What is a yacht. Classification of sailing yachts
At first, yachts became popular in Holland.
Yacht (Dutch. Jacht, from jagen - to drive, to chase) - originally a light, fast vessel for the transport of important persons. Subsequently - any sailing or sailing-motor vessel intended for sports or tourism purposes. The most common are motor sailing yachts.
In modern usage, the term “yacht” refers to three different classes of ships: sailing yachts, motor sailing yachts and motor yachts. Traditionally, yachts differed from working ships mainly by their purpose - as a fast and comfortable means of transportation by the sea of wealthy people. Almost all modern sailing yachts have an auxiliary motor (outboard motor) for maneuvering in port or moving at low speed in the absence of wind.
Medium sailing yacht
Yacht classification
Yachts are usually classified according to their motive power. It is either wind power or an internal combustion engine (ICE). That is, there are sailing yachts and motor yachts. However, at present, the motor is always present on the yacht. Modern safety regulations require the installation of an emergency engine, even on many sports yachts. Another thing is that on motor yachts ah can be one or more motors, depending on its purpose and size. Hybrid options are located between sailing and motor. These are motor sailing yachts (where the sail is always the main mover) and motor sailing yachts (where the sail plays an auxiliary or decorative role).
Motor sailing yacht
Regardless of the type of propulsion, the yacht is easily distinguished by the number of hulls. The vast majority of yachts are monohull, but in recent decades Two- and three-hull sailing and motor yachts became fashionable and ceased to be exotic: catamarans and trimarans (multihulls).
Motor yacht
Dimensions of yachts
There are a lot of parameters that determine the dimensions, they are called dimensions.
The overall length (LOA or Overall Length) and the largest width (Overall Beam) are the overall dimensions. They include all protruding parts, such as a bowsprit (a horizontal or inclined element protruding forward from the bow of a sailing vessel, designed to bring forward the center of the sail, which improves the maneuverability of the vessel), an anchor, etc. There is also the length of the yacht's hull - Hull Length. The more important indicator that determines the maximum speed that a yacht is capable of is the length of the waterline (Length on waterline).
Bowsprit of the ship
Maximum draft (when the yacht is fully loaded with supplies, with the crew and passengers on board at fresh water) - Draft maximum.
Displacement - Displacement. Measured in tonnes of displaced water. This is considered the weight of the yacht.
For sailing yachts it is also necessary to take into account the height of the masts above the water. But this is only if the yacht has to pass under bridges.
Now that we know what yachts are, we are ready to consider how the yachts are arranged.
Reflecting the endless variety of yachts is a daunting task, so we suggest you consider the typical representatives of the sea and the ocean: motor sailing and motor yachts.
Motor sailing yacht Gulet
Motor sailing yacht
Let's first take a classic motor-sailing yacht as an example. The core of any yacht is its hull. It takes all the loads and at the same time should not tip over. Sailing keel yachts, and these are practically all monohull yachts, have a securely attached stabilization element under the bottom, called a keel. The keel is made of some kind of heavy metal (cast iron, lead, sometimes even uranium) and has two functions. The main task is to prevent the yacht from capsizing. The keel weight is usually about a third of the yacht's total weight. Another function of the keel is to serve as a "fin" to prevent side drift (to minimize drift). When the motor-sailing yacht is driven only by the engine, there is no side drift. The sails pull the yacht not only forward, but also to the leeward side. The keel prevents this, and as a result, the yacht rolls. For the keel to work well, it is made large and deep enough. Because of the keel, sailing yachts have a significant draft and always roll under sails (except for passing courses). Normal roll under sail is considered to be up to 30 degrees.
Multihull yacht (catamaran)
Of course, there are sailing yachts without a fixed keel (or keels - there may be several). They are called dinghies. A centerboard well (or several wells) is made in the bottom of such a yacht, through which the crew lowers the centerboard - thus providing lateral resistance of the hull. The centerboard itself is lightweight and is not intended to keep the sailing dinghy from tipping over, rather it contributes to this. Therefore, the crew is forced to open the sailing dinghy with their own weight, which is not always possible. Dinghies are strongly discouraged for beginner yachts.
Dinghy
The highest possible speed of the yacht
The proportions of the hull determine the maximum possible speed of the yacht. The rule is simple: "length runs". It is not only the absolute length of the body that matters, but also the ratio of length to width. A classic yacht has a width to length ratio of 1: 8 (sometimes even 1:10). The narrower the yacht, the faster it is. When purchasing a yacht, you have the right to inquire about what maximum speed it is capable of. This value is known in advance and is called "Hull speed".
The maximum speed of a typical mid-sized motor sailing yacht will always be low - within 10 knots. Under the engine (40-80 hp), such yachts move at a speed of 6-8 knots. At first glance, it seems not enough, but this is quite enough for cruise sailing and your own pleasure.
