Ball with basket for flights. Balloon flights

Own balloon is a children's dream of many. Today it may not only be purchased, but also to do it yourself. How? Read more!

Buy balloon

Today, several shops both abroad and in Russia offer to buy balloons, shells for them. New thermal aerostats (thermal balloons) of Russian production cost about 700 thousand rubles with all necessary components - shell, basket, burner, fan, air intake, etc. Most of the price accounts for the shell - 300-400 thousand rubles. The cost of the Czech Prevention Basket begins from 30 thousand dollars, England - from 40 thousand euros.

Used aerostats can be purchased from 400-500 thousand rubles for a complete set. In addition to the value of the device itself, the owner of the balloon will have to spend on:

• gas consumption;
• registration and certification in Rosaviation;
• annual extension of the certificate indicative of airworthiness;
• pilot remuneration (perhaps and on his training);
• remuneration by the ground service brigade, etc.

Balloon with a basket do it yourself: dome

If you decide to construct your own balloon, first of all you should do the dome. For him, it is necessary to purchase a robust nylon - polyester or polyamide. It is important that the material does not pass the air - cover the fabric from a rolombatic side with liquid polyurethane or silicone.

The next stage of nylon is cut into segments of the desired size, which are sewn particularly durable threads. A hole for an air balloon with a basket with their own hands, we are trimmed with a protective layer of material, resistant to high temperatures.

In order for the dome to be more durable, it is additionally shed vertically and horizontally tissue tapes. Fix them on the top of the dome, and the lower edges of the tapes are attached to the casket-suspension basket.

How to make a balloon: basket

Traditionally, the basket walls weave from the grape vines, and the bottom is made from the so-called sea plywood, which is resistant to temperature differences and other extreme moments. The frame is steel cables made of stainless material. They basket attached to Dome. Special leather covers that protect them from damage are put on the cables.

It is also necessary to construct special suspensions, where baggage and accessories for aeronautics will be stored.

Important element: burner

Before making a balloon, you need to carefully think over the burner design. Fuel for it is currently liquefied propane. The average power of the device is 4.5-6.0 thousand megawatts. Prish, it is precisely special burners for balloonswhich are made of durable stainless steel according to a special technology that allows the device to withstand large temperature differences.

Own balloon: instruction

Passenger aerostat at home, of course, make it difficult, but to make a test paper balloon with a basket with your own hands it is very possible. You will need:

• dense paper;
• thin paper (the so-called cigarette);
• glue;
• threads;
• twine;
• scissors;
• pencil;
• long line;
• triangle.

Now for work:

1. From the diameter of your ball will depend on the number and size of cut strips. If it is 1.5 m, then you need 12 bands, 2 m - 16, 2.5 m - 20, 3 m - 24.
2. To draw a smooth pattern, first spend a vertical line on paper equal to the length of the future strip. Through it, some perpendicular segments, equal to the width of the segment at some distance. The end points of the segments are connected by a smooth line, which will be the loop loop.
3. In the carton template, circle and cut out the contours of the segments on the tissue paper. It is most convenient to put on each other several of its layers, forming a pack, and cut out several segments.
4. Segments first glued together with "boats". Then already these "boats" need to be glued one to the other. Before taking the last seam, remove the design so that it has the shape of the ball.
5. The base of the bowl is bonded by the glittered strips of paper with the twine - this design will hold the ball when heated.
6. The top of the dome swipe the circle from the same tissue paper.
7. After the glue dries, straighten the dome, holding it above the soldering lamp.
8. To the design on the same twenter you can attach a basket for special cargo.

To start the ball, turn on the burner or raise the bonfire, hold your ball over the heat source, without releasing the Bacchow from the hands. As soon as the air inside your homemade aeronautic drug is heated, it can be released in flight.

So a balloon with a basket with your own hands can be done at home. But Passenger Aerostats is possible only to buy or rent.

