was a small basilica where the relics of the Apostle Peter were kept. In the 15th century, it was rebuilt into a grandiose building. Raphael, Michelangelo, Peruzzi, Maderno and others worked on the Cathedral of St. Peter. In front of the temple is a wide square with a colonnade of 284 Doric columns.

5. Vatican Museums

Museum collections were collected at different times by the popes. They were founded in the 16th century by Pope Julius II. An extensive exhibition of paintings from the 11th - 19th centuries is collected in the Vatican's Pinacoteca. You can get acquainted with tapestries and frescoes by the great masters by visiting the Sistine Chapel and Raphael's Stanzas. Antique statues, sarcophagi from Ancient Rome are presented in the Chiaramonti and Pio Cristiano museums. The history of religions around the world is described by exhibits at the Ethnological Missionary Museum. The history of the Vatican is presented in the Historical Museum. The Vatican Library contains over one and a half million books. The visit is open daily except Sundays and Catholic holidays.

6. Vittoriano

Memorable architectural complex XVIII-XIX centuries in honor of King Victor Emmanuel - the first ruler of a united Italy. On the site in front of the monumental palace, the Eternal Flame is burning and an honor guard is on duty. The inhabitants of Rome do not really like this bulk of white marble, as they believe that it does not fit into the architecture of the city. Some Romans call Vittoriano a ridiculous "wedding cake".

7. Trastevere

A vibrant and colorful Roman quarter across the Tiber River. Here in the 18th century BC. the Etruscan tribe settled, from which the history of the Eternal City began. In the era of the Empire, there were luxurious patrician villas here. Many buildings and residential buildings in the area are many hundreds of years old, so they look very authentic and attractive to tourists. People continue to live in dilapidated houses.

8. Piazza Navona

Oval square in the central part of Rome, located on the site of the former circus of Domitian. Since the 16th century, ambassadors, cardinals, bankers and other wealthy members of society began to settle in this area. From the 15th century to the middle of the 19th century, there was a market here. In the middle of the square is the Fountain of the Four Rivers, a sculptural group with deep symbolic meaning. In the middle of the composition there is an obelisk symbolizing the power of the Pope. Around the obelisk there are sculptures representing the rivers of four continents.

9. Piazza del Popolo

Freely translated into Italian, the name of this place sounds like "People's Square". Piazza del Popolo played an important role in the life of Rome, as the road to the northern provinces began from here. The square is decorated with the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo and the Egyptian obelisk of Ramses II. The piazza got its modern look at the beginning of the 19th century; the architect D. Valadier worked on it.

10. Castel Sant'Angelo

The construction began in the era of the Roman Empire in the II century A.D. During its existence, it served as a papal dwelling, a prison, a warehouse and even a burial vault. Nowadays, the military history museum is located in the fortress. The castle got its name in the 6th century A.D. after the image of the Archangel Michael appeared to Pope Gregory. Directly from the castle, a picturesque bridge is thrown across the Tiber River, which was built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. On the bridge it was possible to get to the Field of Mars by the shortest route.

11. Roman Forum

The very heart of Ancient Rome, where important state and social events took place - the fate of laws was decided, consuls were elected, the triumphs of emperors after victorious wars took place. After the fall of the Empire, the forum was destroyed and ruined, and time did its job, so only fragments have survived to this day. The remains of the forum are included in the protected archaeological area, where an open-air museum operates.

12. Trajan's Forum

The forum appeared at the turn of the 2nd-1st centuries. BC. In those days, it was a large square, surrounded by a market, the temple of Emperor Trajan, Greek and Latin libraries. Trajan's 38-meter column made of Carrara marble has survived to this day. Inside the column is the tomb of the emperor himself and his wife. Trajan's Forum is the last of its kind to be built in Rome.

13. Baths of Caracalla

Remains of ancient Roman baths on the Appian Way. The culture of visiting the baths was well developed in the Roman Empire. People came here to chat, learn the latest news or conduct business negotiations. Baths of Caracalla were built in the 3rd century AD. under Emperor Septimius Bassian Caracalla. Already in the 5th century A.D. this architectural complex has come to be considered a real wonder of the world. In addition to baths and pools, there was a library here.