Sports yachting in all its glory
The hull is divided by the waterline into underwater and surface parts. In addition to the keel, there is a rudder blade under the water - a plane that can turn left and right. The steering wheel is controlled by a steering mechanism hidden in an inaccessible place of the body. The entire steering device obeys the rotation of the steering wheel. Everyone saw the steering wheel. It is the main decoration of any nautical-themed bar or restaurant. In addition to the steering wheel, a tiller can be used to control the steering device of sailing yachts.
The steering wheel of a modern yacht
There is a propeller between the keel and rudder blade. When sailing, it is only a brake. Therefore, on sailing yachts, it is made two-bladed in order to be able to turn it vertically and hide it behind the keel. Sometimes the screw is made folding in the form of a "duck beak". With the start of rotation of the propeller shaft, such a propeller automatically opens, and after stopping the engine, it closes. "Duck's beak" is ineffective in reverse mode. But on sailing yachts they put up with it. Speed requires sacrifice.
Sailing regatta
A thruster may also be located in the underwater part of the hull. It is capable of creating a stream of water directed across the hull to the left or right, deflecting the bow of the yacht in the desired direction. It is used when mooring to the berth, when the yacht has no speed, and therefore the rudder does not work. A stern thruster is often installed on large yachts.
Bow thruster
The upper part of the hull consists of the bow, stern, starboard and port sides and deck. The bow is the fore part of the boat, and the stern is the rear. About the sides, you should know that they are completely symmetrical to each other, but unequal in value.
The Starboard is traditionally considered more honorable than the Port. However, this does not affect the speed. The sails pull the yacht not only forward, but also downwind, creating drift and heel.
It happened because famous cape In the era of sailing ships, most ships skirted the horn with the starboard side, which was much more difficult than skirting it with the left side. Hence the additional respect for the starboard side. The exception is the Portuguese sailors, whose ancestors mostly bypassed the Cape on the left side. Only among them it is considered honorable.
Cape Horn
Windows (opening or "blind") can be arranged anywhere on the surface of the hull. Vertically located windows are called portholes, and horizontally located ones are called hatches. Like ordinary windows, they serve as natural light and ventilation. On the go, they have to be closed to ensure the tightness of the case. Opaque doors, which you can find in the sides of large yachts, are called latch ports and serve to connect the inside of the yacht with the outside. They are used mainly in parking lots.
Sailing a yacht is not as easy as it seems at first glance
Deck is the upper surface of the hull with everything on it. And there are superstructures, wheelhouses, cockpit, winches, practical things, air intakes and so on. Superstructures or wheelhouses are a kind of cabins on the deck that increase the volume of the yacht's interior space. On a "sports" yacht they may not be at all, but on a cruise there may be several of them. The cockpit is the opposite of the superstructure. This is a recess in the deck that provides a safe seating for people while the yacht is moving. The cockpit contains all kinds of yacht controls. The cockpit is located either aft or center. Some yachts have both. Then one serves for the crew, and the other is used by the guests.
Deck of motor sailing yacht
The entrance to the inside of the yacht is equipped in the wheelhouse (superstructure). There must be a door of some design, which, in addition to locking the interior rooms, ensures their tightness. Thus, not only comfort is ensured, but also the safety of the yacht.
A guard rail protects people from falling overboard. Vertical racks (rails) are installed along the edges of the deck, through which the cables of the fence (rail) are passed.
When there are small children among the passengers, nets are additionally pulled on the rails. During a storm, the crew uses rails, attaching safety belts to them. The bow is used to accommodate the anchor and devices for its use (spire or windlass).
Some yachts have a bowsprit at the bow. Headsail gear is attached to it. The bowsprit greatly adorns the silhouette of the yacht and gives it the charm of a bygone era of sails. In fact, this is not a decoration, but a way to increase the front triangle of the yacht or, in other words, its windage.
The bowsprit greatly adorns the silhouette of the yacht
Modern yachting fashion offers a folding awning above the cockpit to protect people from the sun and rain (Bimini top). This is a very useful innovation. And how did you not think of this before?
Winches are installed around the cockpit, without which it is impossible to control the sheets and halyards of the sails even on a small yacht.
It's time to deal with the "ropes". This land word is categorically inapplicable to a yacht. The yachts have rigging and ends. Rigging can be running and standing. Standing rigging is constantly tensioned (stuffed) and secured. Most often these are steel cables that hold the mast (cables, stays, etc.). Running rigging is all gear that moves periodically. The various halyards move up and down. Sheets and breaststrokes (to control the sails), various guy lines, hoists, topping and twists move in all other directions. The ends of the yacht go outside (anchor, mooring, towing). The crew of the yacht works with all these tackles. They are pulled (chosen) and pulled harder (stuffed). Or they let go (slowly - they poison and quickly - they give up). There are many more different everyday names - shkerts, lines - you can't remember everything at once, and this is not necessary for acquaintance.
Rigging
It is necessary to apply brute physical force to the winches. If there is no such desire, then they are installed electric or hydraulic. It is fashionable to install under-deck winches on mega yachts. They are activated by a button.
