Great Britain Geographical location. Characteristics of the economy-geographical position of Great Britain

Note 1.

The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of the Kingdom is London. The country occupies the British Islands to the north-west of Continental Europe. Often called the country just England - by the name of the historical part or by the name of the largest island - United Kingdom.

The British Islands includes separated by the Irish Sea, the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as about $ 5 $ thousand smaller islands. Among them, such as Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, can be called. From the north to south, the island of the United Kingdom extended $ 966 $ km, and the width, even the highest at $ 2 $ times less. From Sweden and Denmark, the British archipelago separates the shallow North Sea. From France, the islands are separated by two narrow straits - La Mans and Pa de Cala. Under the strait of La Mans, a tunnel is functioning from $ 1993 to a year, a length of $ 49 $ km. Traveling from London to Paris on the train will take $ 3 $ an hour. The Atlantic Ocean ishes the northern and western banks of the British Islands. In the coastal zone there is a lot of bays, bays, a delta, peninsulas.

The borders of the United Kingdom, with the exception of Ireland, are marine. Strongly rugged coastline has a length of more than $ 100 $ km. Sometime, the British archipelago was part of Europe, but as a result of the flooding of lowland lands, was cut off from the mainland. Through the London Greenwich Observatory undergoes zero meridian, so noted the geographical location of the country.

The total area of \u200b\u200bGreat Britain is $ 240842 $ square km. From the countries of the United Kingdom the largest both in the area and the population is EnglandWhat is explained by its domination in British history. The minor distances between the countries of the United Kingdom contributed to the creation of a political union and close ties.

The United Kingdom is at the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations. This Commonwealth is a political and economic education consisting of $ 50 former colonies and dominions. The kingdom is separated from the continent, which is an important geographical feature. This feature contributed to the fact that for many centuries it did not experience a foreign invasion, although herself participated in European wars. Being on the ways to the world ocean, the United Kingdom has always used this benefit. The island position has always contributed to the development of shipbuilding, and was a guarantee of a safe strategic situation, gave the opportunity to remain independent.

Sea and air transport routes passing through the United Kingdom, associate Europe with North America.

The composition of the territory

The United Kingdom in its composition includes $ 4 $ previously independent areas - Wales, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland. Each area has its own administrative division. There is a Britain and dependent territory. These include $ 3 $ dependent land and $ 11 $ dependent territories - only $ 14 $. In addition to these dependent territories, there are so-called corona possessions. They are not part of the United Kingdom and do not belong to overseas territories. They are located in the coastal waters of the island of the United Kingdom. Crown possessions are $ 2 $ Norman Islands - Jersey, Guernsey and Man Island, located in the Irish Sea. Their residents are citizens of the United Kingdom.

England is the largest area of \u200b\u200bthe kingdom area and takes more than half of its territory. On Scotland, which occupies the second place, accounts for the third part of the territory and one tent is occupied by Wales. Square of Northern Ireland is only $ 14 $ thousand square meters.

England It is the largest administrative political part of the kingdom. In the north she borders with Scotland, in the West - with Wales. $ 84 $% live from the total population of the country in England. The area of \u200b\u200bthis area is $ 133.4 $ thousand square meters, and the population is $ 53 million. Here is the capital of the whole country - London. The largest cities, except the capital, are:

• Leather
• Manchester,
• Birmingham,
• Sheffield,
• Leeds,
• Liverpool,
• Coventry.

England occupies the southern part of the island of Great Britain and refers to the place where a huge number of attractions are concentrated. English and Anglican Church originated in this historical region. London was the center of the British Empire. This is the place of birth of the industrial revolution, so the England became the first industrially developed country in the world. The British economy is represented by industry, agriculture, high-tech industries, sports industries.

The second administrative political part of the United Kingdom - WalesLocated in the southwestern part of the UK. From $ 3 $ sides is washed by the sea, and only the eastern border of Wales takes place with English counties - Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire. Coastline extended $ 1200 $ km. Wales Area $ 20.8 $ thousand square meters. The relief of the territory is mainly mountainous, turning into high hills, and a significant part of the territory is covered by national parks - Snowdonia, Bracon-Bracious, Pembrokustr-Coast. According to the census of $ 2011, the city in Wales lived a little more than $ 3 $ million inhabitants, and the main peoples are Welsh and the British.