14. Arch of Constantine

The Triumphal Arch, erected by Emperor Constantine in honor of the victory in the civil war over the troops of his rival Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius. It was under Constantine that Christianity became the official religion (the ruler believed that God himself helped him to come to power), the capital of the Empire was transferred to Constantinople, and Rome gradually began to lose its former power and decline.

15. Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano

One of the oldest Christian churches, the first temple in Rome. In the church hierarchy, she is above all others, even above St. Peter's Basilica. Catholic hierarchs gave her the title of "basilica major", that is, "senior". She is recognized as "the head and mother of all churches." The temple appeared during the reign of Constantine under Pope Sylvester I in the 4th century AD. Six popes are buried in the basilica and the relics of the apostles St. Paul and St. Peter are kept.

16. San Paolo Fuori le Mura

Temple of the IV century AD, erected on the burial place of the Apostle St. Peter, who was executed at the behest of the Emperor Nero in the 1st century AD. The building was rebuilt several times under the emperors Theodosius I and Valentian II. Almost every Catholic Pope tried to add something of his own to the temple complex, so over time, San Paolo Fuori le Mura expanded in size and grew with new extensions.

17. Santa Maria Maggiore

One of the four main Catholic churches in Rome. It has a very high status in the church rank of cathedrals (the highest status was given to the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano). The foundation stone of Santa Maria Maggiore was laid in the middle of the 4th century. In the XIV century, a 75-meter bell tower appeared near the church. The façade that has survived to this day is a mixture of Romanesque and Baroque styles.

18. Il-Jezu Church

The main Jesuit temple in Rome, where Grand Master Ignatius Loyola is buried. The first project of the temple was developed by Michelangelo, but the head of the order did not like it. In 1561, another architect, Giacomo Barozzi, began construction according to his plan. Until the abolition of the Jesuit Order at the end of the 18th century, considerable wealth was kept in the Ile-Jezu Church. The church building itself was taken away from the organization. Only after 1814 it was returned back.

19. Basilica of St. Clement

Unique archaeological site... The church has three levels. The lowest one was discovered in the 19th century and is a building of the 1st century AD. Frescoes and the remains of decor have been preserved here. The second level is the early Christian church of the 4th century. The upper level is a 12th century basilica, with a baroque façade, an atrium and a fountain inside. The interior decoration is rich, the walls are painted with frescoes of the 18th century.

20. San Pietro in Vincoli

The name of the church is translated as "St. Peter in chains". It is located on the square of the same name and was founded in the 5th century as a place for keeping the chains with which the holy apostle was bound. Here is the tomb of Pope Julius II, designed by Michelangelo. The famous sculpture "Moses" is rightfully considered one of the main decorations of the tomb. The artist Antonio Polaiolo is also buried in the church.

21. Church of Sant'Ignazio

The iconic building of the Jesuit Order in the Baroque style was built in 1626. It is located in Ignatius Layola Square and is dedicated to this saint who founded the order (he served as a prototype for Don Quixote). The church consists of many chapels, decorated with columns, arches and three-dimensional stucco. Numerous frescoes tell about the life of Saint Ignatius. The flat ceiling is frescoed to create the illusion of a domed structure.

22. Santa Maria in Trastevere

Supposedly, this church was the first Christian temple in Rome. Its foundation dates back to the 3rd century AD. It is located in the square of the same name in the Trastevere area. The building is rightfully considered a pearl of medieval architecture: the facade with arches and columns is decorated with colorful mosaics of the 12th century. Inside, the church is arranged according to the principle of a classical basilica. In addition to the Catholic ones, Christian icons are also kept here.

23. Capitoline Museum

The world's first museum was founded in 1471, when Pope Sixtus IV donated a collection of antique bronze to the inhabitants of Rome. It is located in Capitoline Square, designed by Michelangelo, in three palaces. An exposition of classical sculpture is presented in the New Palace. In the Palace of the Conservatives there are world famous ancient statues, a collection of paintings from the Renaissance, a collection of coins. The main part of the Palace of the Senators is occupied by the City Hall of Rome, the first floor is reserved for the museum.

24. National Museum of Rome

It is a museum complex located in four buildings. Palazzo Massimo houses exhibitions of ancient Roman jewelry, coins, as well as sarcophagi, frescoes and mosaics. Palazzo Altemps bears the name of its first owner, Cardinal Altemps. It displays his personal art collection, as well as a collection of antique sculptures and an Egyptian display. Crypt Balbi contains ancient Roman artifacts found during excavations. The building of Thermal Deoclitsiana itself is already a unique architectural monument. Various exhibitions are held here, there is also a permanent exhibition of ancient sculptures, manuscripts and archaeological finds.