The first thing you stumble over on any yacht is likely to be a duck. This term refers to an anchorage for a mooring line (or some other tackle). Some of the marine equipment is also used onshore - staples, blocks and lanyards.
"Ends" in business
Internal components of the yacht
Inside, the yacht's hull consists of several parts. Everything that is in front of the nose is called forepeak. Everything in the stern is afterpeak. Between them are the wardroom (saloon), cabins, latrines, galley, navigator's table, as well as technical rooms (engine room, chain box, lockers).
Somewhere in a place that is hard to reach and imperceptible for you, there are tanks (cisterns) for fuel and water. You will find several holes on the deck for their bunkering (refueling). On an average yacht, the water supply is within 400-500 liters, fuel is about 200.
And of course the mast (or masts). Their number depends on the type sailing equipment... This is the bellicose name for the varieties of masts and sails.
Mainsail yacht
There are a great many types of sailing equipment. In order not to get confused in them, remember the following. First of all, count the masts. If you have a yacht with one mast in front of you, then it (the mast) is called the mainmast. This is because it (nowhere else) is attached main sail- grotto. If you count two masts, determine which one is higher. The higher one is the same mainmast. If she is behind, then the schooner is in front of you. If the mainmast is in front, then it is most likely a ketch, although there may be a yol. It remains to add that the short mast in the back is called mizzen (on ketch and yols), and in front (on schooners) - foresail.
Gaff schooner
Depending on the number of head sails, yachts with one mast can be sloops (only one head sail is a staysail) and tenders (there is also a jib in front of the staysail).
Triangular sails are called Bermuda sails, and quadrangular sails are called haffle sails. Now you can easily define what a "gaff schooner" is.
Ketch
In addition to the masts on yachts, there is also another spar. These are geeks and gaff (the latter only with gaff weapons - a great rarity in our time). In contrast to the masts, which stand upright (until they fall), the booms and gaffs are in working order horizontally and are attached at one end to the mast. You will come across the concept of a geek pretty quickly. Literally. The first time the sails are set, the boom will try to throw you overboard. Beware of this "evil stick" - many yachtsmen have suffered from its treachery.
Features of motor yachts
Consider now a motor yacht. Unlike sailing yachts, motor yachts do not have keels, and their stability (ability to resist capsizing) is determined solely by the shape of the hull. Therefore, motor yachts are of considerable width. The ratio of their width and length is from 1: 3 to 1: 5.
Motor yacht BAVARIA 30 Sport
In the event of an emergency stop of the engines, the motor yacht becomes a helpless toy of the sea. For this reason, special attention has been paid to engines. Usually a motor yacht has a pair of propulsion motors. Much less common are motor yachts with one engine and very rarely with three or more. One engine does not provide sufficient reliability, three or more make the yacht too expensive and complicate its design.
Engines can be outboard (removable) and stationary (built-in).
Don't take outboards seriously. They are used on coastal yachts with little autonomy. Gasoline outboards are typically seen on non-seaworthy yachts.
Motor yacht AZIMUT 50
The presence of a pair of engines is also good in that it eliminates such an unpleasant phenomenon as skidding by a propeller. The rotation of the propeller creates not only a force that propels the yacht forward (backward), but also pulls her stern (to the right or to the left - it depends on the direction of rotation). With a pair of motors, one of them is set to the right rotation, and the other to the left. In addition, the twin-engine yacht maneuvers easily even without a bow thruster. It is enough to force the propellers to work one forward, the other backward, so that the yacht rotates in place in either direction. This is very convenient when mooring.
Megayacht Luxury Yacht
Most motor yachts have three-blade propellers. Where money was not saved too much, there are four - or five-bladed. Where they spent sparingly, adjustable pitch screws are installed. Where money was not counted, there are no screws at all - there are water-jet installations.
A modern yacht has so many amenities that it can replace the owner's home for some time without losing comfort.
Exotic yachting steam engines, gas turbine engines, solar powered electric motors, etc. we will not consider. On the vast majority of modern motor yachts, you will find high-speed diesels. These are quite reliable and compact (especially turbocharged) cars. Each "horsepower" of such an engine "eats" about 200 grams of diesel fuel and one gram of engine oil per hour.
Mega yacht Oculus Yacht
On a 56-foot speed yacht, the total engine power must be at least 800 hp. (otherwise it will "stand rooted to the spot"), but also more than 1600 hp. to nothing (further increase in power is pointless - the speed barrier, limited by the length of the body, cannot be exceeded).
Motor yacht Andromeda
Motor yacht inside
The largest "owner's cabin" will be provided with an individual toilet (latrine) and is located in the bow (or stern) of the yacht. Another common toilet serves all other premises. A small galley with an electric stove and a refrigerator will provide meals throughout the day. The main place inside the yacht is given to the salon, where there are soft sofas and a table for 6-8 seats, a bar, a stereo system and a TV. The front part of the saloon is occupied by the helmsman's workplace with all the instruments necessary to control the yacht. At the stern there is an open area with seats (banks), and at the stern there is a platform for swimming with a ladder (ladder) for lifting out of the water. The bow of the deck is called the tank. It is impossible to be there on the go, but in the parking lot you can lie down and sunbathe.