The word "aerostat" is made up of the Greek words "AERO" and "STATOS", "air" and "fixed". This term is applied as the official scientific, technical and professional. In the same language, the phrase "balloon", which also has the right to exist is firmly rooted. However, the name "balloon" belongs to both a rubber toy, a descendant of an ancient bubble, sometimes filled with ordinary air, not having lifting force. Therefore, in relation to the aircraft, the word "Aerostat" is most acceptable.

The main types of aerostatov

By technical solution, the aerostats are divided into two main types. Gas-filled balloons French Professor Jacques-Alexander-Cesar Charles. The first unmanned flight Aerostat Charles committed on August 28, 1783. The first piloted free flight on a gas-filled balloon took place on December 1, 1783, the pilots were Professor Charles and Mechanic Robert. In honor of the inventor, gas-filled balls for some time called Charlesters. The shell of the gas-filled aerostat was filled with hydrogen, sometimes cheaper methane. Now the helium is used for this type of aerostat. Otherwise, a thermal aerostat is arranged, also called Mongolfier. Mongolphiers the shell is filled with hot air or a steady mixture. To maintain high air temperature inside the Mongolfier shell, equipped with burners operating most often on natural gas. The inventors of the thermal aerostat are French manufacturers Brothers Joseph and Etienne Mongolfier. Having carried away the natural sciences, the Mongolfier brothers on June 5, 1783 raised the first unmanned thermal aerostat into the sky. On September 19 of the same year, they were lifted to the Mongolfier Animals. To the height of about half a kilometer Baran, duck and rooster. The flight was successful, the ability to safely stay in the sky was proved.

First piloted flight

Preparation of the piloted flight demanded from the Mongolfier brothers to equip her ball with a furnace. So far, experiments, Etienne Mongolfier and the young physicist Pilatr de Raytea, were lifted at the Mongolfierye. On November 21, 1783, the first free piloted flight of the aerostat took place. On board were Pilatr de Roste and Marquis D 'Arland. Pilots regulated the air temperature in the shell, throwing the straw in the furnace. The flight lasted about twenty minutes and walked safely. Thus, the priority in the invention of the piloted balloon belongs to the brothers Etienne and Joseph Mongolfier. The first people rising in the air were the physicist Pilatr de Roste and Marquis D 'Arland.

Rubber balloon

The toy rubber also has an inventor. In 1824, the famous English physicist Michael Faradays smoked from two rubber plates an elastic gas-tight shell for hydrogen studies. After a few decades, this particular bubble in the sky became a favorite toy of children. Now instead of fuel hydrogen in balloons A secure helium is used.

There are no engines on the balloon nor the usual steering wheel. Of the total technological arsenal - only burners, sand bags and a special valve at the top of the dome to etch air. How to manage this aircraft?

From the history of aeronautics

The appearance of balloons was the first real embodiment of the age-old dream of humanity about the conquest of the fifth ocean. In 1306, the French missionary Bassu first described as being in China, he witnessed the flight of a balloon when he joined the throne of Emperor FO Kieen.

However, the French town of Annone is considered to be the birthplace of the airplane, where June 5, 1783 brothers of Etienne and Joseph Mongolfier raised into the sky created by them a ball-shaped balloon filled with heated air.

Flying of the aircraft weighing about 155 kg and a diameter of 3.5 meters lasted only 10 minutes. During this time, he overcame near a kilometer at a 300-meters altitude, which became an outstanding event for his time. Later, balloons in honor of the creators began to call Mongolfier.

The Balloon of the Mongolfier brothers consisted of a linen shell, covered paper. To fill it with hot air, a bonfire from finely naked straw is divorced. And 3 months later, an addition was made to the design of the aircraft in the form of a special basket for passengers.

Modern balloons are undoubtedly more perfect, but are made practically by the same scheme. For the manufacture of a spherical shell of a bowl, a special thin and durable polyester material is used. The air heating system has changed. The fire function performs the adjustable propane gas burner installed in the basket right under the dome.

Despite the greater wind dependence, modern air balloons are manageable. The height of the flight is regulated by the outlet in the top of the dome using the discontinuous cord. To change the course there is a side valve. There are also more complex designs, where another, filled with helium can be placed inside the main dome.