25.Doria Pamphilj Gallery

A private collection is exhibited in Palazzo Doria Pamphilj, on one of the main streets of old Rome. They began to collect it in 1651. The palace is the largest private palace in the city. The most widely represented are paintings by Italian painters of the 17th century. Interesting gallery sculptures, a rich collection of antique furniture and fabrics. In total, more than 500 copies are presented here, in six main halls.

26. Rome Opera House

The first name is the Konstanzi Theater, after the name of its founder. The opening of the theater took place in 1880; in the 20th century, the building was acquired by the city authorities, and was partially rebuilt twice. World premieres of great composers took place on this stage, the best voices of the world performed. Currently, both opera and ballet performances and concerts are held here. The theater has a ballet school.

27. Museum and crypt of the Capuchins

Santa Maria della Canchezione is a small Roman church with a modest façade. However, the place is attractive to tourists. Here is buried the Roman cardinal Antonio Barberini, a member of the Capuchin order. The burial place of monks is located under the church, the walls of the crypt are decorated with bones and skulls of more than 4,000 thousand who died from 1528 to 1780. Since 2012, a Capuchin Museum has been organized here: exhibits tell about the history, traditions and secrets of the ancient Order.

28. Catacombs of Rome

Numerous underground galleries and labyrinths that lie beneath the surface of Rome. Many pre-Christian burials have been discovered here, but the foundations of part of the underground passages were created in the era of early Christianity. The first companions of Jesus were hiding in these dungeons. Here they conducted religious rituals, meetings, prayers without the danger of being discovered and caught.

29. Pyramid of Cestius

It is believed that the structure was erected in the 1st century BC. It served for burial purposes - here is the tomb of the praetor Gaius Cestius Epulus. The construction took place during the period of the conquest of Egypt, when the fashion for the "Egyptian style" appeared in Ancient Rome. At that time, obelisks, sculptures and other monuments were being taken out of the Nile Valley. The Cestius pyramid reaches 37 meters in height and almost 30 meters in width.

30. Circus Maximus

Antique hippodrome between the Palatine and Aventine hills. During the Roman era, chariot races were held here. Under Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar, the circus was rebuilt and grew to a fairly large size. More than 250 thousand people could watch the show at the same time. In the spectator sector, boxes for patricians and standing places for plebeians were equipped.

31. Appian Way

One of the most important roads of the Roman Empire, which led from the Eternal City to the south of the Apennine Peninsula. The total length of the path is more than 500 km. The construction of the road began in the 4th century. Due to the excellent quality of the masonry of the pavement, the Appian Way made it possible to quickly reach places remote from the capital or transfer troops in a fairly short time. The roadbed has survived to this day in very good condition.

32. Villa Borghese

A 16th century palace built for Cardinal Scipione Borghese on the site of a former vineyard. The building is surrounded by a huge English-style park with numerous antique statues. On the territory there is a hippodrome, a zoo, a theater and several museums. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the mansion with the park belonged to the Borghese family, then all the property was transferred to the state.

33. Villa Medici

It is located on the slope of the Pincho Hill in the former Lucullus Gardens. In the middle of the 16th century, the area near the hill became the possession of the Medici Cardinal, who built a villa here for his family. After the extinction of the Medici dynasty, the house and adjacent lands were transferred to the Lorraine family. The Medici Cardinal acquired many works of antique art to decorate the villa. Some examples can be admired in the Uffizi Gallery.

34. Spanish Steps

Italian baroque staircase in the center of Rome. It is recognized as one of the most picturesque in Europe. The staircase starts at the Plaza de España and leads to the Pincho hill. The Plaza de España itself is a very expressive place where it is always pleasant to stroll among the flowering flower beds. In the 17th century, the Spanish embassy was located here. As a sign of good relations between the two countries, the piazza was named after Spain.

35. Trevi Fountain

The most famous Roman fountain of the 18th century, where every guest of the city is simply obliged to throw a coin for good luck. Several thousand euros worth of coins are thrown in a week. All money is donated to a charitable foundation. The sculptural composition of the fountain consists of the figure of the sea god Neptune on a chariot and his companions. 16 architects fought for the right to work on the construction of the fountain.

