Glossary of nautical words - nautical, yachting and boating terms. Glossary of nautical words - nautical, yachting and boating terms Ship name from word
AUTONOMY Duration of sailing without resupply.
AZIMUT (astronavigation) is the angle between the northern part of the plane of the true meridian of the observer and the vertical of the star.
AQUATORIA section of the water surface.
ANKEROK barrels without a tap for fresh water. A glass is suspended from the inside of the cork
ANTICYCLONE is an area of high atmospheric pressure with air movement around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (in the Southern Hemisphere - counterclockwise).
APSEL mizzen staysail on two-masted yachts (keeches, iols).
ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree of reinforcement, a structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.
OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa-type ships. 2. Shot of half-rails with a knock-on pivot on the hinge at the mast, to remove the braces from the shrouds. (see shot).
AHTERPIK is the extreme aft, non-living compartment of the yacht.
AHTERSTAG a tackle for standing rigging, which secures the mast from the top to the stern
Stern piece of the longitudinal set of the yacht's hull, vertically or inclined, fastened to the keel
BUTTERFLY is a method of carrying a sail on yachts with oblique sail rigging, when at full heading the bow sails are brought to the opposite side, in relation to the stern sails, to increase the speed and stability on the course of the yacht.
LHC - superstructure in the bow of the yacht. The foredeck is often referred to as a tank (see foredeck).
BAKAN (BAKEN) - a floating sign of the navigational situation, installed at anchor at the border of the fairway or navigational course, mainly on rivers.
BAX is a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.
BACKSTAG- 1. Heading when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Tackle for standing rigging, securing the mast to the side and to the stern; 3. For bowsprit - see water-backstays 180 *.
BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored vessel to secure (take on bakshtov) another vessel.
BALAST - cargo placed inside or outside the hull of the yacht to provide the necessary
BALLAST - cargo placed inside or outside the yacht's hull to provide the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (stacked in a case, poured into a false keel, etc.).
BALLER - a design with an axis of rotation or a shaft rigidly connected in the lower part with the rudder blade, and in the upper part with the tiller.
BALUN is a front, optional, full cut sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bending, drifter, reacher.
BALUSTER - a step in the form of a chiseled rail.
BANK - 1. Seat on small deckless boats, at the same time serving to spread the sides; 2. Separately located stranded limited size.
BANT - swallowing of the canvas sewn onto the sail with the aim of reinforcing it in the places where the reef eyelets are pierced.
BAR - 1. The unit of pressure. 2. Ramp-like alluvial sandbank in coastal areas.
BARBARA - additional stackey clew angle to the deck.
BARHOUT - thickened siding belt in the waterline area.
RUNNING RIGGING - tackle used for setting a movable spar and sails, as well as for managing them.
BEIDEWIND - a course when the angle between the yacht's centerline and wind direction is less than 90 *. Steep sidewind - if the angle is less than 45 *, full-more than 60 *.
BEYFOOT - 1. A ring made of leather sheathed cable or iron for attaching a yard or gaff to a mast or topmill; 2. Simple rax-yoke, if the boom (gaff) has a mustache.
BENZEL - bandaging two thick cables with a line or cable.
BERMUDA SAIL - a rectangular, triangular, oblique oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to go to the sidewind.
GINGERAGE - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto the mast or for working outside the yacht.
Mizzen - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.
MIZAN-MAST-to the stern mast on multi-mast sailboats, as well as on two-mast yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on yola, keech).
BIMS - underdeck beam of the yacht hull transverse set.
BITENG is a metal pedestal on the deck of a cruising yacht for attaching cables.
BLIND - straight sail, set on old sailing ships under the bowsprit.
BLINDOWS - a spacer pole for deflecting backstays.
BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axle and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of traction of the cable, chain.
BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied "sail, raised from the leeward of a spinnaker.
SIDES - small shots on the tank to carry out fore-tacks or shots on the tank to carry fore-tacks to the wind or on the poop to deflect and keep the braces from rubbing against the hull and rigging.
BON- fixed in place (to the coast, at anchor, behind the pala) floating, low-submerged structure with a deck, designed for mooring small vessels or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).
BORA is a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of the mountains by the sea.
BORG - a tackle of standing rigging, on which the lower rail hangs.
BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windgliding, etc.).
BOARD - the side wall (side) of the yacht's hull from the stem to the sternpost.
ONBOARD LIGHT- ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).
BOUT- reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sector overlay on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, rubbing, punching (stitching) eyelets, krengels, gats.
BRAM-WALL- a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topmast.
BRANDER SHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.
BRAS - tackle running rigging, fixed on the knock of a spinnaker pole or yarn and serves to turn them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.
WINDLASS- deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed to raise the anchor and haul out the ropes when mooring.
BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the cleats with the stem or sternpost.
BRIDEL - an anchor chain (cable) attached by the root end to the dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end to the harbor mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).
BREEZE is the wind in coastal areas, which changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between the surfaces of land and water (during the day - from sea to land, at night - from land to sea).
BRIFOK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, lifted on the front mast on a briefcase. Unlike the foresail, the briefs are not tied to the yard.
THROWING END - a light rope with a weight (lightness) at the end. With its help mooring lines are given.
BROCHING is a phenomenon of complete loss of controllability during tailwinds, when the yacht drops sharply over the cheekbone, and the rudder comes out of the water.
BRYUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of the pärtners, preventing water from entering the yacht's hull.
BUGEL - an iron hoop worn on a mast to strengthen it or connect its component parts.
BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m.), Flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal sailing vessel with sprint or gaff rigging and scoopers. M and scoopers. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for gliding on ice, snow crust.
BUOY - 1. A floating sign of the navigation situation, standing at a dead anchor. Serves, as a rule, to fence off dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and turns of the recommended headlights. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoype with a dead anchor. Used for yacht mooring.
BUYREP - 1. The cable connecting the buoy with the dead anchor. 2. A rope with buoyancy (buoyancy) on the surface and the root end on the anchor trend, to indicate the place of the anchor recoil, and, if necessary, to facilitate its separation from the ground.
TOWING - the thrust of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a tow rope (tug), or by pushing, or logging (towing a vessel moored with a side to the tug).
TOWING LIGHT — A yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.
BULBOKIL - the construction of a finned yacht keel with a heavy ballast (bulb) of a streamlined shape attached to the lower edge.
BOWL - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the leech of the oblique sail, used to adjust the sail profile. 2. Tackle for carrying forward the windward, lateral scale of the straight sail.
BUKHTA is a small bay, separated from the sea by capes or islands.
COIL OF CABLE - 1. A rope or tackle, coiled in circles or eights. 2. Packaging of the new rope in the form of a hollow cylinder.
BUSHPRIT is a horizontal or inclined spar tree, protruding forward from the bow of the yacht and serving to move the headstays and tack angles of the jibs.
BULL-Proud - see Pride.
STANDING RIGGING RIGGINGS, fastening the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the cables are attached to turnbuckles (yuffers), through which the loads are transferred to the cable-ties (special fittings, deck fittings), fastened to the hull set.
WATER-BACKSTAGS - tackle, fastening the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.
WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden beams running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Waterway on the open deck along the sides.
WATER-WOOLING - fastening the bowsprit with a water cutter (cable, chain, etc.).
WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull and dividing - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull, dividing the board into free and underwater. 2. Curve of the theoretical drawing of the ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the surface of the hull with a horizontal plane.
WATER STAFF - a tackle of a standing rigging, anchoring the bowsprit downward (stem).
WATCH SERVICE (VACHTA) - the main type of watch on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel, etc. recorded in the logbook.
WELPS - ribs on the spire (windlass) drum that prevent the rope from sliding.
SPINNED ANCHOR- longitudinal rod of the anchor.
VERP is an auxiliary, imported anchor on the ship.
HERPING - movement by pulling to the verp, which is brought to the right place on the boat.
VERTICAL (luminary) - a large circle on the celestial sphere passing through the zenith, nadir, and luminary.
SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw clamping mechanism (see lanyard).
VEHA is a floating sign of navigation situation, designed to guard against dangers and indicate the sides of the fairway. Consists of a pole on a sprit-buoy and a golik or other top figure.
TAKING REEFS - Reducing the sail area for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefters or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.
WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.
WINDSEIL - swivel, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.
WATER CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.
SAILING VESSEL ARMAMENT - a set of sailing, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and accessories designed for setting, cleaning and controlling the sails. There are two main types of sailing equipment: oblique - with sails parallel to the center plane (DP) of the hull and straight - with sails on the yards, perpendicular to the DP of the ship.
RESTORATION OF SHVERTBOT (CATAMARAN) - lifting of a sailing dinghy (catamaran) on an even keel when it sails on the water or makes a turn overkill.
WOOLING- 1. Rope hoses, laid closely, next to each other on a single-tree mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-woling.
CHOOSE - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.
VIBRENKA- 1. A step from a cable on the shrouds. 2. Sealed nautical knot.
VYBOVKA - wooden lever for manual rotation of the spire.
VYPING- wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by impacts of the bottom and sides against the water - slamming and water roll-on onto the deck.
LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction to the luminary.
SHOT - a spar tree, abutting against another spar tree, side or hull structure for the removal of tackle or rigging. See also - outrigger.
HARBOR - a coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for anchorage of ships.
GAK-hook, used for lifting or securing the load.
GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale, for anchorage of ships.
GAK - hook used for lifting or securing cargo
GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or stern superstructure (poop) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.
GAKABORTNY LIGHT - a towing light (yellow) ё, displayed at the stern of the towing vessel.
GALS- 1. The course of the yacht in relation to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. Distinguish between right and left tack, according to the name of the side, in which the wind is blowing. 2. Tackle, its waist, with the help of which the lower, windward angle of the sail is held - tack.
GALFWIND - course relative to the wind, when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half a wind).
GALLYUN- 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. The platform above the water cutter served as a latrine on old sailing ships.
GALLERY FIGURE - nasal decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.
HANDICAP is a coefficient or value measured in seconds used for comparative evaluation of results shown, shown in races x in races of yachts with different racing points.
HARDEL - tackle running rigging for lifting lower yards and gaffs.
GAT - a hole in a sail, spar or hull structure for wiring tackle, placing pulleys, etc.
Gaffel is an inclined spar tree, lifted along the mast and resting against it with the heel. The gaff is used for stretching the luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as for fastening the clew corners of the topsails. Sails raised on a gaffle are called gaffers, and the rigging of a vessel with such sails is called gaff rigging.
HELMPORT- cutout in the lower part of the stern or stern of the vessel for wiring the rudder stock. Above the helmport, a (waterproof) helmport tube is usually installed, in which the rudder stock is hung.
GENOJA - a large, wide staysail with a clew angle extending beyond the yacht's mast.