Scotland - Another administrative-political part of the kingdom, located in the northern part of the UK island and having an land border with England. From other sides it was washed by the sea of \u200b\u200bthe Atlantic Ocean. The area of \u200b\u200bthe territory is $ 78.7 thousand square meters km, which lives $ 5.3 million. The capital is the city of Edinburgh, and besides her, the major cities include Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dundee. Scotland owns a large number of small islands, a significant part of which is uninhabited. Large oil deposits of the Atlantic Ocean and part of the North Sea belong to Scotland, and the city of Aberdeen is nicknamed the oil and energy capital of Europe.

Northern Ireland. The territory is located just $ 21 $ km from the Scottish coast. This is the fourth administrative-political part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The capital is the city of Belfast. Northern Ireland in an administrative plan is divided by $ 6 $ counties and $ 26 $ districts. Actually, Ireland is divided by $ 4 $ historical areas - Olster, Manster, Leunster, Connovat. Olster, in turn, is divided by another $ 9 of counties, $ 6 $ from which relate to Northern Ireland. Three remaining counties - Donegal, Kavan, Monkhan - belong to the Irish Republic.

In Northern Ireland, there were 3 groups of the population:

1. East of Northern Ireland populated Presbyterians - these are immigrants from Scotland;
2. Northern and central territories settled britishbelonging to the Anglican Church;
3. The remains of the indigenous population - Catholics - remained in extreme western regions and areas of border with Ireland.

All $ 3 $ groups not only differ in religion and culture, but, and each other are very wary. The population is $ 1.6 million. A person and lives mainly in rural areas, because Northern Ireland refers to the agrarian region of the United Kingdom.

Farmland of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom refers to the Western European countries whose GDP is more than a trillion dollars. She is the world commercial and financial center. In the international division of labor, the country acts as a supplier of industrial products. It must be said that in the modern world the role of the kingdom is determined by the banking, insurance, ship-freight activity. The gross national product by $ 45 $% increases through the service sector, which includes transport and communications, retail, insurance, banking system, financial institutions, health care, education. The share of services is increasing faster than the proportion of the manufacturing industry. The share of agriculture and the share of the extractive industry decreases. Capital export remains the most important thing of the income of international monopolies of Britain.

Note 2.

Today is characterized by the fact that the United Kingdom has lost many economic advantages. Among them can be called such:

1. Undigested control over world deposits of non-ferrous metals, oil, natural rubber;
2. Lost control over cheap products of agriculture;
3. Control over the guaranteed sales markets of industrial goods;
4. Lost infinite capabilities of capital export on all continents.

IN industry Countries that give $ 1/3 part of the gross national product, occupy $ 1/3 part part of the economically active population. Bridal raw materials are used to work and is a focus on the external market. Traditional industries today are lagging behind modern industries using progressive technology and labor organization, the latest equipment and modern management methods. The concentration of production led to the formation of the largest associations of industrialists, for example, "Imperial Kemikal Industries". "Unilever", "British Leyland", "General Electric Company". These associations work $ 200 thousand thousand people.

Industrial enterprises are concentrated in a densely populated belt from London to Lancashir and from West Yorkshire to Gloucestershira. Other large industrial areas are located in South Wales, in the North-East of England and Central Scotland

IN agriculture The kingdom employs only $ 2 $% of the economically active population of the country. It is effective, intensively and on European standards is highly mechanified. The country fully provides its needs in barley, oats, potatoes, poultry meat, pork, eggs and fresh milk. But, nevertheless, many foods of the kingdom imports. In imports $ 4 / $ 5 cream oil, $ 2/3 $ sugar, half of wheat, bacon, $ 1/4 $ part of beef consumed and veal. The leading industry of agriculture is animal husbandry, and the conditions for it are more favorable. Livestock district is located in the western, wet part of the island of UK.

The United Kingdom is formed on most of the British islands, which are located on the north-west coast of the Neuropa. The United Kingdom is separated from the continent of La Manche. "United Kingdom" - a geographical expression, but "United Kingdom" is a political expression. The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes England, Wales and Scotland.

The United Kingdom is actually the largest of the islands group, which is located between the Northern Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Full area - 242 534 square meters. km. The United Kingdom is only less than 1,000 km long from the southern coast of England to the extreme north of Scotland, and only less than 500 km across in the widest part.