Motor yacht Mondomarine
A typical medium motor yacht can be made in two versions. The usual version and the version with the so-called "sun deck" (Sun deck). This is where sunbathing and taking in the scenery is really good. fresh air! Soft sofas are also arranged here, there is a small bar, but the main thing is a duplicate control post of the yacht (Fly bridge). This place is very convenient when sailing a yacht on a fine day, but even more convenient when mooring, since the view is much better than from the salon.
Yacht owner's room
Yacht engine room
Looking closely, somewhere in the stern, we find a not too noticeable hatch. This is the entrance to the machine room. Powerful engines also require a certain amount of comfort. In addition to the main engines, all the main engineering systems of a motor yacht are concentrated here (there is nowhere else). This is an electric generator, all kinds of pumps (pumps), a seawater desalination plant and other systems you already know: power supply, dehumidification and fire extinguishing. Many motor yachts are equipped with a winter / summer air conditioning system.
Motor yacht MANGUSTA 108
There are also air-conditioned sailing yachts, but this is usually not required. And there is nowhere to take extra power for the air conditioner. And on a motor yacht, air conditioning is very appropriate. And not only in summer. There is no extra space in the engine room. In addition, there are tanks (as they call tanks on yachts) for water and fuel, which is about five tons in total. Tools, spare parts, etc. are also stored here. stocks. The equipment of the motor yacht is serviced at the stops during routine maintenance, according to the schedule. Even the crew has nothing to do at sea inside the engine room. The control of the yacht's machines and mechanisms is fully automated and carried out from the salon. To top it off, running diesels create an unbearable hum and generate a lot of heat, only part of which is removed by the water cooling system. Therefore, the machine room is surrounded by solid sound and heat insulation. Also, in case of fire, fire isolation and an automatic fire extinguishing system are arranged.
Yacht of Roman Abramovich. 3-D graphics
Now, having got acquainted with the structure of sailing and motor yachts, it makes sense to speculate about the essence of the subject. Any yacht is difficult engineering structure... In this sense, a yacht is more like an airplane than a car.
Even complex military equipment simpler than yachts, if only for those considerations that a yacht designer, unlike a military one, is not able to neglect the design of his brainchild. Yacht design means a lot to its owner, sometimes even more than is required. In addition, the material must be durable, as it is constantly exposed to the elements: sea, sun, wind ... We will talk about design in the second part of our review material on the construction of a yacht.
Lurssen shipyard Miaimi project
Resting on a yacht is not a cheap pleasure. Everyone dreams of having such an island of salvation, where you can swim away from everyday problems and just relax. But such a hobby, in addition to large material costs and time, also requires considerable skills. Without knowledge of the structure of the yacht, you will not sail far. Sailors are quite inventive people. They came up with a name for each element. Therefore, you must also familiarize yourself with the special terminology. You can find many in this article useful information on the construction of the yacht and other important points.
Specifications
Swimming aids must be different from each other. Yacht classes are determined depending on what characteristics they have. They can differ significantly from each other. The most significant characteristics can be considered:
- Length... The sailing performance of the vessel depends on it. The longer it is, the faster it can move. This is especially true for sports yachts.
- Width... This factor affects speed and stability. The wider the boat, the calmer it behaves on the water and the slower it moves (due to the high water resistance). Wide yachts, as a rule, are made for cruises on the sea and ocean, as high waves can occur in such places.
- Draft... Yachts with shallow draft maneuver worse. They also have less stability - the ability to resist roll and return to their former position.
- Board height... It is important for those floating facilities that go out to sea. The higher the board, the larger waves it can withstand.
- Displacement... Higher yachts are better able to cope with unpleasant weather conditions, but due to their weight they are less maneuverable.
- Sailability... Affects movement speed. The higher it is, the more the ship receives energy from the wind, therefore it moves faster.
Sail classification
Yachts differ in several ways. The main thing is the presence or absence of a sail. If it is not there, then such a yacht is driven by an engine and is called a motor yacht. There is also something in between. Such a yacht has a sail, but in which case it can take advantage of the additional power of the engine.
By appointment
They are divided into racing and cruising. The first type is intended for sports. They must necessarily meet certain standards. Their main characteristics are windage and weight. The maximum possible speed depends on this. Such a yacht has nothing superfluous. Therefore, you can hardly call it comfortable. Racing models are only needed to cover distances at maximum speed.
Cruising yachts- this is a completely different matter. They are designed for walking with great comfort. They are equipped with everything you need to have a nice rest... Cruising yachts can accommodate a lot of people. You can live on it for more than one day. Modern ships equipped with a powerful engine can reach a good speed. So on such models, you can also ride with a breeze.
For long travel around the world cruising yachts are best suited. They have a minimum set in order to be able to survive at sea. They are also fast enough. It is on such yachts that the Volvo Ocean Race is held - the famous round-the-world race.