GIK is a horizontal spar tree, supported by the heel into the mast through the swivel (for sails - to the stern of the mast). Serves for stretching the luff of the slanting bar and bears its name (mainsail-gikyo, mizzen-boom, etc.). Equipped with: gika-shkotomyo, topenanthomyo, gikayo guy-line, block-hoists. For stretching the luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.), and for taking reefs - with pendants and reef hoists. Special rigging for the patent-reef boom. The boom for the headsails (jib-boom, jib-boom) rests through the swivel on the fitting at its head. See also spinnaker pole.
GINITALI with increased block sizes, the number of pulleys and the thickness of the blades. Guinios have at least two three-sheave blocks or two- and three-sheave blocks.
GITOVY - tackle of running rigging for pulling up the clew corners of a square sail or the luff of an oblique sail to the gaff and the mast when it is retracted.
VERB-GAK- folding gakyo, held in working position by a special link in the chain.
GLIDING - the mode of movement of the yacht, in which, under the action of the dynamic forces of the water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while the speed of the boat increases (the vessel goes to planing).
STEAM - give the boat forward motion with the help of special screw-like movements of the stern oar.
CHIME is a metal plate-shaped device for giving sound signals.
GOLIK is a braided top figure on a milestone.
RACING - yacht competition. They are divided into cool races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing points) and gadicap - with different rushes. points.
RACING YACHTS - sailing yachts designed for racing. They are subdivided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.
RACING POINT - a value expressed in meters or feet that denotes the speed potential - the "racing power" of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculation according to special formulas.
Proud - 1. lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Tackle running rigging for pulling the luff of the straight sail to the yard. A proud, pulling the sail by the middle of the luff, is called a proud bull.
GREP - the lower part of the water cutter.
MAINSTAIL - a side sail raised on the mainmast (stern) of a yacht with a side armament, or straight, the lowest sail on the mainmast of a yacht with a direct armament.
GROT-MAST - the second from the bow and subsequent, except for the stern, mast on a multi-masted sailing vessel; middle mast on a three-masted vessel; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted vessel; mast, if she is alone.
MAIN-SHKOT - tackle that stretches the luff of the mainsail along the boom.
Gruntov - a piece of cable, securing the marching boat on sloop beams.
VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which an object can be seen in the sea. Distinguish between geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.
DEVIATION - (near a magnetic compass) deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic arrow, rose) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the influence of the ship's own magnetic field.
DAYWOOD- the underwater part of the stern or bow points of the vessel at the interface of the keel with the stern or stem. On yachts, it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, cisterns, etc.
DELIVERY THINGS - the general name for some of the removable items of equipment on the yacht (portholes, doors, ladders, handrails, brackets, blocks, etc.).
DINGI - a type of single racing sailing dinghy (crew - 1 person).
DP - diametrical plane (yachts).
DIRIK-FAL - running rigging tackle for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.
DIFFERENT - the inclination of the vessel in the longitudinal plane.
BOTTOM - the recessed, underwater part of the hull plating.
GET- see choose.
DREC- boat anchor.
DREKTOV - anchor rope of the boat anchor.
DRIFT- the demolition of a moving yacht from the line of its course under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the drift angle between the wake (track) and the yacht's DP.
ZHVAKA-GALS - a special device or assembly for attaching the root end of the anchor rope (chain) on the ship.
LIFE - the ability of a vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness in case of damage. It is provided with unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical equipment and crew preparedness.
ZAVAL-TALI - tackle for holding the boom, preventing its spontaneous transfer to the other side on a full course.
INSERT - 1.Fix the end, the cable. 2.Go down a tack (jarg.) - continuous movement on one tack.
ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the plane of the horizon.
NAVIGATION SIGNS - landmarks and structures serving to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).
ILLUMINATOR - a glazed hole in the side, superstructure, upper deck of the yacht.
IOL is a type of armament of a two-mast sailing yacht with a mizzen-mast behind the steering gear.
TRUE COURSE - yacht heading, taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.
CABLES - a distance of 1/10 of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).
CABLE - the original, part of the plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.
KALYSHKA (kenga) - an accidental curl or twists of the cable, preventing its free passage through the pulley of the block, hawse, etc.
GAMBUS - kitchen on the yacht.
KANINCHEM - soft, tack sails of Bermuda cut (mainsail, mizzen).
CARRIAGE - an adjustable or movable device on the chase for transferring the direction of the boom-sheet thrust.
CARTRIDGE is a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.
CAT-hoist or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through the cat-beam.
KAT-BALKA - shot on the foredeck for lifting the anchor aboard.
KATAMARAN is a yacht with two hulls connected in parallel on decks. Has increased lateral stability.
ROLLING - the vibrations of the yacht under the influence of waves, is divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).
CABIN - yacht living quarters.
KECH is a type of armament of a two-mast sailing yacht with a mizzen-mast in front of the steering gear.
STEALING- 1. Artificial inclination of the yacht until the keel is exposed in the parking lot (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Dragging the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.
KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal set, lying in the DP of the vessel.
KILBLOCK - an element of the support device for placing the yacht on land.
KILWATER - a build of ships going in one line one after another.
KILVATERNAYA JET- a track on the surface of the water behind the sailing yacht.
KILSON - (floor-timber) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.
KIPA - a diverter on the deck for guiding the head sail (staysail) sheet to the winch, duck.
KIPOVAYA PLANK - a device for changing the direction of the gear and protecting it from breaking.
KLAMP - a stopper in the form of a lining on a spar tree, preventing slipping of the tackle covering this tree.
KLEVANT - a wooden block of a cylindrical shape for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.
KETEN - a thin line applied around the cable when it becomes kalene.
KLETNEVANIE - a type of rigging work, in which thin strips of resin canvas (kletnevin) are placed on the rope, and then a kale.
Cleaver - 1. A scythe, a triangular sail, which is placed in front of the staysail. The next sail in front of it is called a bom-jib. If the jib is placed without attachment to the headstock (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Headsail on a dinghy equipped with a split foresail.
KLOTIK- wooden or metal blind washer, put on the top.
KLYUZ - a hole in the bulwark, deck or side, edged with a bar or casting, used for conducting a cable or chain.
KLYAMS - thick chanting, reinforced from the inside of the side of the ship, on which beams are placed.
KNEKHT is a detail of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are superimposed in eights.
KNITSA - a plate (piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape, connecting the beams of the ship's hull set converging at an angle.
KNOP - knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.
KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the water cutter.
COCKPIT - open top, enclosed space on the yacht for crew work on the move. The common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.
COMINGS - vertical, watertight enclosure of hatches and other cutouts in the deck of the ship, as well as a threshold at the entrance to the premises.
KOMPAS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of the external magnetic field.
COMPASS COURSE - the yacht's compass course.
KOMPROMIS-type hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.
END - 1.Not metal rope on the yacht. 2.The actual ends of the tackle, one of which
root (fixed), and the other - running (movable).
KONTRATIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal set, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.
CONTRAFORCE - 1. Spacer in the link of the anchor chain. 2. Spacer at bulwark posts or rail posts.
ROOT END - see End.
AFT - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (counter-timbers) and transom (if any).
AFT LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (MPPSS-72).
YACHT HULL - the base of the yacht, consisting of an outer shell (outer skin, upper deck flooring, superstructures and deckhouses), reinforced with a set and bulkheads.
SCEED SAIL - see Armament.
KOUSH- metal inner rim of the loop of the cable (ogan).
COFFEE-NAGEL- metal or wooden pin for laying tackle.
COFFEE-NAIL PLANK - a massive, rigidly fixed strip at the mast or side with holes for coffee-nails.
CRUMBLE - see Cat-beam.
KRANETS - a device used to absorb shocks and protect the side of the yacht against the berth or other vessel at mooring and parking.
FENDER BOARD - a board suspended from the side of the yacht between the berth and the fenders.
PAINT - 1. Spacer, taking the cables away from the mast. 2.The cross bar laid on the longo-saling. 3.Lug on the bitt to keep the chain running.
CRUISING - sailing (walking) on a yacht from port to port, along a specific route.
ROLL - the inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).
KRENGELS- ring, loop, half-ring sewn into the sail at the luff or in the luff.
COOL COURSE (ACUTE COURSE) - beydewind. Steep (sharp) walk - the ability to keep the yacht on a steep sidewind without losing speed. Contrary - full of walking.
CIRCULAR FIRE - a white circular light, exhibited, as a rule, on a ship at anchor. See COLREGs 72 and Anchor Lights for details.
KRYUIS-PELENG - determination of the yacht's location by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.
KUBRIK - a room on the yacht for accommodation of the crew and equipment.
COURSE ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the yacht's DP and the direction to the landmark.
YACHT COURSE is the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. Distinguish between compass (KK), magnetic (MK) and true (IR) courses.
YACHT COURSE RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the wind direction and the yacht's DP. Distinguish between: beydewind, gulfwind, backstay and fordewind (starboard or starboard tack).
CUTTER - see tender.
CAT is a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast carried out on the foredeck.
LAVIROVKA - movement of the yacht to the target, which is upwind "in a sidewind course, periodically changing the tack (zigzag).
LAG- device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of the vessel.
LAGLIN - line with special markings for manual, outboard log.
LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or on the move "relative to each other, when they are put side to side".
LATA - a thin, flat flexible rail made of wood or plastic, inserted into a lat pocket sewn from the leech on a Bermuda-cut sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.
LATINSKOE VORUZHENIE - oblique armament with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rail (ryu).
WINCH is a mechanism for increasing traction when picking tackle by transferring forces through gears of various diameters.
LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht facing the wind when the sails stop working.
LEDZHES - half-beams, a bar between the carlings.
LEER- 1.Metal rod or rope along the spar tree for tying the sails. 2. Fencing of the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal rails
racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.
Lying in the drift - to be under the influence of external forces (wind, current), not using them for purposeful movement.
FLYING SAILS - those bow sails that are not attached to the leech to the headstays and are usually set in light winds.
LIGHTNESS - a canvas bag of sand woven from above. Attaches to the throwing end and makes it easier to aim throw.
LIKPAZ is a semi-closed chute on (in) a spar tree, into which a lyctrope or sail luff slides are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and retraction of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the headquarters.
LYKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic rope of a gentle lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (luff) to increase its strength and attach it to the spar. For jibs (jibs) on yachts, flexible, steel cables are used, which are sewn into the head leech of the sails.
RULEK - short tip, with a knot at the end, for punishing sailors in the old fleet.
LINE - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided rope with a circumference of up to 25 mm.
It is widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flagphals, lots, throwing ends, etc.).
WAY LINE - the line along which the vessel actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.
LISEL- lower flying sail of direct armament, placed on a special spar tree - fox-alcohol. On yachts, it is put under the boom on full courses.
LOXODROMY is a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the mercator projection of the loxodrome
depicted by a straight line.