The population of Great Britain - 57 million people. The British Islands today are divided into two separate and independent states. The smaller of them is the Republic of Ireland, with its capital in Dublin, and more, with London as its capital, - the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This is a long name - the result of a complex story. The island of Great Britain contains three "nations", which were separated in earlier stages of their history: England, Scotland and Wales. Wales became part of the English administrative system by the 16th century. Scotland was not fully combined with England to 1707. The United Kingdom of Great Britain is the name that was introduced in 1801 when the United Kingdom became united with Ireland.

England

The greatest and most densely inhabited Great Britain - England. The population of England - 47, 837 million people. England is ricked up by the Northern Sea, the Irish Sea, La Mansha and the Davrian Strait. The name "England" received from the angles. The Roman Board has stretched for more than 300 years. The last invasion of England took place in 1066, when Duke William in Normandy won the British when the battle of Hastings. Then English was very transformed.

The capital of England London, who is the greatest city in the UK. It is located on the River Thames (the most important). There are many rivers in England, the longest - norn. England is mainly low country. Nagorny areas are located in the north and southwest. North England, Intrinary and South England - each part is excellent, but very picturesque.

The British love to spend their holidays in the lake edge, which is located in North England.

The main industries in England - the wool industry (with its center in Leeds and Bradford), heavy machines, shipbuilding, cotton industry (center is Manchester).

Scotland

Scotland is the northernmost part of the island of Great Britain. His population is more than 5 million people. Scotland was inhabited mainly by picats.

In the 6th century, the Scots from Ireland (or Scotia) agreed that it was now argyll, giving her name of modern Scotland. During the 9th century, various parts of Scotland were united in protection against Vikings. A powerful monarchy, which existed in England, threatened Scottish independence to all Middle Ages. In 1603, James VI in Scotland also became James VI in England, when Queen Elizabeth I was died without children. In 1651, Scotland was merged with England, although Scotland kept her own parliament. In 1707, both countries, understanding the benefits of a closer political and economic union, agreed on the only parliament for the UK.

Cheviot Hills celebrates the border between England and Scotland. Most of Scotland is surrounded by sea. Scotland includes Hebrid Islands on the west coast and Orkni and Shetland Islands on the northern coast. It is limited to the North Sea in the East.

Scotland is divided into three parts: mountainous terrain, middle-storey lowland and South Scottish elevation. Mountain terrain is one of the oldest mountains in the world. There are many valleys and lakes in this area; The most famous lake is Loch Ness.

Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the middle-wide lowland. The largest city is Glasgow. This is an industrial city and an important port in the UK. Shipbuilding is the leading industry. But other industries of the type of iron and steel, technical and coal industry are highly developed as well. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh. This is the Cultural Center of Scotland.

Wales

In 1301, after applying the defeat of the Native Prince of Wales, the king of England Edward I called his son Prince Wales. Since then, the most senior son of the King or Queen of England traditionally gave this title. In 1536 Wales was brought to the English system of the national and local authority of the Act of the Union.

Most of the UK was inhabited by the Celts until the 4th century. Wales and English - both official languages \u200b\u200bin Wales now.

Wales population - more than 3 million people. Approximately 75% of Wales people live in urban areas.

Wales - a country of old mountains, hard mountains. North Wales - Country of Mountains and Deep Valleys. South Wales - Land of High Hills. The capital of Wales is Cardiff (industrial city and port). Cardiff is an administrative and educational center. Such industry industries as a coal industry, steel production electronics, electrical development are developed in this part of the country.

Walessets love folk music, singing and poetry. Wales literature is one of the oldest in Europe.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Is Situated On The British Isles and Lies to the North-West Of Continental Europe. It is separated from the continent by The English Channel And The North of Dover in The South And The North Sea in The East. In Everyday Speech The Term "Great Britain" is often Applied to the United Kingdom as a whole.

The British Isles Consist of Two Main Islands and A Large Group of Smaller Islands. Great Britain Is separated from Ireland by The Irish Sea. Historically The Territory of Great Britain Is Divided Into 3 Parts: England, Scotland and Wales. IT DOESNT INCLUDE NORTHERN IRELAND. The Population of Great Britain Is Over 60 Million People. The Total Area IS 209 000 KM 2 (Two Hundred and Nine Thousand Square Kilometers).