By seaworthiness
Also classified by where the boats are sailing. There are sea and river yachts. They differ from each other in design. Floating equipment designed for movement at sea must be more resistant to external influences, as there are severe storms. Therefore, their construction is usually wider and their draft is greater than that of freshwater yachts. The latter do not need such good stability.
By body type
Standard models are monohulls. But besides them, there are also catamarans and trimarans. The latter have their own qualities that help with long voyages.
Yacht construction
The main part of every flotation device is the hull. It is divided into 3 parts:
- Nasal.
- Midel.
- Stern.
One of the important parts of the hull is the keel. There is always a bulb at its end. This is a special thickening where the main weight of the keel resides. It is needed to keep the center of gravity as low as possible. This makes the vessel more stable. The larger and heavier the keel, the better the yacht copes with external influences. You should never forget about him, because they can run aground.
Also under water, in addition to the keel, there is also a rudder blade. This is an important element of the yacht design, because it is used to control it. The steering wheel itself is connected to the baller and the steering head. Through them, the effort is transmitted to the rudder blade, and the yacht turns.
Upper body
The first thing you pay attention to is the deck of the yacht. It is such a horizontal surface that delimits the upper and inner space. There may be several of them. Their task is to divide the space inside the yacht. There are several types: residential, battery, cargo deck. Each can be designed for different purposes.
The upper deck must completely cover the entire upper part of the yacht. It serves as a waterproof barrier. It is essential for the strength of the ship. There are a lot of important elements yacht devices. You should also familiarize yourself with them.
At the very beginning is the bow rail. This is one of the fencing elements on the yacht. It is a rigid structure made of metal. From it along the entire body there are rails. This is also an element of the fence. But only they are made of iron cable. During a storm, insurance is usually attached to them. It all ends with a stern rail.
There are hatches on the deck. They lead to the inside of the yacht. Through them you can get to the lower deck. With strong winds and waves, they are battened down, so water cannot get inside.
The large superstructure that can be seen immediately is called the deckhouse. There are various instruments that make up the ship's control and navigation system. For good view portholes are installed there.
The deck is simply the top of the ship. And the place where people walk is called the floodplain. It is usually made of wood or metal. It is often covered with a special non-slip coating.
One of the most important places at the top of the hull is the cockpit. People get here as soon as they climb the ladder aboard. This is where the passengers and crew are. There is also the helmsman's post along with the steering wheel.
Sailing Armament
Thanks to such a device, the yacht can move only on wind power and without the help of a motor. There are a lot of little things and other nuances here. The structure of a sailing yacht is rather complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to understand it thoroughly. This system consists of several parts:
- Sails.
- Mast.
- Rigging.
The Bermuda type is usually used. This is when two triangular sails are attached in front and behind. They are called staysail and mainsail. The main element of a sailing yacht is a mast. It is a system that together creates the frame and support for the sails. One of the parts of the mast is the mast. It also includes sheets, spreaders, boom and more. The top of the mast is called the top. The bottom, in turn, has a spur. It ends in the keel part of the ship and rests on the steppes.
Rigging is all the tackle that is attached to the spar. Thanks to them, the sails are controlled. Among them there are moving and standing elements (which are simply fixed).
Motor yachts
This type of watercraft does not have sailing equipment. They are propelled by the power of the motors. This type of yacht is the most expensive. It is intended for the elite. And it’s not just that. Motor yachts have some positive sides that make them more attractive.
The first thing I would like to note is the speed. Still, the power of the engine is much more than that of the wind. Therefore, such models will be faster. If you need to quickly overcome long distance on the water or just ride with the breeze, then motorboats will be preferable. Modern yachts can reach speeds of up to 40 nautical miles per hour. Quite good, considering that it is about 70 kilometers per hour.
Motor yachts are rented or bought by VIPs. Therefore, most often they go along with professional staff who guarantee quality service and safety on the yacht.
Another plus is the comfort, which is inherent only in this class. Yachts with motors often have special stabilizers that prevent the boat from swaying so much. This means that the pitching will not be so noticeable.
Mega yachts
Man has always strived for more. Yachts are no exception. With their aspiration, the engineers were able to create mega-yachts. Such vessels are annually awarded with the Neptune Prize. To get into it, they must be at least 30 meters in length.
The largest yacht is proudly named Azzam. It is 180 meters long. Its cost is $ 609 million. Despite its colossal size, it can move at speeds up to 30 knots. And this is a lot for such a whopper.
Before “Azzam” was created, the yacht “Eclipse” of the famous entrepreneur Roman Abramovich was Her size - 162.5 meters. It cost the owner nearly $ 800 million. This is one of the most expensive yachts in the world.
The third place in the list is occupied by "Dubai". Its length is 160 meters and the price is $ 350 million.
Yacht- any sailing, motor or sailing-motor vessel intended for sports or tourist purposes. The most common sailing yachts. A sailing yacht has two main parts: hull and armament. The hull accommodates the crew and supplies of the yacht. Armament refers to sails and all devices for setting and controlling sails.