LONGA-SALINGI - longitudinal bars on the lower part of the top of the mast or topmast, which, together with spreaders and chicks, serve as the basis of a mars or saling.
LOPAR - part of the rope based between blocks or yufers.
LOT is a device (device) for measuring depths from the side of a ship.
LOTLIN - line with a special marking of the manual lot, to which the load is attached.
LOCATION - 1.Section of navigation, studying the conditions of swimming in the water basin.
2. The name of the navigation manual containing a detailed description of individual areas of water basins, their banks, navigation conditions, etc.
LOTSMAN - a specialist in navigating ships in a certain area. It is sometimes obligatory to be taken on board, but in no way replaces the captain.
LYALO - a recess in the hold of a vessel for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge water.
LUVERS - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.
LUGER-1. An oblique trapezoidal sail, raised on a rail. 2.Ship with a luger.
HATCH- opening in the yacht's deck for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of the premises.
MAGNETIC DECLINE is the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for east declination, negative for west.
MAGNETIC COURSE - heading taking into account the magnetic declination.
BRAND-1 Method of sealing the end of the cable. 2. Marking on the tackle, line.
MARKIZOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traversay (19th century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went beyond Kronstadt.
MARS - a platform on the top of the mast for spreading the stays and working with sails.
MARSEILLE is the second from the bottom straight sail, placed between the Mars-raid and the lower yard.
MARTIN-GIK- a spar tree, suspended vertically under the bowsprit's nose for the unloading and bombshell-headstays and martin-backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.
MARTIN-BAKSTAG- cable from the knock martin-geek to the side of the ship.
MARTIN'S STAFF - the cable going from the knock of the martin geek to the knock of the jumper.
MAT- mat or rug made of soft rope.
MAST - a vertical spar, towering above the upper deck and located, as a rule, in the ship's DP. On the yacht it is used for setting sails.
LIGHTHOUSE is a navigation facility with a light source and its own characteristic of fire, used to determine the position of the vessel.
SHALLOW - part of a water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.
MEL- a section of the bottom, separated from the coast by deep water.
MERCATOR PROJECTION is a normal, conformal cylindrical projection, the most common in drawing up nautical charts.
MEASURING LINE (MILE) - a section of the coastal water area with special directional signs on the shore, intended for measuring speeds and lag errors.
MIDEL-SHPANGOUT (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship's hull with a vertical, transverse plane, halving its theoretical length
MILES (sea) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m.).
SEA TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigation and astronomical problems.
COLREGs 72 - International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions between Ships, 1972
MUSING- a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable, which serves as a support for the legs.
MUSHKEL - a wooden hammer used for rigging and finishing works.
ON THE WAY - the term “underway” means that the vessel is not at anchor, is not moored to the shore and is not aground, (COLREG-72).
YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the yacht's frame and support for the hull.
NAVAL - contact by the ship's hull of the berth or side of another ship, without first extinguishing its own inertia.
WIND (side, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To be upwind - to be on the side from which the wind is blowing.
NAVIGATION - 1.Sailing, shipping. 2.Section of the course of navigation.
NAGEL- 1. Wooden or metal rod for fastening the elements of the hull and mast of the yacht. 2.See coffee-nail.
NADIR - the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon.
SUPERSTRUCTION - a closed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.
NAYTOV - tackle for securing equipment and property. To lash - to fasten.
FLOORED DECKS - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.
NAUTOFON is an electromagnetic sound emitter, works in fog on separate lighthouses.
PATCH - reinforcement on the luff of the sail from canvas.
LOCATION MISTAKE - discrepancy between the calculated and observed place of the vessel.
NEDGERS - bars on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.
NON-FLOORING - the ability of the vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.
NIRAL - running rigging tackle for cleaning oblique sails.
LOC is the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar.
The other end that rests on the mast is called the heel.
BOS- foremost end of the vessel.
ZERO DEPTH is a conditional surface from which the depths given
on nautical charts. For n.y. take the average long-term sea level, and in
tidal waters - the lowest level possible. Most European
cards for n.y. take the average level of low syzygy waters.
HULL OUTLINES- the outer outlines of the yacht's hull, which largely determine the running
high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull weight, displacement, inter-
cost, etc. They are mainly subdivided into traditional (with an elongated
lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) contours.
OBJECT - sew on lyktros.
YACHT MEASUREMENT - special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing
equipment, structural elements and equipment of the yacht in order to establish
its suitability for a particular class of yacht or for calculating a racing score.
OBSERVATION - determining the location of the vessel by observing objects with known geo-
graphic coordinates (landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).
SKIN - the material of the surface of the side of the yacht.
OVERKIL- overturning (overturning) of the yacht through (up) the keel (keel), as a re-
the result of an unsuccessful maneuver or a fall from a steep wave. Overkill - frequent accident
sports sailing dinghies. Techniques for their quick recovery have been worked out.
OVERSTEAD - a turn when the yacht changes tack with a bow crossing the wind line.
LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1.Part C as part of COLREGs-72. 2.Ship navigation lights and signs,
obligatory to be carried on ships according to the COLREGs-72, are a source of mutual
information of vessels necessary for assessing the situation and safe,
competent maneuvering and divergence.
OGON- loop at the end of the cable.
HOLD - to slow down the yacht's turn, inertia when mooring, to prevent bulk.
BRAIDING - sealing (strapping) ends, splashes, tackles or spars with a thin line for
preventing the gear from spinning or snagging. See also - cage.
ORTHODROMY- the arc of a large circle on the surface of the globe is the shortest distance
standing between two points.
DRAFT - yacht deepening.
RIGGING - 1.Tackle system on the yacht - standing and running rigging. See also-arma-
yachts. 2. The process of fixing the main and wiring the running ends of the tackle.
STABILITY - the ability of a yacht that has received a list for any reason, straighten
go. Insufficient stability originating from too high a center
gravity, makes the yacht a roll prone to capsizing. Excessive stability
the bite leads to a very sharp roll, which is dangerous for the hull and spars.
ACUTE COURSE - beydewind. See also Cool Course.
DEPARTURE - move on the yacht from the pier or other vessel.
GIVE OUT - untie, unfasten, completely squander the tackle, end. Give up anchor - bro-
put it in water and etch the anchor end (chain).
DISTINCTIVE LIGHTS - see lights and signs.
SHAFT - a shoal starting directly from the coastline.
STRETCH - a tackle, a device with a pull, usually to the deck. Designed for management
using movable elements of the mast (boom, outrigger, etc.) or to provide
the required thrust on the luffs of the oblique sails (caninchem, barbara, etc.).
DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the starting and ending points of the voyage,
calculated at the mean parallel in nautical miles.
PAYOL - yacht hold flooring. As a rule, it is completely or partially removable.
PAZ - the gap between the planks or deck. The grooves are caulked,
yut or fill with sealant.
PAL-1. A hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for
mooring of booms, ships. 2.Metal bar preventing backflow
rotation of the spire.
PALGUN - foundation of a spire with a toothed rack along the circumference.
DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.
PANER - the moment when the anchor is raised, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and
the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.
SAIL is a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of the yacht's useful thrust (by type
pu wing in the air stream). Sails are hard (profiled) and soft
cue, from plant or synthetic materials.
SAILING ARMS - see sailing vessel's armament.
PATENT-RIF - a device that allows winding a sail on a boom or on a rod internally
three booms for taking reefs.
PELENG - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,
passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to courses, different
There are compass (CP), magnetic (MP) and true (IP) bearings.
PENTER-HAK- a hook, laid by the paw or by the bracket on the anchor spindle when it is lifted
room for rustic or on deck.
BULKHEAD- a wall dividing the inner space of the yacht into compartments (room-
niya), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. The load-bearing bulkhead takes part
in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in ensuring
unsinkability of the vessel.
RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled rudder element that provides the creation
lateral force and moment required to steer the yacht. Located
in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.
PERTULIN - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.
FERTS - cables stretched under the yarn, on which the sailors stand when working with the sails.
PILLERS is a vertical support supporting the deck covering of the vessel.
PIRS is a pier on piles, installed at an angle to the coastline.
BUOYANCY - positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely submerged.
LANDSCAPE - a bar (timber), limiting the bulwark along the upper edge.
PLASTER- lined, multilayer, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles on
along the perimeter, to close the hole in the board (apply, bring a plaster).
POGON - a bar (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or bales along it.
LOWWARD - see windward.
PODOLOK - ceiling covering in the interior.
PODZOR - overhang of the stern of the yacht.
PICK UP (PICK UP) - see choose.
HALFWIND - Gulfwind course.
FULL COURSE - fordewind and backstay courses. In turn, courses such as beyde-
wind and backstay, can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).
TRAFFIC LINE - a certain area, within which one hundred
Increased movement of ships.
SEMI-CLUE - overhead hawse with a slit for inserting a cable.
POMPA - a mechanism for pumping liquids.
PONTON is a floating structure for supporting various devices on the water.
LANDING ON SHORT-emergency stop of the vessel due to contact of the ground with the keel or bottom.
RIBBAR - a bar, reinforced along the freeboard, protects the side
in bulk and during parking.
SWEEP (to the wind) - change the yacht's course closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.
PRESSURE - mooring lines, served perpendicular to the ship's DP.
TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action
the tidal forces of the moon and the sun.
PROA is a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float removed from the main body.
LONGITUDINAL - mooring lines from the bow to the front, from the stern to the back.
STRAIN - an integral part of the cable, from the vegetable cable, from the steel cable
twisted from identical wires.
DIRECT SAIL - see sailing vessel armament.
WAY ANGLE (PU) - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian
on and off the track.
PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of the yacht through which the mast passes.
Heel - 1. The end of the spar, resting on the mast. The other, free end is a knock.
2. The outer (lower) part of the trend at the anchor.
SLIM FOK - sail, consisting of two parts: front - jib and rear -
foreshortened on a common rail (boat sail).
SINK - side overhang in the stern of the vessel.
RACKS - metal rings or half rings, dressed on a head and tied to the front
on the luff of the staysail or jib. On modern yachts, the carbines have been replaced
mi or head-pier.
RAX-BUGEL- 1.Variant of the cable version of the beyfoot, when it is supplemented with a rax-lick-
mi (wooden plates) and rax-clots (chiseled balls). 2.Ring with
hook, walking on the mast and serving to raise the sail bar.
RANGE TREE is the traditional name of a yacht spar, the aggregate
forehead structures and parts of yacht armament intended for
setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).
REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of the mechanical propeller against
the opposite (screw, water cannon).
REGATA is a sailing competition consisting of a series of races for various yachts.
REEK- 1.Rangout tree, used for lifting by the luff of an oblique
a rectangular, lath sails with a halyard laid behind the rax-yoke. Unlike
from the gaff, the lath extends beyond the mast into the nose. 2.Staxel (jib) -gick. 3. Any thin
and a long spar used for the first time to carry sail on a yacht.