How to control a balloon with a basket

Air balloon management is an occupation that requires serious preparation and considerable financial costs. It is enough to say that about 200 thousand rubles today is about 200 thousand rubles today. The price of the aerostat itself (depending on the model) is commensurate with the price of a passenger car.

Preparation

Flight is preceded by careful preparation. First of all, it is necessary to study meteo conditions - cloudiness, visibility and wind speed. In accordance with the data obtained, the flight route is planned. Due to unforeseen changes, meteo conditions are selected precisely such a route where there are enough places for safe landings.

Takeoff

So that the balloon takes off, the efforts of the entire crew are needed. The optimal option for the start - a flat platform of 50 x 50 meters in an open field, where there are no extraneous objects - pillars, trees, LEP.

Then the ball assembly begins: burners are attached to the basket, which are connected by special hoses with gas cylinders. After a trial launch of the burner, the crew embarks the dome (necessarily in the direction of the wind). Next, the stretched dome with special carbines is fastened to the basket.

The next step is to fill the dome of the cold air using the fan, after which the burner is started for heating air. Preheated air raises the dome from the ground, and the crew (with passengers) occupies its places. So that the ball does not flew away, he is pre-tied to the car.

Flight

Despite the lack of motor and wings, the balloon is controlled, which requires certain skills. Basic controls - burners and exhaust valve. For a set of height, the burner turns on and the air is additionally heated, and to reduce the valve is turned off. The horizontal flight occurs due to the passing wind. It is here that the skill of the pilot is manifested. So to fly faster, it can increase the height of the flight, where the wind speed is stronger.

Descent

Place of landing is selected in advance. It should be big and safe. The perfect option is a football field next to the car dear. About the landing site crew on the radio reports to Earth. Next, the pilot produces air from the dome with the valve. The ball smoothly descends on the ground.

The name of this aircraft lighter than air speaks for itself. A huge shell of the material is impenetrable for gas - rubberized fabric or plastic - inflatable either with warm air, which is known to be lighter than cold or light gas (hydrogen or helium), and the balloon rises, fascinating the basket with passengers.

The ball, inflated with warm air, was called Mongolfier - named French, Brothers Joseph and Etienne Mongolfier. In the summer of 1783, they built a balloon, the first passengers of which were ram and cock. The flight was successful. After making sure the flights are safe, people began to fly on Mongolfier. The first such flight in November of the same 1783 was made by the French Pilatre de Roste and D "Arland. So the era of aeronautics began - flights on aircraft lighter than air.

Since Mongolfieriers flew very long - they went down, as soon as the air was cooled into them, the flights on them were only purely entertaining. For flights with practical, military and scientific purposes, balloons were used, inflounted by hydrogen or helium. To observe the solar eclipse in 1887, a well-known Russian scientist D. I. Mendeleev made a flight on such a ball.

Gradually, balloons began to do a wide variety of forms. Therefore, the name is the balloon - outdated. Nowadays everything aircrafts Easier air is called aerostats.

In the 30s. XX century Several high-altitude balls were built, designed to study the upper layers of the atmosphere - stratostates. So that people could be long ago to be at high altitude, do not suffer from lack of oxygen, gondola stratostat, in which the crew was a hermetic. Stratostates with such cabins reached the height of over 20 km.

However, a free flying aerostat is a wind toy. He flies not to where the crew wants, and where it pulls his air flow. Therefore, uncontrollable aerostats did not receive widespread. For replacing, they first came controlled balloons - airships, and then aircraft heavier than air - aircraft and helicopters. True, during the first and second world wars in the army of many countries as mobile observation points, for the suspension of radio antenna, airborne contractions against the aviation of the enemy were used binding balls associated with the ground surface with a solid steel cable.

Currently, balloons find themselves use in meteorology (see meteorological technique) to run for large heights of automatic meteorological stations and for sports purposes. Modern durable gas-tight materials, gas burners, allowing without much trouble to maintain high air temperature inside the ball sufficiently long time, allowed to achieve high security of such sports flights. Athletes in balloons sometimes manage to overcome very significant distances. So, in 1978, a prosperous flight was performed in a balloon through the Atlantic Ocean.