Types of sailing yachts
Sailing uses the yachts of the most different types and sizes. Depending on the sailing conditions in a particular area, large or small yachts of one design or another are used.
There are two main criteria by which you can determine the type of yacht: purpose and sailing area; hull design and armament.
On the first basis, cruising and racing yachts are distinguished.
Main purpose racing yachts- sailing races at limited distances, so racing yachts are built extremely light. For long voyages, they are not strong enough and do not have household amenities.
Cruising yachts have a very solid construction and a maximum of household amenities. The main purpose is cruising and racing in the open sea with a great distance from the base.
Cruising-racing yachts- the most common type of yacht, combines the properties of the above yachts.
By the design of the case.
Sailing dinghy Is one of the types of yachts. The sailing dinghy has a shallow and relatively wide hull. In the middle of the hull, a slot is made in which a flat (metal or wooden) retractable keel - centerboard is placed. When there is no need for additional lateral resistance (for example, with favorable winds) or when a shallow place is passing, the centerboard can be lifted and even completely removed into the centerboard well. The stability of a sailing dinghy (the ability of the vessel to return to the initial position with the masts straight up, after reducing the effect of any force that caused the deflection) is much less than that of a keel yacht. Basically, the stability of the sailing dinghy is ensured by the corresponding shape of the hull - flat and wide. A sailing dinghy cannot roll over due to poor handling, therefore it is less safe when sailing in the sea and open waters than a keel yacht.
Bottom of the case keel yacht goes into a deep fin, which creates significant lateral resistance. To make it more stable, a cast iron or lead weight, called a ballast keel or false keel, is attached to the lower part of this fin. Yachts of this type are designed for sailing on seas and lakes with deep water and strong winds and waves. A keel yacht has a very high stability and cannot capsize under normal conditions. It is difficult to sail on keel yachts on rivers and shallow lakes because of the large draft.
An intermediate type of yacht combines the characteristics of the described vessels. So, to obtain increased stability at a shallow draft, ships are built with a centerboard passing inside the ballast keel. These vessels have less draft without a centerboard than keel yachts, but more than sailing dinghies. Such yachts are called compromises.
Sailing yachts can have not one, but two or even three hulls. Then they are called catamarans and trimarans.
Yachts also vary in size and class.
- Yachts up to 30 feet (10 m) are designed for day trips over short distances.
- Yachts from 30 to 56 feet (10-18 m) are the most popular and affordable class of yachts. Such yachts allow you to travel long distances and go to the open sea without creating extreme situations.
- Yachts from 56 to 70 feet (18-24 meters) usually require a crew to operate and maintain.
- Yachts over 70 feet (24 meters) are commonly referred to as V.I.P. megayachts. They are usually built according to an individual project or are representatives of a limited edition.
In addition to such a general classification, there is also a sports classification of yachts, which determines their division into classes. The sport classification of yachts is necessary to create a level playing field in racing. Within each class, the odds of winning the competition are as equal as possible (insofar as these odds are determined by the boat itself).
Frame
Keel yacht and its parts:
1 - nasal overhang; 2 - fin and false keel; 3 - hold; 4 - rudder feather; 5 - stern overhang; 6 - valance; 7 - transom; 8 - yut; 9 - cockpit; 10 - wheelhouse; 11 - entrance hatch; 12 - cabin; 13 - deck; 14 - light (skylight) hatch; 15 - guard rail; 16 - bow and stern rails; 17 - anchor device (anchor, chain, bitteng, deck hawse); 18 - tank; 19 - cockpit; 20 - forepeak; 21 - compass.
Armament
The main parts of the yacht's armament are sails, spars and rigging.
Sail- the main propulsion of the yacht.
They are divided into three sets: main (or tack), auxiliary and storm sails. The yacht carries the main sails on ordinary voyages. The same sails determine the measured sail area of the yacht. Participation in races requires special sails, which increase the sail area in some situations arising at a distance (for example, with favorable winds). These sails are called complementary sails. When sailing in stormy weather, tack sails are replaced with smaller and more durable storm sails.
The totality of all wooden or metal parts of the weapons used to attach and carry the sails is called mast.
Rigging- tackle made of vegetable or steel rope - are subdivided into standing and running. Standing rigging is used for bracing and maintaining the mast in working position, and running rigging - for setting and removing sails and spars, controlling sails, for raising and lowering signals.
A yacht is a vessel with oblique sails. Ships of this type are very different: without a mast, they develop a speed of 40 knots, it can be gigantic cruise ship several stories high and costing hundreds of millions of dollars, or a modest single-masted vessel. So what is a yacht? According to modern concepts, a yacht is a vessel on which you can play sports or use it for tourist purposes and recreation.
Such ships are divided into many varieties based on their size, mode of movement or the material from which the ship is made. Modern yachts are no longer made in the old fashioned way - from wood. For their production, the latest materials are now used: in particular, heavy-duty plastics. Yachts are vessels equipped with everything necessary for autonomous navigation: water desalination plants, satellite navigators, radio stations and security equipment.