REY- horizontal spar tree, suspended in the middle and serves for
tying straight sails to it. The signal rail is designed for lifting
on it signal flags and signs (figures).
REID - open, coastal part of the water surface, intended for parking
vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.
RELING- 1. Rigid, metal deck railing in the bow or stern of the yacht.
2.Relings - racks with longitudinal ties, replacing or increasing
bulwark.
REPKA- special sealing of the end of the cable by weaving strands.
READERS - iron strips applied criss-cross over the inner lining
or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.
RIF - underwater, or just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.
RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the luff
to increase its strength at the base of the reef seasons (eyelets).
REEF-GATS- (eyelets) holes in the sail through which the reef-sesni are passed.
RIF-SEZNI- see reef-lines.
RIF-TALI-TALES for attracting the leech to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.
RIF-PENDANT - tackle for attracting the back or leech to the boom
oblique sail when taking reefs.
REEF STEPS (SKETS) - (reef seasons) short tackle based in reef gats (any
Versae), for tying the sail to the spar (rail) when taking reefs.
RIFIT SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the sail area with the help of special
other devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.
RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of lightweight fabric with clew high
corner and a large sickle on the luff. Placed in place of the staysail.
DIAMONDS - shrouds passing through the spreaders and fixed at both ends
on the mast. Rhombic knitting needles, as a rule, fall slightly forward.
ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for the installation of boats on board the vessel.
SPRINGS - 1. A set of spare spars on the ship. 2.A row of beams on the sail -
niks, resting on the wheelhouse, and on the sides on the racks, are used to accommodate
ship's boats.
ROULES - a drum rotating on an axle with a groove for a cable, used as part of
bales, haws, blocks, etc.
RUBKA - a structure on the deck of the yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.
RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.
RUMB is a unit of a flat angle in navigation, equal to 1/32 of a circle (11.25 *).
RUMPEL - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.
RUNDUK- 1. A closed box for personal belongings, built into the bed. 2.Place on
shore for storing yacht property.
RUSLEN - a small area on the outer side of the board for attaching the ufers of the cables.
RUSTOV - a chain or cable that holds the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.
RIBS- wooden slats sewn over the frames to prevent
damage both to the cargo placed in the hold and to the sides.
РЮ- 1. Rheok in Latin sailing gear. 2.The predecessor of the sailing gaff
ships when he stepped forward beyond the mast.
RYNDA - special ringing (2 beats) in the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate
time (beating the flasks).
RYNDA-BULIN - a short cable with a button at the end, tied to the bell tongue.
SALING - a spar assembly in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-salings) and
pepper (spreaders) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to remove
bram and stan-shrouds.
SVAYKA - a tool for rigging, punching strands when weaving cables.
LIGHT HATCH - rectangular hatch in the yacht deck, fenced with coaming.
SEGARS - rings that move freely along the mast (gafel) and serve for fastening
the luff of the sail to the mast.
SEASNI - ends for tying (seeding) sails or their parts assembled.
SEI-TALI-TALI, based on one-sheave and two-sheave blocks.
SEKSTAN is a reflective goniometer instrument for measuring the heights of celestial
luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.
SKY LITE - deck, skylight.
SKEG- an enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder blade on some yachts.
SKLIZ - the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden walkways for yachts.
DECLINATION - see. magnetic declination.
SKLYANKI- see bell.
SKULA - the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp
curvilinear and "broken" cheekbones.
CHEALKIN KEEL - the rib, installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the cheekbone to the stern,
perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm) rolling.
SLABLIN - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trisel) to a mast or boat sail
SLEMING - vibration of the hull when hitting the bottom of the bow of the yacht
about oncoming waves.
Tackle - vegetable, synthetic or steel rope, having a name and ipol-
zoomed for setting, cleaning and steering sails and spars on a yacht.
SNOS - the deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between
Yacht DP and track line, excluding wind drift.
SORLIN - cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or cable (chain),
connecting the rudder blade to the body, in order to avoid losing the rudder if it breaks.
SPINAKER - triangular, isosceles, full cut of lightweight fabric, front
sail, which is set on courses from gulfwind to fordewind with outwind-
angle with a spinnaker pole and brace. The leeward brace is called the sheet.
SPINAKER-GIK - a shot from the mast to carry the spinnaker reversal angle to the wind.
SPLESEN - connection of two cables of the same thickness.
STAKSEL - the closest to the mast, front, oblique sail.
STAKSEL-GIK- see boom.
STANOVOY ANCHOR - the main anchor given from the bow.
STAR-KNITSA - knit connecting the sternpost with the keelson.
SIGNALS - coastal, paired navigation signs (lighthouses, farms
with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate the direction, width
fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.
STEM - stem on wooden ships.
WALL - a spar tree that serves as an extension of the mast, lifted with
a wall-rip and held from the sides by wall-shrouds, and from the back by wall-forduns.
STEPS- a wooden or metal nest (support) on the keel, in (on) which
the mast with its spur.
STOP-ANCHOR - auxiliary, spare anchor, usually laid on the poop.
STOPOR - 1. A device for clamping the running end. 2.Knot (button) at the end of the tackle, for
preventing it from spilling out of the block (bale).
STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.
STRINGER - longitudinal element of the ship's hull set. Distinguish between bottom, zygomatic,
side and deck stringer (carlings).
STRIP- 1. A device made of cables for gripping (grasping) and suspending the load to the hook
call. 2. Short end for tying something.
SHIP'S ROLE - a list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions
on a yacht, fixing the time and port of arrival / departure, on a form where the name
the navigation of the vessel and its port of registration.
SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS are the main lights that must be carried by all ships in
sea: side, masthead, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.
SHODNYA - a portable ladder used for going ashore.
CALCULATION OF THE WAY - calculation of coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift
fa and demolition. Hence, a countable place.
TIDE TABLES- manuals used to determine the moments of the onset
and the heights of full and low waters every day, as well as the height of the water level in any
moment in time at coastal points.
RIGGER - a set of tackles for fastening and controlling the spars and sails.
The rigging is divided into a standing one - for unscrewing the mast (cables, backstays, for-
dunes, shtagi), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into a running tack
mast lag (mast halyards, braces, mast sheets, topping, etc.) and running
rigging of sails (halyards of sails, nirales, sheets of sails, etc.).
TALI - traction, lifting device with manual or mechanical drive,
consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which
the cable is being laid. The presence of one paddle in the hoists reduces the applied force
twice. See also snatch-tali, sei-tali, gini and lapp.
TALREP- 1. A swivel consisting of a body into which two steel rods are screwed
ka with fittings for fastening tightened elements (tackle, spars, etc.).
2. Ufers and a cable, based between them, to fit the standing rigging
TENDER (CUTTER) - a type of Bermuda sailing rig for single-mast yachts carrying
more than one head sails.
TOLBOY- narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher at 45 * -
120 * to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp backstays.
TOMBOO - a beacon tied with a thin rope (buoype) to the anchor trend, to indicate
the place of the anchor recoil and the ability to lift the buoyard on board. See buirep.
TOP - the upper end of the vertical spar tree (mast, flagpole, etc.).
TOP LIGHT - forward shining, white light on the mast, according to the ship's DP. See COLREGs 72.
TOPENANT - tackle running rigging, to hold the detail at the right angle to the deck -
ley spars (yards, geeks, etc.).
TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.
TRAVERSE - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.
POISE - loosen, release or bypass the rope while holding it. The reverse
the action is to choose.
TRANES - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.
TRANSMISSION PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as a continuation of its bottom, for adjusting the trim and roll.
TRAP - stairs for communication between the premises on the yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, from the water.
KEYSTONE - a safety cable from the mast of a racing sailing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when turning off (counteracting the wind, heeling moment).
TRAILER - a trailer to a car for transporting yachts, their descent and recovery from the water.
TREND - knot for connecting legs and anchor spindle.
TRIMARAN is a three-hull yacht.
TRISEL- 1. Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, made of durable canvas. Placed instead of the mainsail, with a free luff (without boom).
2.On sailboats, an oblique, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trisel mast behind the main one.
CABLE - rope-rope product made of natural or artificial, fibrous
materials or steel wire.
TRYUM - the space in the yacht's hull between the inner skin and the floorboards.
TUZIK - a small boat on a yacht, docked on the deck.
TURACHKA - spire drum, windlass.
DECLINE (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction increases. ANGLE OF DRIFT - see drift.
ANGLE OF DEMOLITION - see demolition.
UDAVKA is a sea knot.
KNOT is a unit of speed accepted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.
WISHBON - a curved boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).
STEERING - the yacht's ability to obey the steering and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.
STABILITY (on course) - the yacht's ability to stay on course. Depends on the design features and the qualifications of the crew. USY - curved, wooden slats on the heel of a gaff or boom, sheathed in leather and wrapping around the mast. DUCK - a small two-horned bar for attaching the free end of the cable.
FAL - tackle used to lift individual parts of the spars, sails, flags, etc.
FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of the boat.
FALSE BOARD - a belt above the deck of the yacht, made as an extension of the side.
FALSEKIL- 1. Heavy casting or a loaded streamlined cavity attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars, stuffed from below on the keel beam, to protect it from damage to the ground.
FARVATER - safe, in the area of navigational hazards, passage for ships.
FITTING-fixed metal butt (device), for attaching tackle to it.
FLOR- the lower part of the frame frame.
FOK- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2. Oblique, triangular
sail (fore-staysail) raised on the fore-head of a tender, sloop.
FOK-MAST - the front mast on a sailing vessel with three masts or more. On two-mach-
For commercial sailboats, the front mast is the foremast if it is lower or equal to the rear one.
FORDEVIND - 1. The course of the yacht in relation to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.Po-
when the yacht crosses the stern wind line when changing tack.
FORDEK- bow part of the ship's deck.
FORDONS - 1.Tackle of standing rigging, carried from the top of the mast to the sides and aft,
complementary backstays and, at times, replacing the backstay. 2.Tackle standing also
crap, loosening the topmounts from the sides and to the stern.
FORPIK- extreme bow compartment of the vessel.
FORSHTEVEN-bar along the contour of the bow sharpening of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.
CHARACTERISTIC OF FIRE - the nature of the color and changes in the luminescence of the navigation mark.
HWAT-TAPE-hoists, consisting of one-sheave and two-sheave blocks.
WALK (on a yacht) - be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - On the Go.
WALKING END - see end.
RUNNING LIGHTS - set. the name of the ship's navigational lights on the move.
Snore (snore) - a folding hook of two, located towards each other, hooks.
CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodynamic force -
force of water resistance to lateral drift of the yacht.