Rome (Italy) - the most detailed information about the city with photos and videos. The best sights of Rome with descriptions, guides and maps.

City of Rome (Italy)

Rome is the capital of Italy and the Lazio region, one of the most beautiful and interesting cities in the world, which is often called "Eternal". Located on the legendary seven hills on the Tiber River, about 25 km from the Tyrrhenian Sea coast. Rome is the cradle of a great civilization and the center of one of the greatest empires in human history. This is a city that has absorbed millennia of history, which has experienced an amazing heyday and a loud fall. Rome is an amazing concentration of antiquities and great ancient buildings, sacred monuments and charming streets, with smooth cobbled stones, polished with millions of feet. This city cannot be covered in a short period of time, and a whole book will be needed to list all its attractions.

The historic center of Rome is included in the list of objects World heritage UNESCO. Here you can touch the period of Antiquity and see the buildings that saw the flourishing of a mighty empire: the famous Forum, the legendary Colosseum, the ancient Pantheon and many other grandiose ruins. Also Rome is a cozy street cafes and trattorias, famous squares and fountains, palaces and gardens. In addition, the Vatican is located here - a dwarf state and center of the Catholic faith with magnificent museums and the huge cathedral of St. Peter, which is a masterpiece of sacred architecture.

Rome has many epithets. The most famous are the "eternal city" and "the city on seven hills". Rome began to be called eternal in Antiquity. The city carried this epithet through the millennia, despite the fall of the mighty Roman Empire. Rome is called "City on Seven Hills" because historically it is located on seven hills: Palatine, Capitol, Quirinal, Celius, Aventine, Esquiline and Viminal. The Palantin Hill was settled first, then the Capitol and Quirinal.

Founding of Rome

Founding of Rome by famous legend connected with the brothers Romulus and Remus. They grew up on the banks of the Tiber at the foot of the Palatine, fed by a she-wolf. It was they who founded the settlement here. Then a quarrel arose between the brothers. Romulus killed Remus, becoming the first king of Rome. He also founded a fortified settlement on the Palatine Hill.

Geography and climate

Rome is located in central Italy between the Apennine Mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea. The historic city center is spread over seven hills.

The climate of Rome is subtropical Mediterranean. Spring is a relatively mild and rainy season. Usually cool until mid-April. It can be hot in May. Summers are hot and dry. Autumn is warm and humid, sunny days alternate with rains, which are gradually becoming more frequent.

Rome in the snow is a very rare phenomenon

Winter, from December to February, is quite mild, given that average temperature in January it is about 7.5 ° C. Frosts are possible at night. February is usually more like spring.

Practical information

1. Population - 2.9 million people (agglomeration 4.6 million). In terms of population, Rome is the 4th city in the EU.
2. The area is 1.3 thousand square kilometers.
3. Language - Italian.
4. Currency - Euro.
5. Visa - Schengen.
6. Time - Central European UTC +1, in summer +2.

Districts

• The modern center is the Veneto, Republic and Barberini squares, the Trevi fountain and the vicinity of Quirinal. There are many restaurants and shops here.
• Old town - Renaissance squares, Piazza Navona, Pantheon.
• Colosseum - oldest place Rome, Capitoline Hill, which houses the legendary amphitheater, Forum, ancient ruins and many museums.
• The Vatican is the Catholic capital of the world: museums, cathedral and St. Peter, the castle of St. Angela.
• North Center - Spanish Steps and Villa Borghese.
• Trastevere is a charming area south of the Vatican, on west bank The Tiber, an area of ​​narrow cobbled streets and cozy squares, which has served as a source of inspiration for creative people.

Administrative division of Rome

Rome is divided into 19 municipi, 22 historic districts, 35 neighborhoods, 6 suburbs and 53 zones.

Best time to visit

Rome can be visited practically all year round... The only thing is that it is very hot in the city in summer. Some establishments close at the end of July and August. Therefore, if you do not like the heat, it is better to come to Rome at a different time.

History

The history of Rome is rich and unique, so to tell it you will need to write an entire book. Here we will restrict ourselves to listing the main historical figures and events.

The rise of Rome began in Antiquity, during the royal period. By tradition, there are seven kings. Romulus was the first. At this time, the first temples appeared in Rome (the Temple of Vesta and the Temple of Janus), the famous Servius wall was built.