According to the method of movement, sailing, motor and sailing-motor ships of this type are distinguished.
Sailing yachts
They consist of a hull and sail rig. All they need to move through the water: a fair wind and a competent helmsman. It is clear that a sailing yacht will not be able to compete in speed with a motor yacht, and the wind direction is not always favorable. However, it is historically the first type of yacht and is still popular today. They are cheaper than their motor and sail-motor counterparts. However, they have no restrictions on fuel supplies, so the whole world is open to them.
Sailing ships, in turn, are subdivided into cruising and racing. The basis for this division is the purpose of the vessel, the design of its hull and sailing equipment.
Racing yachts of this type are designed for sailing regattas in limited sea or river areas. They are light enough, do not have a solid margin of safety and special amenities. Cruising yachts are ships with a solid structure, a wide range of amenities, because they are designed for long autonomous cruising at a distance from bases.
Motor sailing yachts
Combination power plant and sails is a conscious choice of many people in love with sea travel... It is clear that the engine plays a secondary role in this layout, and in the presence of wind, of course, the sails will be used first. However, it will undoubtedly come in handy when sailing in difficult weather conditions or for maneuvers in absolute calm.
From a logistics point of view, this type of vessel will already need some fuel reserves, but compared to the requirements for motor yachts, these reserves may be insignificant. Still, the sail will come first.
Motor yachts
With one or two internal combustion engines, powerboats develop beyond the reach of sailing ships speed. Moreover, the engine on board is also an increased comfort. And thanks to the presence of a motor on the ship, it is possible to accommodate many life support systems. These yachts can be of various sizes, reaching several tens of meters in length. They may have air-conditioned cabins and saloons on board. They are mobile, able to swim in shallow water and are completely independent of weather conditions... The cost of such ships is significantly higher and can reach astronomical amounts. You should also forget about the price of fuel and its high costs.
The dimensions of such ships
There is a clear division of yachts by hull size. Vessels up to 10 meters in length are mainly used for small walks over short distances. They have modest cabins and limited onboard amenities.
Ships from 10 to 18 meters are most in demand all over the world. These yachts allow you to travel long distances, make exits to the open sea. As a rule, they have an appropriate level of comfort.
Ships up to 24 meters have an increased level of comfort. On board, it is possible to accommodate many additional systems and devices. However, it is impossible to cope with their management on your own. A small and experienced team will be required.
Ships over 24 meters are considered premium yachts. Swimming on them in terms of amenities is comparable to living in hotels of the highest category. For the comfort of their owners, such ships are equipped with swimming pools, mini golf courses, saunas and hot tubs, and helicopter platforms. And the number of team members and service personnel can reach two dozen people.
These yachts are also classified by hull construction. The main options are: traditional monohull, catamaran, trimaran. As the names suggest, the number of hulls for such ships can reach three (for a trimaran).
The advantages of a hull consisting of several parts: higher stability of the vessel, a large usable area and, accordingly, more opportunities for accommodating amenities.
The disadvantage is the deterioration of handling in difficult weather conditions.
Yacht- any sailing, motor or sailing-motor vessel intended for sports or tourist purposes. The most common sailing yachts. A sailing yacht has two main parts: hull and armament. The hull accommodates the crew and supplies of the yacht. Armament refers to sails and all devices for setting and controlling sails.
Types of sailing yachts
Sailing uses yachts of a wide variety of types and sizes. Depending on the sailing conditions in a particular area, large or small yachts of one design or another are used.
There are two main criteria by which you can determine the type of yacht: purpose and sailing area; hull design and armament.
On the first basis, cruising and racing yachts are distinguished.
Main purpose racing yachts- sailing races at limited distances, so racing yachts are built extremely light. For long voyages, they are not strong enough and do not have household amenities.
Cruising yachts have a very solid construction and a maximum of household amenities. The main purpose is cruising and racing in the open sea with a great distance from the base.
Cruising-racing yachts- the most common type of yacht, combines the properties of the above yachts.
By the design of the case.
Sailing dinghy Is one of the types of yachts. The sailing dinghy has a shallow and relatively wide hull. In the middle of the hull, a slot is made in which a flat (metal or wooden) retractable keel - centerboard is placed. When there is no need for additional lateral resistance (for example, with favorable winds) or when a shallow place passes, the centerboard can be lifted and even completely removed into the centerboard well. The stability of a sailing dinghy (the ability of the vessel to return to the initial position with the masts straight up, after reducing the effect of any force that caused the deflection) is much less than that of a keel yacht. Basically, the stability of the sailing dinghy is ensured by the corresponding shape of the hull - flat and wide. A sailing dinghy cannot roll over due to poor handling, therefore it is less safe when sailing in the sea and open waters than a keel yacht.