YACHT CENTERING - reducing the horizontal distance between the center of the sail and the center of the yacht's lateral resistance. A CYCLONE is a vast air vortex around an area of reduced pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern). H
CHIKSTEY- a device (hoist) for adjusting the tension of the backstays (forduns), when combining more than one backstay into one tackle at the deck. CHIKSY - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast, to support long-salings.
MOORING - rope (mooring rope), designed to secure the yacht at the berth
or on board of another vessel. They are divided into longitudinal, pressure and springs.
MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring site.
MOORING DEVICE - pins, bollards, haws, views and other equipment designed for mooring. SHVERT - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the yacht's hull (centerboard well), and provides stability and reduced drift in the lowered position. SHVERTBOT is a shallow-draft yacht with a centerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder blade.
SCREWS - centerboards hung from the sides of the yacht.
SHIRSTREK - the upper belt of the outer skin.
PENDANT - a short, soft rope with a fire, a thimble or a block at the end, designed for lifting loads. SHKERT (SHERT) - short and thin cable for auxiliary work.
SHKIMUSHGAR - one-strand hemp line.
SHKOT - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear angle of the oblique sail (clew) and held in the direction to the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the luff of the sail in the desired position. Hoists are equipped for boom sheets, allowing the boom to be set at the desired angle to the wind.
HOSE - one full turn of the rope around something.
SHLAGTOV - a steel bar inserted into the spur of the topmount to hold it in place.
SLIP - a type of Bermuda sailing rig of single-mast yachts with one head sail - a staysail (fore-staysail). SLIP-BALKI - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering the boat overboard. SHPANGOUT - the main curved beam of the transverse set, the basis for sheathing.
SPATSIA - distance between frames. Distinguish between constructive and theoretical.
SPIGATE - hole for free flow of water in the horizontal plane.
SPIN - a large gate with a vertical axis, for picking out the anchor chain and mooring lines.
SPUR - The lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING- longitudinal mooring lines from the bow towards the stern or from the stern towards the bow.
SPRINT (SPRINT) - a rail stretching a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail diagonally. SPRIT-BAKEN- buoyancy milestones.
SPRUYT is a cable guy that carries the load to two or more points.
SHUNT BELT - hull plating belt adjacent to the keel.
STAFF - a tackle of standing rigging, located in the yacht's DP and loosening the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest headquarters is the main one, coming from the top of the mast is the top headquarters, between them there are intermediate stays. If the head is used for setting the sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Rod connecting tops
masts is called shtag-karnag. See also backstay.
STAG-PIERS - a profile with a latch (for the lithrope of the staysail), covering the headstock.
STEPS - stem and sternpost.
SHERT- see shketr.
ROD - a rod across the anchor spindle.
STEERING WHEEL - a heading control in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.
SHTURTROS- Steel cable (chain), used to transfer force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.
BAYONET - an element of the sea knot.
SHHUNA - a sailing vessel with side arms and two or more masts. On twin-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear mast.
EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spars, has two holes - a quadrangular and a round one. With a rectangular one, it is put on the top or toe of a spar tree, and a round one is used to pass an additional tree. (mast - topmill, bowsprit - tackle, etc.).
ERNST-BAKSTAGI - tackle for holding the gaff by the side (from the sides and to the stern).
ESTUARIUM - a bay at the mouth of the river, in the area of tidal currents.
UT- superstructure in the stern. On yachts, the yute is called the aft deck.
YUFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring the lanyard lopers.
ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, circular), ship's distinctive anchorage lights.
YAL - multi-oar (more than two) boat of the military fleet.
YACHT is a recreational vessel (sailing or motor), without toning restrictions.
A
Autonomy - the duration of the voyage without replenishment of fuel, water and food.
Water area - limited area of the water surface.
Anticyclone - an area of high atmospheric pressure with air movement around its center.
Axiometer - indicator of the angle of deviation of the rudder blade or the propeller axis relative to the centreline plane of the vessel.
Arneson Drive - type of transmission with a horizontal shaft.
Akhterpik- extreme aft compartment of the vessel.
Akhtersteven- the stern end of the vessel, an element of the hull set. It can be framed on a transom or an extension of the keel beam.
B
Buoy - an anchored floating nautical mark.
Ballast- liquid or solid cargo, placed inside or outside the ship's hull, providing the necessary stability and draft. It may also turn out to be superfluous and speaks a lot.
Baller - a vertical shaft serving as a rudder blade drive.
Jar- 1. Sitting on deckless boats, at the same time serves as a spacer between the sides. 2. Separately located stranded limited size. 3. Capacity for storing worms.
Bar- 1. Alloy stranded in the coastal zone. 2. A unit of pressure approximately equal to 1 atmosphere.
Barhout- thickening of the outer skin of the ship's hull in the area of the waterline.
Beydewind- the course of the yacht at which the diametrical plane of the vessel in relation to the direction of the wind is less than 90 degrees.
Seizing- bandaging thick cables with a thinner line.
Buttocks- lines of the theoretical drawing, giving an idea of the volumetric shape of the body.
Batoport- movable dry dock wall.
Beam- a transverse beam connecting the side branches of the frame, an element of the hull set.
Bitt- pedestal for attaching cables on large cruising yachts.
Bon- a fixed floating structure for mooring small vessels and other purposes and work.
Bora- he is nord-ost.
Barrel- barrel. Big float at anchor. Facilitates the anchoring process in difficult locations. "Stand on a barrel."
Brandhouse- a ship installed to observe something (someone).
Windlass- deck mechanism for lifting the anchor.
Bridle- anchor rope, chain, rope, fixed with the root end to the anchor in the ground, and by the running end - to the barrel, boom.
Breeze- coastal breeze, changing its direction during the day, due to the temperature difference between day and night, land - sea.
Throwing end- tossing end.
Broching- for sailing yachts: a sharp loss of control in a tailwind with the rudder blade coming out of the water and dropping onto the cheekbone.
Buoy- floating navigation mark.
Buirep- rope, on trending anchor and buoy on the surface. Indicates the location of the anchor and subsequently facilitates its separation during lifting.
V
Ship rolls- a significant drawback - the property of the vessel to heel due to insignificant external forces at large angles and very slowly return back to the equilibrium position. It manifests itself strongly on ships with low stability.
Waterways- a bed on an open deck for water flow. It is also used in the sense of side beams, as part of the deck flooring.
Waterline- the border of two environments, clearly visible on the ship's hull. Depends on the download, of course.
Spindle anchors- anchor rod.
Verp- auxiliary anchor.
Swivel- mast swivel. The fishing swivel is the little brother.
Milestone- floating navigation mark. Guards hazards and indicates the sides of the fairway.
Displacement of the vessel- the amount of water displaced by the underwater part of the vessel afloat. The amount of water displaced is equal to the mass of the entire boat.
- a jet engine using acceleration from the ejection of water through a nozzle.
Choose- pull up, pull the tackle.
G
Harbor- coastal anchorage of ships, protected from the wind.
Hack- hook
Gulfind- for sailing vessels - a course with a centerline angle and wind direction of 90 degrees.
Latrine- toilet
Tack- wind direction relative to the hull. For example, starboard tack - wind to starboard.
Helmport- cutout in the stern for carrying the stock.
Gliding- a mode of movement in which the hull of the vessel is maintained on the surface of the water only due to hydrodynamic forces, and not due to Archimedean forces. It is possible only when a certain speed is reached and on the planing contours of the hull (very low deadrise on the transom). Launching flat stones with a pancake through the water is an option for planing. The stone will sink when stopped, but when gliding, the forces of Archimedes do not work, and if the required speed is maintained, a flat stone will be able to cross the Atlantic, provided it is absolutely calm, of course.
D
Magnetic compass deviation- deviation of the compass indicators associated with the action of the ship's own magnetic field.
Deadwood- 1. The underwater parts of the vessel's edges from the stern and from the bow, coupled with the keel. 2. The leg body of the outboard motor.
Efficient things- the general name of various parts and small things that are included in the necessary and not very equipment of the vessel.
Diametral plane of the vessel- a vertical imaginary plane passing through the stem and sternpost.
Trim- the inclination of the ship's hull in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the water surface.
Drek- small anchor on boats and tenders.
Drafts- anchor rope of a drek.
Drifting- the drift of the boat relative to the course due to the influence of winds, but without taking into account the currents.
F
The survivability of the vessel- the reliability of the vessel and its ability to maintain its characteristics, even with severe damage.
Z
To lay down- 1. Fasten the end, the rope. 2. Place a turn.
AND
True heading- course taking into account deviation and magnetic declination.
Bend- bend of the river bed.
TO
Cable- 185.2 m - 1/10 nautical mile.
Galley- kitchen
Cavitation- shock loads arising from the collapse of vapor or gas bubbles, which were formed as a result of a critical decrease in pressure and met the boundary of the high pressure region. This encounter can result in impacts to the edge of the propeller with a force comparable to that of a hammer. As a result, the edges of the blades are chipped, which is why this phenomenon is also called cavitation erosion.
Cardinal system- a system for installing nautical hazard signs, in which their bypass and maneuvers are closely related to the cardinal points.
Card- a part of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.
Keeliness- characteristic of the transverse profile of the boat hull. It is measured by the numerical characteristic on the transom and midships - by the dead-rise angles.
Bollard- metal contraption for securing the mooring lines.
Stern- the rear end of the vessel. Whaleboat food is spicy. The transom is a flat cut at the stern.
Keel- the main beam of the longitudinal set of various materials, located in the diametrical plane. The keel boat may not have this device, and the deadrise will be formed by the joint of the sheathing sheets. Inflatable keel boats have an inflatable keelson, which, when inflated, rests against the bottom liner with one side, and with the other, pulls the bottom fabric, cut in a special way, which creates deadlift.
Keelblock- support for dry storage of the boat.
Wake- 1. Line of ships' course in conditions of ice formation. 2. Build ships following the same line.
Wake jet- trail on the water behind the vessel in progress.
Keelson- on rigid hulls - connection of frames in the bottom area.
Bale- a horned device on the deck or sides for the removal of sheets or springs.
Hawse- hole in the body with a protective edging for tackle routing. For example, an anchor chain.
Knitsa- a triangular or diamond-shaped plate connecting the elements of the body set.
Knop- thickening or knot at the end of the rope.
Cockpit- open space on the upper deck for crew work. For example, for fishing or sunbathing. On good yachts, the cockpit is easily recognizable by the presence of a folding table with a bottle of wine.
Coaming- a waterproof threshold at the entrance to the wheelhouse or cabin.
Compass- the main navigation device.
Compass heading- compass course.
End- any non-metallic cable or line.
Fender- consumable material that softens the impact of the hull on the berth or on other vessels during mooring, departure and maneuvers. Fenders are inflatable, wicker - expensive exclusive and simply stuffed with hemp. It is not recommended to enter the marina without fenders, where very expensive yachts are moored.
Cruising speed- the most economical mode of boat movement. Each has its own and depends on many factors.