The British Landscape Is Very Varied. Geographically The Island of Great Britain Is Made Up of Three Main Regions: Lowland, Midland and Highland Britain. The Midlands Occupy Central Counties of England. This is A Region of Valleys and Low Hills. Lowland Britain Covers The Territory of Eastern and Southern England. Highland Britain Comprises Scotland, Most Of Wales, The Pennine Chain and the Lake District in England. Scotland and Wales Are The Most Mountainous Parts of Great Britain. Ben Nevis in Scotland Is The Highest Point (1343 Metres). Along The Western Coast Runs The Mountain Range of Cumberland. The Cheviot Hills Mark The Boundary Between England and Scotland.

The Rivers In Great Britain Are Quite Short And Most of Them Flow in the Eastward Direction. The Tweed, The Trent, The Severn, The Tweed, The Trent, The Tyne) Never Freeze in Winter and Allo All-Year Navigation.

Transfer

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is located on the British Islands and lies to the north-west of continental Europe. From the continent, it is separated by the Strait of La Mans and Pa de Calais in the south and the North Sea in the East. In everyday life, the term "United Kingdom" is often used to the entire United Kingdom as a whole.

British islands consist of two main islands (Great Britain and Ireland) and a large group of small islands. The UK separates from Ireland Irish Sea. Historically, the territory of Great Britain is divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. It does not include Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom's population exceeds 60 million people. The total territory is 209,000 square meters.

British landscape is very diverse. Geographically, the island of Great Britain has developed from three main areas: lowlands, middle strip and highlands of Britain. The middle bar occupies the central counties of England. This is a terrain with valleys and low hills. British lowland covers the territory of Eastern and South England. Alpine Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, Pennic Mountains and the Lake Territory in England. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest point (1343 meters). Along the west coast runs the mountain chain of Cumberland. Cheviot Hills Mountains celebrate the border between England and Scotland.

The features of the economy-geographical position of Great Britain include the placement of the state on the islands, as well as the presence of a land border with only one power - Ireland. In addition, the United Kingdom includes 4 major areas: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Physics and geographical position of Great Britain

The United Kingdom or the United Kingdom is an island state located in the North-West of Europe. It is the island of the United Kingdom, the northern part of Ireland Island, as well as many smaller islands and archipelagoes belonging to the British Islands. In addition, the state belongs to several island archipelagos located in Oceania, Indian and Atlantic Oceans.

Fig. 1. Island of United Kingdom.

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In ancient times, the British Islands were part of the Eurasian continent, however, the melting of glaciers and flooding lands led to the formation of the North Sea and the strait of La Mans, which were separated by the UK from Europe.

The United Kingdom is located in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Atlantic Ocean, which is represented by several small seas: northern, Irish, Celtic and Hebrid.

The United Kingdom Square is 243.8 thousand square meters. km, of which the inner waters occupy 3.23 thousand square meters. km. The length of the state from north to south is 966 km, and the distance in its widest part is about 480 km. The most extreme point in the south is Cornins Peninsula, and in the north - archipelago Shetland Islands.

All the coast is raised by numerous delta, bays, bays and peninsulas, as a result of which the maximum remoteness of any dot country from the sea does not exceed 120 km.

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Fig. 2. Coast of Great Britain.

The coast of the sea depth is about 90 m, since the British islands are located on the continental shelf - a raised seabed connected to the mainland. The warm flow of golphustrium maintains a sufficiently high water temperature in the shelf, so that the climate on the islands is much softer even taking into account their northern location.

Border of Great Britain

The United Kingdom has a land border with only one state - the Republic of Ireland, which occupies the southern part of Ireland Island, while its northern part belongs to the UK.

All other borders of the country - sea:

• in the south, the UK separates the Strait of La Mans from France;
• in the south-east, the island state is separated from Belgium and Norway shallow northern sea.

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A large role in the UK reports with mainland European states is played by the Strait of La Mans, which is often called the English Channel. At the end of the twentieth century, a tunnel was laid for high-speed railway. In addition, the relationship between countries is carried out by air and waterways.

The islands where the United Kingdom is located, are located northwest of the continental part of Europe. To date, the country occupies one of the most important places in the structure of the global economy, and the locomotive of its economic development is the service area and financial sector.

Where is the United Kingdom? Geography of the country

The state is located on the British Isles and a few more smaller island groups, which include Hebrid, Orkney, Shetland, Angles, Arran and White.