Rome in Antiquity

After the Tsarist period, Rome became a Republic. Then began a significant expansion of the Roman state and the strengthening of its power: roads were laid, magnificent temples and palaces were built. Culture, crafts, architecture, art developed. The Roman Republic becomes very powerful, and Rome becomes the center of the Ecumene. Central square became the famous Forum, the ruins of which can now be seen. The growth of the state accompanied the change in Rome, which began to expand rapidly, new buildings and structures were erected.

Roman Forum - the center of ancient Rome

The imperial period of Rome is closely associated with the personality of Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar erects a new Senate building, creates a new territory for public buildings on the Champ de Mars. During this period, the power of the Roman Empire increased.

During the reign of Emperor Nero, the city suffered from a severe fire. After him, Rome was rebuilt anew.

The decline of Rome coincided with the fall of the Roman Empire. In the 5th century, the city was plundered by the Visigoths and Vandals.

At the beginning and middle of the 6th century, in the war of Byzantium with the Ostrogoths, Rome passed from hand to hand six times. At this time, the city's population decreased to 30-40 thousand people. Once the greatest city on Earth has fallen into disrepair. The magnificent buildings were slowly destroyed and plundered.

This is followed by the period of Papal rule in Rome. With its rise, the Vatican Hill with the Church of St. Peter. At this time, the old building is easily destroyed. Only those buildings that were used by the local nobility or the Church have survived.

At the beginning of the 16th century, Rome was again plundered.

In modern times, the city has again become a Republic. Napoleon abolished the Papal State, although after his defeat the Pope's authority was restored.

In 1870, the troops of the Italian kingdom occupied Rome and it became the capital of the kingdom.

During the Second World War, Rome escaped serious destruction, although it was subjected to German occupation.

How to get there

Rome has a modern international airport- Fiumicino, which links the capital of Italy with the majority major cities Europe and the world.

Almost in the center of Rome there is the main railway junction of the city - Termini station, from which you can get anywhere in Italy.

Public transport Rome is represented by three metro lines, trams and buses. Suburban communication is very well developed. Tickets can be bought at tobacco kiosks and public terminals. A single ticket costs 1.5 euros and is valid for one trip for 100 minutes.

Shopping and shopping

Rome - perfect place for shopping. Brand stores can be found in the Calle del Corso area. Cheaper shops are in via del Tritone, Campo de Fiori and the Pantheon area. If you need a large shopping mall, that is:

• Euroma2 - 230 shops and restaurants. Line B "EUR Fermi" or "EUR Palasport".
• Cinecittà Due

Food and drink

Italy is famous for its cuisine: lasagna, pizza, pasta and many other dishes are delicious. Rome has a huge selection of restaurants and cafes. But the main advice is to avoid tourist places... The food in them is often more expensive and not as good. Step aside a little, take a closer look - are Italians sitting in the institution. It is there that you can enjoy real Italian cuisine. From my experience of Roman tours, I can say that the most delicious food in Rome is in the area of ​​Campo de Fiori and Trastevere. Of the drinks, wine is preferred, which is simply excellent here and even in restaurants is not very expensive. Also be sure to try the gelato (ice cream).

sights

There are a lot of attractions in Rome. Probably, the number of monuments of history, culture and architecture here is the largest per square meter. To explore at least the main sights of Rome, you need to spend more than one day, but to explore this ancient city completely - you need to come here several times.

Or the Flavian amphitheater - a symbol of the greatness of ancient Rome and the pride of the present. It is one of the most famous landmarks in the world, visited by 6 million tourists annually. The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater of Antiquity, which could seat about 50,000 spectators. Surprisingly, this grandiose structure was built in just 8 years. The construction of the amphitheater was started in 72 and completed in 80. The Colosseum has been in use for over 500 years. It hosted gladiator fights, executions, exhibitions of exotic animals. Despite the earthquakes, looting and even bombing, the Colosseum still makes a strong impression.

Interesting Colosseum Facts:

• In the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of Rome used travertine, from which the amphitheater was built, for the construction of churches, houses and roads. Therefore, it can be called a miracle that the Colosseum has survived at all.
• The original name "Flavian Amphitheater" was changed in the Middle Ages. The name comes from the Latin word for "colossal".
• The opening of the Colosseum was accompanied by 100 day games, which killed about 2,000 gladiators.
• The original amphitheater had a rich marble exterior.
• In order to protect the spectators in the stands from the sun, a special canvas was pulled.
• Cages with animals and gladiators were under the arena.