Circular fire- all-round fire.
Ship course- the angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement.
L
Tacking- on sailing yachts - movement to the intended point against the wind, by constantly changing the course, changing the tack.
Lag- a device for measuring speed and distance traveled.
Lagom mooring - mooring side to side.
Lateral system- navigation system for installing navigation signs. Mainly used in inland waters. Uses the principle of designating the axis of the fairway or its right and left edges.
Leventic- for sailing yachts - the position with the bow against the wind when the sail begins to be inactive.
Leer- handrail or fence in the form of a stretched cable.
Likpaz- the groove into which the lyktros goes.
Pilot- navigation section. Tricky navigation aids for a particular area of navigation - also called a sailing direction.
Pilot- a person who has a sailing direction, or he knows the given navigation area by heart.
Luke- hatch.
M
Brand- sealing the end of the sheet or cable, or marking on it for a specific purpose.
Lighthouse- Lighthouse.
Midel- an imaginary line of intersection of the outer surface of the boat's hull with a cross-section, which divides its overall length into equal parts.
Sea mile- the length of the arc of the meridian of the planet Earth in 1 degree. Due to the difference in latitude in different places on the planet, it has different meanings. The international value is taken as a distance of 1852 meters.
N
Bulk- contact of the hull with the berth, another vessel, occurring as a result of inertia.
Windward- closer to the wind.
Superstructure- deck enclosed structure from side to side.
Knights- tackle for securing equipment. A necessary thing in a storm.
O
Observation- determination of location by objects with known coordinates.
Overkill- an unpleasant thing that entails an indispensable unplanned bathing.
Overstay- for sailing yachts - change of tack with bow crossing of the wind line.
Fire- a loop at the end of a cable, rope. It is also called an insert into a loop to protect it from wear from metal, leather, etc.
Obsess- to slow down the inertia of the vessel.
Draft- the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the vessel.
Stability- an important factor that determines the ability of the boat, brought out of the equilibrium position under the influence of external forces, to return to its original position.
Signaling- a method of signaling in case of divergence of ships with the help of a person with flags or with flashlights.
Fuck off- move away.
Give away- untie.
NS
Pal- support for mooring. It is sometimes also used to mean a locking pin.
Payol- flooring on the bottom of the boat.
Bearing- the angle formed by the meridian line and the line passing through the observer and the observed object.
Bulkhead- the wall separating the hull compartments.
Pass sign- a coastal mark indicating the place of passage of the fairway from one bank to another.
Stanchion- support for the perception of vertical loads of the body.
Gunwale- a bar of the upper edge of the bulwark.
Ceiling- lining of the ceiling in the ship's premises.
Valance- overhang of the stern of the vessel.
Pick up- the same as choosing.
Half a wind- gulfind.
Pontoon- floating structure.
Fender, halt- A beam of various materials running along the side. It acts in concert with the fenders, but by itself only protects our boat from bulk.
Swing-out column- type of transmission with a horizontal shaft. Despite the fact that the engine itself is located inside the hull of the boat, thanks to the use of a cardan transmission, it allows the column to work like an outboard motor - to recline when hitting an obstacle and adjust the angle of attack.
R
Redan- can be transverse and longitudinal. A ledge, a step on the bottom of planing high-speed boats and cutters. Without deep insight into hydrodynamics, longitudinal steps are used to stabilize movement and to correct the wetted surface, a kind of "wet" triangle, which is formed during the planing mode. Transverse steps are designed to reduce the wetted surface at high speeds. However, the use of both types of redans should be done only after rather complicated calculations. By using the hull reduction without calculating hydrodynamics and a bunch of characteristics, it is possible to significantly worsen the sailing performance of the vessel. For each hull from reputable manufacturers, redans are used only after a series of test tests in the pool and in full size in open water, which, together with the calculation of the designers, determine their number and configuration. In the displacement mode, the steps, especially the transverse ones, play a negative role.
Reverse- changing the direction of action to the opposite. Definition for motors. On suspended babies up to 3.5 hp, the reverse is carried out by turning the motor around its axis. On older motors - by shifting the gear lever. In fact, the inclusion of reverse gear.
Raid- open coastal part of the water surface. The roadstead is intended for anchorage of ships on anchors or buoys and mooring barrels.
Relay- deck railing in the form of struts with cables, forming a kind of bulwark.
Recess- niche in the stern for the outboard motor.
Reef- rock in shallow water.
Reef, take the reef- for sailboats - to reduce the sail area by using special gear.
Anchor roll- a device to facilitate the recoil / lifting of the anchor. The roller can also have an anchor rope or chain stopper.
Cabin- a structure on the deck, leaving a passage from the sides.
Rumb- division of the compass rose, flat angle equal to 1/32 of the circle, 11.25 degrees.
Tiller- a steering lever on the stock or on the outboard motor.
Locker- a closed box for personal belongings or ship's property.
Rum- a ring or a half-ring, most often metal. It has a bunch of attachment points and it depends on what task a particular eye performs. For example, the mooring eye on the bow of the boat.
Bell- a kind of battle in the ship's bell. Recently, the bell itself began to be called a bell itself, which, in general, is incorrect.
WITH
Skeg- the lower part of the gearbox of the outboard motor or corner post, feather-fin. Some yacht steering devices also have a skeg - a profile in front of the rudder blade.
Slip- an inclined surface that goes into the water and is specially designed for launching ships. On the slip, you can also observe a lot of funny situations that occur when boats are launched from a trailer.
Demolition- ship drift off course under the influence of the current without taking into account the winds.
IAMS system- the navigation hazard containment system adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Services.
Cheekbone- in addition to human, it also exists on the hull of the ship, it is the steepest bend of the side in the bow of the ship. Depending on the design and purpose, the ships are round-bilge and sharp-bilge.
Slan- removable bottom flooring.
Leading signs- paired signs along the banks.
Stop anchor- spare anchor or auxiliary.
Crew list- a detailed list of the crew and positions, time of arrival / departure on board.
Ship way- inland waterways, marked on the map and navigation signs.
Gangway- portable ladder.
T
Rigging- a set of gear. Sometimes standing and running.
Lanyard- threaded swivel for coupler.
Buoy- a float to indicate the location of the anchor.
Registered ton- 2.83 cubic meters, 100 cubic feet.
Beam- the direction to the object, which is perpendicular to the centreline of the vessel. Traverse can be right and left, and the distance to the object is a traverse distance.
Poison- loosen by holding. The reverse is to choose.
Transom plate- an adjustable plate behind the transom, which makes it easier to enter the planing mode and reduces the running trim.
Ladder- outboard - for lifting / lowering people. Internal - staircase for communication between rooms at different levels.
Trend- connection of paws and anchor spindle.
Hold- the lower space on the ship under the floor, deck.
Have
Knot- nautical unit of speed equal to 1 nautical mile per hour. On inland waterways, km / h is still used.
Duck- two-horned casting, usually metal. Serves for easy fastening of cables and ropes on it.
F
Fal- tackle for lifting all sorts of things.
Falin- cable on the bow eye of the boat.
Bulwark- the side plating of the deck above its level.
Fairway- a place for the safe passage of ships, with navigational marks.
Fordewind- for sailboats - the course coinciding with the direction of the wind.
Fordek- the bow of the deck.
Forepeak- the bow compartment to the first bulkhead.
Stem- the bow beam of the vessel, turning into the keel.
Freebort- freeboard.
Footstock- a pole with divisions to control the water level.
C
Cyclone - Large air vortex around the area of reduced pressure.
NS
Mooring lines- rope, rope for mooring.
Mooring- a set of actions associated with placing the boat in the parking lot.
Mooring device- all kinds of devices to facilitate the mooring process.
Shirstrek- one of the belts of the side plating, thicker than the others. Adjacent to the upper deck.
Schlag- one rope turn.
Frame- transverse detail of the ship skeleton, stiffener, part of the skeleton.
Spation- the distance between the frames.
Scupper- hole for drainage of excess water.
Spring- mooring lines from bow to stern and vice versa.
Sturtros- a cable for connecting the steering wheel with a tiller, stock or PLM.
I AM
Yacht- recreational vessel with no tonnage limitation.
Page 2 of 4
Hack- a steel hook attached to the end of ropes and chains, used for lifting boats, cargo and for towing.
Biscuit- rusks made of rye or wheat flour, consumed on the ships of the naval sailing fleet in the absence of bread.
Tack- the location of the vessel relative to the wind. Left G. - the wind is blowing to the left side, right G. - the wind is blowing to the starboard.
Gandonovod- motorboat on an inflatable boat.
"Blue Ribbon"- the prize in the form of a blue ribbon, established by the British steamship company "Kunar White Star Line" in the early 19th century and awarded to the fastest ship on the line Europe-America. For a long time, the leader was the American passenger liner "United States". With an engine power of 235,000 horsepower, he developed a speed of 37 knots and crossed the Atlantic in 82 hours and 40 minutes. After the liner was taken out of service in 1969, boats joined the fight for the record. In 1982 the 22-meter boat Virgin Atlantic Challenger II improved Big Yu's time by 2 hours 10 minutes. Four years later, the 33.5-meter Gentry Eagle crossed the Atlantic in 62 hours and 7 minutes. However, both of these records were not recognized because the boats resorted to refueling en route. The 73-meter Sea Cat catamaran was the first vessel to show the best time and fulfill all the rules. In 1990, he crossed the Atlantic in 80 hours at an average speed of 37.5 knots, burning 220 tons of diesel fuel. Two years later, the "tape" was intercepted by the 67.7-meter turbine boat "Destriero", which showed an average speed of 53.09 knots.
Greenwich- a suburb of London, where the astronomical observatory founded in 1657 was located. By international agreement, the meridian passing through the Greenwich Observatory was taken as the initial one in the counting of geographical longitudes in 1884 and was named the Greenwich meridian. Universal time and standard time are also counted from it.
Gaff- 1- Spar tree, to which the headboard of the oblique sail is laced. 2. A spar, lifted along the mast at an angle to carry the flag during the day and haffle lights at night.
Hydroacoustic log- absolute lag, working on the principle of an echo sounder. Provides sufficient accuracy at depths not exceeding 300 meters. Distinguish between Doppler and correlation hydroacoustic logs. The action of Doppler hydroacoustic lags is based on measuring the frequency of the received signal caused by the movement of the vessel relative to the bottom, correlation lags - on comparing the recording of the bottom topography obtained by two receivers (with one emitter) located under the bottom in the center plane at some distance from each other. The speed is determined by the time between obtaining similar relief records.
Hydrodynamic lag- relative lag, the action of which is based on taking into account the magnitude of the velocity head of the counter flow of water. In the simplest case, it consists of two pipes brought out under the vessel's bottom. The opening of one of them is directed to the bow of the vessel, and the other is flush with the obshchivka. The ship's speed is determined by the difference in the heights of the water columns in the pipes. At speeds over 5 km / h and waves of less than 7 points, it can provide measurements with an error of up to 1 km / h.