The climate itself and where the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is located, involves a significant effect of the sea for all aspects of people's life. Islands are washed by North, Celtic, Hebrid and Irish seas, as well as the waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

From the mainland of Europe of the island, where the United Kingdom is separated by the strait of La Mans, or as the British themselves are called, the English channel. In the most narrower, the width of the Strait barely exceeds thirty-five kilometers, and the Eurotonnel, according to which the railway communication between the United Kingdom and France occurs in this place.

Geography and administrative division

The region where the country of the United Kingdom is located in people still in Early Paleolite. However, the written history of Britain begins in 43, when the Romans won the islands. Of course, writing sources indicated the existence of culture in the country and before the arrival of the Romans, but this information was extremely small and fragmentary.

The modern administrative division of the country is due to the historical factors to which the formation of the Norman kingdoms in the west of the country belongs. In administrative terms, the kingdom is divided into England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

More than half of the territory of the country is occupied by England, which is predominantly plain territory, hills on the territory are found only in the north, where the Pennic Mountains are located, and the North-West, where Cambridge Mountains spread.

England is the historic core of the formation of the kingdom and the region where the capital of Great Britain is located - London.

Geography of Scotland

And in historical, and in the geographical sense, Scotland is a completely special region of the country. It takes a little less than a third of the territory of Great Britain and has a difficult story of entering the country.

In addition, the territory of Scotland includes more eight hundred islands of different types, among whom Gebrid and Shetland archipelagos are especially allocated.

From the geological point of view, Scotland is divided into two large and very different regions, the border of which is a spill of Highland, which goes from the island of Arran in the West to Stonhaioven in the East. North-Scottish Highlands is located to the north-west, and the region, known as Lowland, is located.

The North Scottish Highlands is distinguished by the harsh climate and the presence of almost all mountains available in the region. Here is the highest point of the country - Mount Ben-Nevis, 1343 meters high above sea level.

In turn, Lowland has a more even landscape and temperate climate, which led to a significantly greater population of the region. On its territory there are the most significant cities of Scotland, including her capital - Edinburgh.

Geography and history of Wales

Wales is one of the historical provinces of Great Britain, with its own history of relationships with the British Crown. Despite the fact that the region takes less than ten percent of the territory of the kingdom, it is of great importance for the state economy. The main sector of the economy is pasture cattle breeding and production of high-quality wool, as well as dairy products.

Unlike Scotland, Wales never possessed sovereignty in the current boundaries, and his final merger with England occurred already in the XVI century. Despite the significant growth of industry in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century, the overwhelming majority of the Wales population lives in small settlements.

An interesting fact is that until the middle of the twentieth century, the region did not have the official capital. Only in 1955, the queen proclaimed Cardiff in the capital of the region. In addition, Wales is an unclosed region, the number of residents of which barely exceeds three million people.

Colonial system collapse

After World War II, there are significant changes associated with the construction of a new world order, the division of the planet for two opposing economic camps and the decomposition of the colonial management system.

By the time the United Kingdom was the largest in the territory of the colonial empire with many overseas possessions. However, serious social and economic shocks caused by war did not allow any such extensive territories under control as India. The colonial empire ceased to exist with the provision of sovereignty by British possessions in Asia and Africa.

However, with some sovereign countries, the Commonwealth of Nations was formed, in which Canada, Australia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Namibia, Cameroon and New Zealand entered. From a formal point of view, the head of all these states is the British monarch.

Economy Great Britain

The region where the United Kingdom is located, occupies key positions in the global financial system, but also from the point of view of production potential, it is extremely important not only for Europe, but also for the whole world.

For a long time, the United Kingdom was the main center of industrial and scientific innovations that followed the first industrial revolution started in this kingdom.

But today in terms of economic, industrial and technological and scientific development, the country stands at about the same level with the United States and Japan, and London's GDP is the largest in Europe compared to other cities.

The key place in the industrial sector of the country belongs to the automotive industry, in which more than eight hundred thousand people are busy, and the total turnover is more than 52 billion pounds.

Modern state of affairs in the country

Answering the question about where the United Kingdom is and on what hemisphere is, it is necessary to answer immediately that the country is fully located in the Western and Northern Hemispheres, and therefore belongs to the region in which the main wealth, industrial technologies and scientific knowledge are concentrated.

In 2016, a referendum was held in the country, based on the results of which the United Kingdom should get out of the European Union, which will create completely new conditions in the European and global economy.

In addition, this event has significantly affected the pan-European policy, causing a wave of doubts and fluctuations in the need to continue the construction of a united Europe.