One of the oldest places in Rome, the center of the city's political and religious life. These legendary ruins are located between the Colosseum and Piazza Venezia. After the fall of the empire, the Forum was forgotten, plundered and buried underground. Excavations were carried out only at the beginning of the 20th century.

In addition to the large number of temples that are located at the Forum (Saturn, Venus, Romulus, Vesta, etc.), it is worth paying special attention to the following structures:

• Via Sacra - the main street in ancient Rome, which connected the Piazza del Campidoglio with the Colosseum.
• Arch of Titus is a triumphal arch dedicated to the victory over the Jews. It was built after the death of Emperor Titus.
• Arch of Septimius Severus, built in 203 AD to commemorate the third anniversary of Severus' tenure as emperor.
• The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, built in the second century, stands out as the best-preserved temple in the Roman Forum.
• Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine - This was one of the most important buildings of the Roman Forum.
• The Curia is the Senate building founded by Julius Caesar.
• The Phoca Column is over 13 meters high, created in 608 AD in honor of the Byzantine emperor.

Trevi Fountain - the largest and beautiful fountain Rome. It was built at the end point of an ancient aqueduct. The final appearance of Trevi dates back to 1762, when, after many years of work on it by Nicolo Salvi, it was finalized by Giuseppe Pannini.

It is one of the greatest domed structures in the world and one of the best preserved structures of Antiquity. It was built between 25-27 AD. Consul Mark Vipsanias Agrippa, son-in-law of Emperor Augustus. After several fires, it was rebuilt in 126 AD. under the emperor Hadrian, who ordered the following lines to be stamped on the facade - "M. AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT", which is translated from Latin as "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, elected consul, erected this".

In 609, the Pantheon was consecrated as a Christian temple. This event made it possible to preserve this unique building almost intact.

The Pantheon is a true masterpiece of ancient Roman architecture and engineering. Structurally, it is a concrete-brick rotunda with a giant 43-meter dome. It is believed that earlier the dome was decorated with golden rosettes, similar to stars, but no precise evidence of this has been found.

The Palatine Hill is located fifty meters from the Forum. This is the oldest place in Rome. It is believed that the Italian capital was founded precisely on the Palatine. During the Republican period, the Roman nobility settled on the Palatine Hill and built luxurious palaces.

On the Palatine Hill, you can see hundreds of ruins of imposing buildings that were created for the noble Romans in ancient times. Of these, deserve special attention:

• House of Flavia (Domus Flavia) - a magnificent palace, built in 81 BC by order of the Emperor Domitian as his state and official residence.
• House of Libya is a rather modest house that was built in the 1st century BC. It is one of the best preserved buildings on the Palatine Hill. Remnants of mosaics and frescoes that once adorned ceilings and walls can still be seen.
• House of Augustus is the residence of Octavian Augustus, which still has most of the valuable and colorful frescoes that adorned its walls.
• Farnese Gardens - Designed in the mid-16th century on the ruins of Tiberius' Palace. The Farnese Gardens were one of the first botanical gardens in Europe.
• Domitian's hippodrome - it is not known for sure whether this was a racing stadium or was simply used as a garden.
• Palatine Museum - This small museum displays rarities found during excavations on the Palatine Hill. The exhibitions contain sculptures, frescoes, mosaics and other items.

Arch of Constantine is the most beautiful, largest and well-preserved of the ancient triumphal arches of Rome. Built at the beginning of the 4th century AD. and is dedicated to the victory of Emperor Constantine over Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The arch has three doors and is made of marble. Decorated with inscriptions and bas-reliefs.

Piazza Navona is one of the most famous squares in Rome, often referred to as the "Square of the Three Fountains". It was formed at the end of the 15th century and retains the shape of the Domitian stadium, which stood here in Antiquity. The stadium was built in 86 AD and was larger than the Colosseum. The stadium was mainly used for festivals and sporting events. The buildings surrounding the square are built on the foundations of ancient tribunes. Today, Piazza Navona is one of the most popular places in the capital of Italy.