Hydraulic drive- a power drive of any mechanisms, consisting of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor (hydraulic cylinder), interconnected by pipelines for supplying a working fluid (oil). On small boats it is used to drive the rudder, winches and propeller.
Geek- a horizontal spar, attached to the mast at a low height above the deck and facing its free end towards the stern of the vessel. The luff of the oblique sail is laced to the boom.
Gitz- small hoists, the movable block of which is tied into some sort of fall.
Gitova- tackle running rigging, used for cleaning straight steam and triselles. Gitovy straight sails pull the sheet sails to the yard; gl1 sails. Gita triseles pull the sail to the gaff and mast.
Proud- tackle, passing through a fixed single-pulley-II block.
Grotto- I. Straight sail, the lowest on the second mast (from the bow of the mainmast), tied to the mainsail. 2. The word added to the names of reea. sails and rigging above the mainmast tops.
Mainsail-started- the second from the bow the mast of the ship.
Efficient things- the general name of some of the parts included in the equipment of the vessel. Practical things include haws, ducks, bale strips, doors, hatches, coamings, handrails, portholes, scuppers, bollards, ladders, etc.
Diametral plane- an imaginary vertical plane passing through the stern and stem of the vessel
Ship trim- the inclination of the ship in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the water surface. Accordingly, there is D. at the stern and D. at the bow.
Dmrik-fal- tackle of running rigging, which serves to lift up to the end of the gaff.
Heaver- a tool for rigging and sailing, prsdstavlya-eudia is a small cylindrical piece of wood with pointed youths. It is used as a lever when pulling out the ends.
Dryrep- tackle for lifting the swarm of Mars.
Drafts- anchor rope of the chain anchor (dreka).
Bend- bend of the river bed.
Induction lag- the relative lag, the principle of which is based on the appearance of an additional EMF in the circuit (part of which is the outboard water) during the movement of the vessel, which is in the magnetic field created by a special solenoid when an alternating electric current is passed through it.
Cavitation- the formation of cavities (bubbles) in the liquid filled with gas, steam or their mixture as a result of a local decrease in pressure below the critical value. Getting into an area with high pressure, the bubbles burst, generating shock loads from which the surfaces of propellers, pump impeller blades, hydrofoils, etc. are destroyed, which shortens their service life, and also reduces the efficiency of the installation.
Boat- the general name of small craft with a stationary engine and a displacement of no more than 40 tons.
Cardinal system - a system for placing navigational signs indicating the extremities of navigational hazards to the cardinal points. It is used exclusively on sea waterways.
Keeliness - characteristic of the transverse profile of the vessel. Has a numerical value - deadrise angle - see fig. The hull of a ship is usually characterized by two deadrise angles - at the midship and at the transom. With a low deadrise, the vessels have a lower draft and lower heel during circulation, however, they have a fairly high yaw rate (therefore, planing vessels have a large deadrise angle on the transom) and large shock loads on the hull when moving on a wave. With a high deadrise, the vessels have low parking stability and low speed, as well as slightly higher hydrodynamic resistance at low speed. Vessels with a deadrise angle of less than 10 degrees are called flat-bottomed, from 10 to 15 - moderate deadliness, from 15 to 20 - strongly keeled, more than 20 - "deep V". In practice, ships with a deadrise angle of more than 26 degrees are rare.
Bollard - a metal structure designed to secure the mooring lines on it. Installed on a quay or on a ship.
Feed - the rear end of the vessel. The flat cut of the stern is called the transom. Spicy food is called whaleboat.
Fender- an object that softens the impact of the ship's hull on the berth or other ship is located on the outer surface of the side. Old car tires are often used as K.
Cruising speed- the conventional name of the most economical vessel speed.
Circular fire- a fire illuminating a continuous arc of the horizon in 360 degrees.
Lag- a navigation device for measuring the speed of the vessel and the distance traveled. Distinguish between relative lags (measure the speed relative to the water) and absolute (relative to the bottom).
Lateral system- a system for placing navigational marks, indicating the left and right edges of the fairway or its axis. On the right edge of the fairway, signs painted in red are installed, on the left - signs painted in white (on rivers) or black (on reservoirs and lakes). The axis of the fairway is designated by alignments - paired signs installed on the shore, which set a straight line, on a certain segment coinciding with the axis of the fairway. In some cases, the crossings also mark the boundaries of the fairway. HP mainly used on inland waterways.
Leer- a stretched cable used as a handrail.
Small boat- a vessel, the length of which is less than 7 m, and a rowing vessel - regardless of size (PPVP).
Midel- the line of intersection of the ship's hull and an imaginary vertical plane, which runs along the middle of the ship's length and is perpendicular to the centreline plane.
Seaward- an expression indicating that a vessel or a floating object is farther from the coast than anyone else. For example, the phrase "let's go seaward" means let's go further from the coast on the high seas.
Sea mile- a unit for measuring distances at sea, equal to the arc length of the earth's meridian in 1`. In different countries, the mile is defined at different latitudes, so it has different meanings. In Russia, the nautical mile is taken at a latitude of 44 degrees 30 minutes and is 1852 meters, in Great Britain and Japan - 1853.18 meters, in Italy - 1851.85 meters. The international nautical mile is 1852 meters.
Motor resource- the operating time of the engine or other mechanism before their overhaul. Measured in hours of operation.
Powerboat- a small boat with an outboard motor.
Freeboard - part of the side above the waterline.
Draft(draft, draft) - distance from the water surface to the lowest point of the ship's hull.
Stability of the vessel- the ability of the vessel, brought out of the equilibrium position by external forces, to return to its original position after the termination of these forces. In the theory of ships, static stability and dynamic stability are distinguished. The metacentric height serves as a measure of stability.
Dehumidification- a part of the shore or a sandbank exposed during low tide or water drive under the influence of the wind.
The go-ahead - signaling method used to match the sides of the divergence of ships. The go-ahead is given from the side of the divergence, during the day - with a white flag or a white pulsed flash fire, at night with a blinking white light. The signal light is located above the side lights and consists of a pair of lanterns on each side, which illuminate the arc of the horizon 112.5 degrees from the beam.
Payol- easy removable flooring covering the bottom of the vessel.
Pass sign(post) - a coastal sign of the navigable situation, which looks like a post with a shield. It is installed on both banks of rivers in places where the fairway goes from one bank to another.
Stanchion- a vertical rack, which is an element of hull structures, is designed to receive and transfer vertical loads. It is installed between decks and rests on such elements of the set as carlings, frames, stringers.
Plaz- the place of breaking down the theoretical drawing of the ship in full size, according to which templates of outer plating sheets and templates of kit parts are made. In amateur shipbuilding, it is a flat floor (or even a wall!) Of a garage, hangar, gym, lined with sheets of thick cardboard, plywood or hardboard.
Swivel nozzle- a massive ring fixed to the stock instead of the rudder. In addition to improving the controllability of the vessel at low speed, it increases the propeller stop.
Swing-out column(stern drive) - transmission with a horizontal shaft crossing the transom. Structurally, it is a mechanism located behind the transom, which allows the rotor axis of rotation to move in two planes: in the horizontal - to control the vessel and vertical - to adjust the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation relative to the water surface, as well as for reclining when hitting an obstacle, similar to an outboard motor.
Outboard motor(outboard motor) - First appeared around the turn of the century. It is currently marketed by several companies under various brand names. The most famous brands are: Evinrude / Johnson (USA), Honda (Japan), Mariner / Mercury (USA), Mitsubisi (Japan), Nissan (Japan), Selva ( Italy), Ruggerini ( Italy), Suzuki (Japan), Tohatsu (Japan), Yamaha (Japan), Yanmar (Japan). Power range from 2 to 250hp The most widespread are gasoline two-stroke engines. However, in recent years, with the introduction of new environmental standards, four-stroke engines are being produced more and more. In addition to better environmental performance, they are distinguished by lower fuel consumption, low noise and vibration levels. The cost of four-stroke engines is 30-50 percent higher. Two manufacturers (Ruggerini and Yanmar) produce diesel engines.
Redan - a ledge on the bottom of the hull of high-speed vessels. Reduces the area of contact between the bottom and water when driving at high speeds.
Rum- metal ring. Depending on the place of attachment, it is intended for mooring ships, performing rigging work.
Bell- special battle in the ship's bell. Most often, however, the ship's bell itself is called the bell, which the inveterate Moremans consider wrong.
IAMS system- a unified system for fencing navigational hazards with floating warning signs, adopted in November 1980 by the conference of the International Association of Lighthouse Services (IALA). Warning signs are divided into system "A" (red buoy or light on the left) and system "B" (red buoy or light on the right). The IALA system includes five types of signs: lateral, cardinal, fence signs of individual hazards, signs for designating the starting points and axes of fairways (channels) and the middle of the prosode (axial or clear water signs). In addition, the system provides for special signs.
Breast- the place of the steepest bend of the side, passing into the bottom. Depending on the shape of the cheekbones, ships are divided into vessels with round bilge contours (see the figure above) and ships with sharp bilge contours (see the figure below). Round bilge vessels have a lighter course (due to a smaller wetted surface), increased hull strength (due to the absence of stress concentration points). Sharp-chinned vessels are considered faster, have increased stability at rest and at low speed, allow better use of the internal volume of the hull. Sharp cheekbones are also more suitable for independent construction, since they have a simpler surface that unfolds onto a plane.
Slan- removable bottom flooring on a dinghy, boat, etc.
Satellite navigation system- GPS (global positioning system) is the general name for systems that allow obtaining precise coordinates of a place by processing signals from special artificial earth satellites. So-called GPS receivers have recently gained popularity among small boat owners. Outwardly, they look like a small radio station with an antenna, weighing 300-800 g. Depending on the model, GPS receivers continuously process signals from 8-12 satellites and display coordinates on the LCD screen with an accuracy of 30-50 meters. As a rule, all models of GPS-receivers are capable of calculating and continuously showing the speed of the vessel's movement, memorizing up to several hundred waypoints, and then indicating the direction of movement to each of them. No special permission is required to purchase these receivers. In Moscow stores, the simplest models can be bought for 220-280 USD.
Ship way- water space on the inland waterway intended for the movement of ships and indicated on the ground and on the map.
Buoy- a float that serves to indicate the location of the given anchor. It is connected with an anchor by a buoyp.
Registered ton- 1 register ton corresponds to 2.83 cubic meters (100 cubic feet).
Beam- direction to any object perpendicular to the ship's course (center line). Depending on the location of the object from the vessel (from the starboard or left side), a right and left traverse is distinguished. The distance from the vessel to the object at the traverse distance is called the traverse distance.