Bottom of the case keel yacht goes into a deep fin, which creates significant lateral resistance. To make it more stable, a cast iron or lead weight, called a ballast keel or false keel, is attached to the lower part of this fin. Yachts of this type are designed for sailing on seas and lakes with deep water and strong winds and waves. A keel yacht has a very high stability and cannot capsize under normal conditions. It is difficult to sail on keel yachts on rivers and shallow lakes because of the large draft.
An intermediate type of yacht combines the characteristics of the described vessels. So, to obtain increased stability at a shallow draft, ships are built with a centerboard passing inside the ballast keel. These vessels have less draft without a centerboard than keel yachts, but more than sailing dinghies. Such yachts are called compromises.
Sailing yachts can have not one, but two or even three hulls. Then they are called and.
Yachts also vary in size and class.
- Yachts up to 30 feet (10 m) are designed for day trips over short distances.
- Yachts from 30 to 56 feet (10-18 m) are the most popular and affordable class of yachts. Such yachts allow you to travel long distances and go to the open sea without creating extreme situations.
- Yachts from 56 to 70 feet (18-24 meters) usually require a crew to operate and maintain.
- Yachts over 70 feet (24 meters) are commonly referred to as V.I.P. megayachts. They are usually built according to an individual project or are representatives of a limited edition.
In addition to such a general classification, there is also a sports classification of yachts, which determines their division into classes. The sport classification of yachts is necessary to create a level playing field in racing. Within each class, the odds of winning the competition are as equal as possible (insofar as these odds are determined by the boat itself).
Frame
Keel yacht and its parts:
1 - nasal overhang; 2 - fin and false keel; 3 - hold; 4 - rudder feather; 5 - stern overhang; 6 - valance; 7 - transom; 8 - yut; 9 - cockpit; 10 - wheelhouse; 11 - entrance hatch; 12 - cabin; 13 - deck; 14 - light (skylight) hatch; 15 - guard rail; 16 - bow and stern rails; 17 - anchor device (anchor, chain, bitteng, deck hawse); 18 - tank; 19 - cockpit; 20 - forepeak; 21 - compass.
Armament
The main parts of the yacht's armament are sails, spars and rigging.
Sail- the main propulsion of the yacht.
They are divided into three sets: main (or tack), auxiliary and storm sails. The yacht carries the main sails on ordinary voyages. The same sails determine the measured sail area of the yacht. Participation in races requires special sails, which increase the sail area in some situations arising at a distance (for example, with favorable winds). These sails are called complementary sails. When sailing in stormy weather, tack sails are replaced with smaller and more durable storm sails.
The totality of all wooden or metal parts of the weapons used to attach and carry the sails is called mast.
Rigging- tackle made of vegetable or steel rope - are subdivided into standing and running. Standing rigging is used for bracing and maintaining the mast in working position, and running rigging - for setting and removing sails and spars, controlling sails, for raising and lowering signals.
Tourist encyclopedia. 2014 .
Synonyms:See what "Yacht" is in other dictionaries:
yacht- yacht, s ... Russian spelling dictionary
YACHT- (English). A small vessel used for pleasure sea trips. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. YACHT (English) a small vessel used for amusement. boat trips... Dictionary… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
YACHT- YACHT, yachts, women. (English yacht). 1. Large sailing boat of light construction for sport. Racing yachts. 2. Small (sailing, steam or motor) vessel for sea trips and sports. Deep draft steam yacht. Marine yacht. Sensible ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
YACHT- (Yacht) It is not possible to establish the exact meaning of this term, since they call a variety of vessels, ranging from a semi-decked boat to a large three-masted vessel like J. Sunbeam, owned by Brassey. Actually ... ... Marine dictionary
yacht- boer, tender, boer, Dutchman, fal kboat, monotype, oaking, tornado, finn, dinghy, dinghy, cadet, dragon, soling Dictionary of Russian synonyms. yacht n., number of synonyms: 26 boer (2) ... Synonym dictionary
YACHT- (Dutch jacht, from jagen to drive, chase), sailing, motor or sailing motor vessel for walks, sports, tourism. The most common sailing yachts differ in hull design, equipment and sail area ... Modern encyclopedia
YACHT- (from the Dutch jacht) a sailing, sailing motor or motor vessel for water sports and walks. Sports sailing yachts are distinguished by hull design, sail area, keel or centerboard. Marine yachts are made with permanent ballast ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
YACHT- YACHT, s, wives. 1. Large and light sport sailing boat. Olympic yachts (certain types of sailing dinghies, keel yachts, catamarans). 2. A small boat for walking, sports. Motor i. | adj. yachting, oh, oh and yachting, oh, oh. Yacht keel. ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
YACHT- wives. amusing, seaworthy, small ship. Yacht crew. Yacht device. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Related publications
-
Early booking Booking tours for May
Early booking of tours is the choice of those who like to plan their vacation in advance and at the same time save money. If you know the exact time of your vacation ...
-
Baby, birth registration palace
The birth of a little man is an event that all future parents are looking forward to. In any case, they will remember it for ...