Fountain of the Moor at Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona is famous for its fountains:

• The Fountain of the Four Rivers is one of the most famous and beautiful fountains in Rome, built in the first half of the 17th century according to Bernini's design. It is interesting that he, like Trevi, takes water from the ancient aqueduct - Aqua Virgo. The fountain's sculptural composition symbolizes the four great rivers: Danube, Nile, Ganges and La Plata. The sculptures are made of white marble. The dominant feature of the sculptural group is the Egyptian obelisk (which was actually made during the reign of Emperor Domitian and decorated the circus on the Appian Way). The obelisk is over 16 meters high.
• The Moor Fountain is located in the southern part of the square. At first, the fountain had no sculptures. The sculpture of the Moor was made by Bernini in the 17th century, and in the 19th century - all the other sculptures.
• Fountain of Neptune occupies northern part area. Until the 19th century, he did not have a sculptural composition.

Directly opposite the Fountain of the Four Rivers is Sant Agnese in Agone, a beautiful 17th century Baroque church with two bell towers by Borromini. Although initially the architect was Rainaldi. The church has a lush and rich interior decoration. Dedicated to Saint Agnes - early Christian torment.

Plaza de España is one of the most charming squares in Rome. Its main attraction is the Baroque Spanish Steps, built in the 18th century, which leads to the top of the Pincio hill and the Trinita dei Monti church. At the foot of the stairs is a beautiful fountain called Barcaccia.

Climbing the Spanish Steps, you can see the ancient Roman obelisk of Sallust, built during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. It is a copy of the ancient Egyptian obelisks scattered throughout Rome. At the top of the Pincio hill is also the Trinita dei Monti church, built in the 16th century in the Italian Renaissance style.

The Altar of the Fatherland (Vittoriano) is one of the most controversial sights of the Italian capital, located in Piazza Venezia. The building was built at the beginning of the 20th century and is dedicated to Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy. Inside there is a museum - Risorgimento. The colossal monument is 135 meters long and 70 meters high. Vittoriano is made up of many stately Corinthian columns and staircases that are carved in white marble. In the center there is an equestrian sculpture of Victor Emmanuel made of bronze.

From Vittoriano you can walk along Via del Teatro di Marcello to the Cordonata - the majestic staircase to the Capitoline Square, designed by the great Michelangelo in the 16th century. In the corner of the square is the famous Capitoline she-wolf - a small bronze sculpture. The sculpture depicts a she-wolf who feeds the babies Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, with her milk.

The Castle of Saint Angel or Hadrian's Mausoleum is a monumental structure on the right bank of the Tiber in Hadrian's Park. It is a tall fortified cylindrical building. The history of this building begins in the first half of the 2nd century AD. Emperor Hadrian (who rebuilt literally a third of Rome) conceived it as a tomb for himself and his family members. The mausoleum was completed after his death. It housed the funerary urns of Adrian and Septimius Severus. The last buried in it was Caracalla. During the era of the Papacy, there was a fortress and a prison here. Currently, Castel Sant'Angelo is one of the most visited museums in Rome. The castle can be accessed via the bridge of St. Angela is pedestrian bridge across the Tiber, decorated with statues of St. Peter and Paul and ten angels.

In 1277, an 800-meter fortified corridor was built that connected the castle with the Vatican, so that the pope could take refuge in the fortress in case of danger. This corridor was used only once - in 1527.

The Vatican is a miniature state within Rome, the center of the Catholic faith. If you are a connoisseur of art, be sure to visit Vatican museums... They contain hundreds of unique, most valuable creations, paintings, sculptures. The Vatican Museums are very popular with tourists, so there are usually long queues here. It is best, of course, to visit them as part of a group.

One of the main attractions of the Vatican is St. Peter's Cathedral - the largest Christian church in the world, the main Catholic church. This is the largest and most ambitious structure in the Vatican. The greatest masters of that time worked on the creation of the cathedral: Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini. The cathedral's capacity is about 60 thousand people. The interior of the cathedral amazes with the harmony of proportions and its huge dimensions. There are a lot of statues, altars, tombstones, works of art by outstanding masters. You can get to the cathedral absolutely free. Entrance from St. Peter.

Villa Borghese - largest park Rome and one of the largest urban parks in Europe. The state acquired the gardens of the Borghese family in 1901 and soon turned them into a park. Villa Borghese is an interesting combination of nature and art, a place where interesting architectural elements, sculptures, monuments and fountains are located, created at different times by famous painters and sculptors.