Transom plate- a horizontal plate mounted on the transom to facilitate planning and reduce the running trim. Usually it has the ability to adjust the angle of inclination relative to the transom, which allows you to achieve the most advantageous sailing mode for various options for loading a boat or cutter.
Corner column(S-drive, sail drive) - transmission with a vertical shaft crossing the bottom of the vessel. In rare cases, it has horizontal mobility to steer the vessel.
Knot- off-system unit of speed, corresponding to 1 nautical mile per hour (1.852 km / h).
Thrust bearing- a bearing that perceives and transfers to the ship's hull the axial thrust of the propeller at the forward and backward motion. In low power marine engines, it is usually integrated into the gearbox housing. Essential for ship-mounted automotive and tractor engines, whose crankshaft bearings are not designed to withstand the propeller load. Conventional angular contact bearings are capable of accommodating an axial load equal to 20-25 percent of their allowable radial load. If the propeller thrust exceeds this value, angular contact, spherical, or tapered bearings must be used. According to the recommendations of the River Register, a thrust bearing must absorb an axial force [H] 10 times the engine horsepower.
Duck- a special two-horned casting or forging, fixed on the bulwark or in another place of the vessel and serving to fasten the cables on it.
Bulwark- a light belt of side plating, towering over the upper deck. Serves to protect the deck and protect it from flooding.
False keel- 1) boards, beams or metal strips sewn to the keel of the vessel to protect it from damage when it touches the ground. 2) Heavy lead or cast iron ballast keel on yachts to prevent roll and overturn.
Fiord- a narrow, deep, branched bay (bay) with high rocky shores.
Forepeak- the bow compartment of the vessel from the stem to the first (collision) bulkhead.
Stem- a wooden or metal beam in the bow of the vessel, on which the outer skin of the bow of the hull is fixed and which in the lower part passes into the keel.
Fofan- a kind of rowboat.
Freebort- the freeboard of the vessel.
Futox- part of the composite frames of wooden ships. The upper foothills are called toptimbers, the lower ones are called florimbers.
Footstock- a pole or rail with divisions for measuring depth or observing the water level in the sea, lake, river.
Center of gravity of the vessel- the point of application of the resultant gravity forces acting on all elements of the vessel.
Mooring lines- rope (chain) for mooring.
Shirstrek- a belt of side plating adjacent to the upper deck of the vessel. It is one of the main longitudinal ties and is made thicker than the rest of the sheathing belts.
Shkimushgar- thin (no more than 25 mm) tarred line. It is used in rigging.
Schlag- one turn of the rope around something.
Frame- stiffening rib of the outer plating of the ship's hull, located in the transverse plane.
Spation- the distance between two adjacent frames.
Scupper- hole for water drain in the bulwark or waterway.
Sturtros- a cable connecting the steering wheel to the tiller.
Suga- small pieces of loose ice and lumps of snow that appear in the water before freezing.
Cabole- the thinnest part of the plant rope? twisted from hemp, agave or other plant fibers.
Kalyshka- a loop on the cable, made by its running or root end so that the cable crosses itself, or formed when the cable is over-twisted.
Clevant- 1. A cone-shaped piece of hard wood inserted into the whirligig. so that the last ns is tightened - 2, A small wooden block of an ilindrical shape with a round groove (bale) in the middle - Upot-gbit to connect the flags with the halyards on which they rise.
Klsten- a layer of shkimushgar, a thin line or wire, applied around the cable against its descent using a semi-muskel.
Service- a special type of rigging work, which consists in pedaling; On a tricky and tarred cable, they put a piece of cage along the cable so that each cable overlaps the next. Having covered the entire rope with a press in a way, and having strengthened its ends, they begin to lay a cage (shkimushgar. Thin line or wire) around the tro- & against its descent with the help of a half-gun.
Jib- oblique triangular sail, which is placed in front of the "ok-mast".
Bollards- paired metal pedestals, cast together with the base - "l - slab. Kkelts are installed on the deck in the bow and stern parts and along the sides of the drone. They are used to secure the ropes during mooring.
Knop- a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable to hold or reinforce its root end.
Peg (* leg of lamb *)- the kind of knot for shortening the length.
Koush- a metal ring with a groove on the outer surface of the appropriate thickness for the cable,
To ofel-nagel- a wooden "or metal rod with a handle at the upper end, inserted into the socket of the coffee bar for wrapping the tackle of the running rigging on it,
K offsl-bar- a wooden or metal bar with holes for Hofel-nagel I. attached horizontally on the deck at the masts and at the inner part of the side -
Grommet- a ring twisted from rope strands. Krengels replace slings, are inserted into the luffs of the sails for inserting sprues, superimposed on brams under the bras m-rigging-Kubrick - 1. Living quarters for the crew, 2- The name of one of the decks of the sailing warship on which the crew lived.
Ease- 1. A small bag, woven from a cord, the size of a fist, filled with sand. Serves as a weight at the throwing end for its delivery. 2. In the merchant marine, this term denotes a heaving end.
Leer- a metal rod or a tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable. used for tying sails, pulling awnings, drying clothes, etc. Rails are also called ropes attached to stanchions that replace the bulwark of a ship, and ropes pulled to prevent people from falling, overboard, and overboard during a storm.
Linek- a short rope with a finger thick, with a knot at the end. which was used to punish sailors.
Tench- thin plant rope with a diameter of 3.8 to! 1.2 mm, twisted from cables. Braided lines are used for sishal halyards and laglinas.
Liseli- additional sails c. the form of trapeziums, which were set on the outer sides of straight sails on fox-spirits-
Lissel-rack- laths to which the fox is laced.
Lisel alcohols- slender spars on the fore and main-yard and on the fore- and main-mars-yard, used for setting foxes.
Lapp- cable. based between blocks or yufers.
Lot- a device for measuring depths - According to the principle of the device, the lots are divided into manual, mechanical and echo sounders.
Lothlin- a line or cable to which the load (weight) of the lot is attached.
Lueers- a round hole with a thread, or trimmed with a copper ring in a sail, awning, etc.
A warship is now called a ship. Tankers, bulk carriers, bulk carriers, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once, at the dawn of shipping, when mankind was still filling the white spaces on the sailing lines with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailing ship was considered a ship. On board each of them were cannons, and the team consisted of desperate fellows, ready to do anything for the sake of profit and the romance of distant wanderings. At the same time, in these turbulent centuries, there was a division into types of ships. The list, taking into account modern additions, would turn out to be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe you can add some rowing boats too.
Galleys
To get on them is an unenviable share. Such punishment in ancient times awaited inveterate criminals. And in Ancient Egypt, and in Finkia, and in Hellas, they were already. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. The main driving force was those very convicts, but they were sometimes helped by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. According to modern concepts, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and the length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those distant times the dimensions of the ships were not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, in no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of galleys is represented by ballistae and bow battering rams; in later centuries, these weapons were supplemented by artillery. The course, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.
Barges
So, the bark (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word "bark") is a ship with the number of masts from three to five. All its sails are straight, except for the oblique rigging of the mizzen (stern mast). Barges are rather large vessels, for example "Kruzenshtern" has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 meters, a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, its design also includes an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded in two constant steps. The speed of the ship does not seem low even today; under sail, the speed of this barque reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, is common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - the delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers by sea.
Brigantine sets sail
In fact, the same barges, but with two masts, are called brigantines. They all differ in their purpose and navigability. Brigantines are distinguished by their speed and lightness. The sailing equipment is mixed, on the foremast the sails are straight, and on the mainsail they are oblique. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. Historical sources mention brigantines with the so-called "Bermuda grotto", that is, a triangular sail stretched between the lyctros and the luff, but none of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.
Frigates
As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others acquired a different meaning. An example is a frigate. This concept outlived later types such as battleships, dreadnoughts, and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In the original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. For a long time, the adjective “Dunkirk” was added to the word “frigate” since the 17th century, meaning the predominant use in a separate zone of the naval theater of military operations adjacent to the Pas-de-Calais. This type was distinguished by its speed. Then, as the radius of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. Displacement - average for that time, approximately The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on it in 1855 a glorious expedition to the shores of East Asia was undertaken under the command of Admiral E. V. Putyatin.
Caravels
"She passed like a caravel ..." - is sung in a famous pop song. It is harmless to study the types of sailing ships before composing lyrics for future hits. The compliment was somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared to a cargo-carrying, large and rather heavy ship. In addition, the caravel's nose is raised high, in which one can also discern an unwanted hint.
However, in general, this type, of course, has good seaworthiness. He is best known for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World on three caravels ("Santa Maria", "Pinta" and "Niña"). Externally, they can be distinguished by the aforementioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by the sail equipment. There are three masts, foresail with straight, and the rest with Latin (oblique) sails.
Purpose - long-distance sea and transoceanic cruises.
From the word "caravel" morphologically comes the Russian word "ship". It gave the name to the famous French passenger airliner, which is very beautiful.
Clippers
For fast sailing, all types of ships are created, which are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word "cruiser", and immediately everyone around will think something - some "Aurora", others "Varyag". As for clippers, there is only one option - "Cutty Sark". This vessel with a long and narrow hull went down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was speed. Delivering tea from China, quickly delivering mail to distant colonies and carrying out especially delicate assignments of the queen was the lot of clippers and their teams. And these ships carried out their work until the very appearance of steamships, and in some cases even later.
Galleons
Looking over the old types of warships, one cannot but recall the Great Armada, which rivaled the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. Not a single sailing vessel of that time could compare in perfection with it. At its core, it is an improved caravel, with a reduced tank superstructure (the very "raised nose" has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, the ancient Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced resistance to waves and, as a result, increased speed. The maneuverability has also improved. Other types of warships of the 16th century looked shorter and too high next to the galleon (this was a drawback, it is easier to hit such a target). The outlines of the poop (stern superstructure) have acquired a rectangular shape, and the conditions of the crew have become more comfortable. It was on the galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of this word.
The displacement of these "battleships of the XVI century" ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, adorned with skillful carvings, and a magnificent sculpture crowned their nose.
Schooners
There are types of large ships that have become "workhorses" designed to carry a wide variety of goods. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, differing in that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with oblique sails. It should be borne in mind that the line between a two-masted brahmsel or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. He reached the greatest distribution in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, with his team hunts on a schooner. In comparison with it, other types of ships are more difficult to control (according to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, the schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A kind of record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts was launched ("Thomas Double Lawson", Quincy shipyard).
Other types of ships
Photos of sailing ships who arrived at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on the pages of websites. Such a parade is always an event, the beauty of these ships is incomparable with anything. Barges, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, caches, yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer to the past centuries, full of adventures and romance of distant wanderings. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, this is the opinion in many countries, including ours. Climbing up the shrouds, deploying the sails and breathing in the free wind of the sea, you can take your places at the modern control panels of bulk carriers, bulk carrier tankers and cruise liners. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers, he will not let you down.
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