What's interesting you can see here:

• The Borghese Gallery is one of the most important museums in the Italian capital. It features paintings by artists such as Raphael, Titian and Caravaggio.
• The zoo contains over 1000 animals.
• 19th century Pincho water clock.

Trastevere is one of the most pleasant walking areas in Rome with a typically Italian atmosphere. This is one of best places for lunch or dinner in the Italian capital. A walk through the narrow cobbled green streets of Trastevere will reveal hidden treasures such as the humble medieval churches, small shops with the most unusual items or scenes from everyday life of the Romans.

Located on the “other side” of the Tiber, Trastevere, a medieval “working area”, is one of the most charming places in Rome. Delicious ice cream, the best biscuits in the city and excellent gastronomy attract not only tourists, but also Italians themselves. Although the area is just 15 minutes' walk from the historic center of Rome, it has a lively small-town vibe. Inhabitants of this popular quarter consider themselves to be real Romans. Here, in the labyrinth of narrow streets around Piazza Santa Maria, which is the heart of Trastevere, time seems to have stood still. After sunset, people flock to numerous restaurants, enlivening these streets until late at night.

The center of the area is Piazza Santa Maria, where you can see the ancient basilica and fountain.

The catacombs are an extensive network of underground burials of early Christians and Jews dating back to the 2nd-5th centuries. The catacombs were founded by Christians who did not accept the pagan customs of burning bodies. Therefore, to solve this problem, due to the lack of space and the high price of land in Rome, they decided to create these huge underground cemeteries. The catacombs have a huge number of underground passages that form real labyrinths several kilometers long, along which rows of rectangular burial niches were dug.

In Rome, there are more than sixty catacombs, consisting of hundreds of kilometers of underground passages, which contain thousands of tombs. Currently, only five of them are open to the public:

• Catacombs of San Sebastiano (Via Appia Antica, 136). These 12 kilometers long catacombs are dedicated to St. Sebastian. Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of San Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126). The network of passages is more than 20 kilometers long. The Tombs of San Callisto were the burial sites of 16 pontiffs and dozens of Christian martyrs. Opening hours - from Thursday to Tuesday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of Priscilla (Via Salaria, 430). They contain some of the frescoes of great importance for the history of art and the first images of the Virgin Mary. Opening hours: Sunday to Sunday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Domitilla Catacombs (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280). Discovered in 1593, these more than 15 kilometers long catacombs owe their name to Vespasian's granddaughter. Opening hours - Monday to Monday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.

Trajan's Market is located opposite the Forum. It was built between 100 and 110 AD and is considered the first covered "shopping center in Europe". The red brick and concrete complex had six levels with up to 150 different shops and apartments.

Baths of Caracalla - located near the Appian Way. They are among the largest and most impressive baths built in the Roman Empire. Bathing was a favorite pastime of the Romans, who regularly came here to maintain their hygiene, but also for social relations. In the vast area where the baths were located, the citizens of Rome could not only use public baths, but also devote their time to exercise, visit the library, walk in the gardens, or pray to the gods. The Baths of Caracalla, covered with marble and decorated with valuable works of art, were the most luxurious baths that were and will be built in ancient times.

Piazza del Popolo Popolo

Piazza del Popolo is a large oval square in northern Rome that has existed since the days of the Roman Empire. An important road leading to the north began here. Three churches border the square, but the main attraction is the obelisk from Ancient egypt... On the north side of the square are Porta del Popolo, which leads to Via Flaminia, the road that connects Rome with Adriatic coast.

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is a small basilica built in the Middle Ages that houses several Christian relics (for example, the skull of St. Valentine).

The Mouth of Truth is a huge marble mask that, according to legend, bites the hand of those who lied. Located in the portico of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.

Circus Maximus is the largest stadium in Rome, located between the Palatine and the Aventine. Was built for chariot racing. The stadium could accommodate up to 300,000 spectators. Today, the ruins of what was once Maximus' circus are barely preserved. Now there is only a huge terrace that follows the shape of the stadium. This often disappoints tourists who visit it, hoping to find at least ruins.

The Janiculum is a very pleasant place to walk away from the hustle and bustle of the city, as well as an excellent observation deck. Many call the Janiculum the eighth hills of Rome.

Aqua Paola Fountain is a monumental marble fountain created in the 17th century to celebrate the opening of the old Roman aqueduct.