About the railway all interesting. 50 interesting facts about railways

1. Two equator lengths.

The total length of railway lines owned by Russian Railways -85.2 thousand km. If all the available RZD rails lay out along the equator, it would be enough for two circles and a little more left. Moreover, one of these two circles was electrified and could walk by train and electric locomotives. The second round - would remain exclusively for diesel locomotives, smoked heaven from the pipe. The length of electrified lines is 42.9 thousand km.

2. Russian railways consume up to 6% of all generated electricity in the country, or 44 billion kWh per year, and 10% diesel fuel.

3. High-speed trains - Russian Railways pride. Their photos are printed on posters and booklets, on the company's website everywhere hangs banners with their advertising. To date, Russian Railways have five trains called high-speed. Two of them are "Sapsan" and "Nevsky Express" - they run between Moscow and St. Petersburg, between Moscow and the Nizhny Novgorod walk "Sapsan", "Burevestnik" (twin brother of Nevsky Express) and "Swallow". And from St. Petersburg in Helsinki walks "Allegro". The fastest of them are "Sapsans" and Allegro, they go to 220 km / h.

4. The longest route of the train is Kharkov - Vladivostok (No. 053), the distance is 9722 km (in the reverse direction - 9715 km).

The most extended direct routes - 10 267 km: Moscow  Pyongyang via Khabarovsk (directive car to train № 001/002 Moscow Vladivostok) and Kiev → Vladivostok (foreign car train number 053 Kharkov Vladivostok).

5. At the highest point, the railway canvas rises on the Transsiber between Turgutus and Apple Blank Stations. The composition moves here at an altitude of 1040 meters. In second place in height above sea, the Kizh station is occupied, which is the west of the Petrovsky plant, whose height is more than 900 meters. And at the third place of the high-altitude pedestal is the Andrianovsky Pass, which is located west of Baikal. Its height reaches 900 meters.

6. The coldest place on the railway is located on the site of the Trans-Siberian highway between the villages Mogocha and Skovorodino. Interestingly, this site is not the northernmost from the point of view of geography, but the coldest in terms of climate. This place can be called the real pole of the cold, as the temperature in the winter is sometimes lowered to - 62 degrees. It is difficult to imagine how in the zone of permafrost when it was laid by rail.

7. Annually in Russia, 1,300,000,000 passengers enjoy rail transport. That is, each resident of Russia in the year is 9 times by train. However, this figure is far from the limit. In the USSR, each person accounted for 15 travel trips.

8. The Trans-Siberian Highway is considered the most extended railway not only in Russia, but also throughout the world. The length of this railway from the find to Moscow is 9438 kilometers. There are 97 major stations on this road.

9. The Middle Transsib Station is called "Half". From her to Moscow and to Vladivostok identical distance.

10. Before the revolution in Russia existed the same major society of Russian railways, formed on January 26, 1857 in accordance with the Imperial Decree of Alexander II. The founders of the Company were Russian, Polish, British and French bankers. The capital of the Company was 275 million rubles with silver. The first Chairman of the Board of Management of the Company was Baron Peter Casimirovich Meyendorf, and the head of the director was Karl Koldignon - the main inspector of bridges and roads of France.

In the modern world there are many options for overcoming large distances. You can go on the road by bus, car, plane or train, and all these means of movement do not seem to be awesome.

However, a few centuries ago, nothing from the above was, and people were just beginning to create things usually.

Even before the emergence of the steam engine in the world there was a prototype of the railway. The origin of railway transport, which we now present it, began in the XVIII-XIX centuries.

For a few centuries, humanity passed the way from steam locomotive to high-speed sapsanov. A multitude of scientists and inventors who managed to make a real breakthrough for the development of rail transport.

Dopar era

In fact, the rails existed long before the appearance of the steam engine. It is believed that the first rail dear was the wolf diolk, where the slaves pushed the carts for deepening in limestone in the 6th century BC

Then the railways appeared in Europe, they worked at the expense of traction of people or animals. The rails were wooden and were widespread on mines for the transfer of mined rock to ships.

The history of the modern road began at the beginning of the XVIII century, during the industrial revolution. Machine production gradually crowded manual production, and in the field of railways, there was also a breakthrough.

Inventors abused the engine creating, which will not be driven by human resources. The first "swallow" was the steam engine of Thomas Severi, which he patented in 1698. After a few decades, he was improved and became a real breakthrough.

The oldest railway road in the world was founded at the end of the XV century near the city of Salzburg. Previously, the lift of Ricezug worked at the expense of traction of people or animals, but now functions on the electric motor.

Steam engines

The next milestone of the railway development has become a steam engine, which radically changed the concept of this type of transport. An idea arose to replace the resource for thrust with a person (animal) on a mobile locomotive that could move wagons on rails.

The embodiment of this idea accelerated after the creation of the first in the history of the steam engine. In 1769, the inventor from Scotland James Watt patented a heavy steam car, which he enhanced 1782. The updated option was suitable for use in locomotives, as it was more compact and powerful.

The first who was able to imagine a wagon on the steam engine was the Frenchman Kyuno's Frenchman. His invention can be safely called the precursor of the steam locomotives, although the test ended with failure.

Success came to Richard Trevica, who in 1797 managed to present a steam wagon. He took up the development of a wagon that could move on rails, as the ground roads were in a sad state. And, since 1801, he created several successful locomotive models, which were first used on an attraction railway.

Indirectly to the sharp jump in the development of the railway message, the emperor Napoleon itself put his hand. His war with most European countries led to the rise in price of many products, including the grain, which went to food horses. Since all major enterprises used horsepower, they had to urgently take measures to replace horses without losses.

The Middleton Railway began to be used as an experimental site, which began to use steam traction. She began work in 1758 and first carried out transportation at the expense of horses who dragged the trolley rails. It was for MIDLTON in 1812 the first commercially successful locomotive "Salamanca" was designed.

It is worth noting that the experiments on the operation of steam thrust were not always successful. Twice the boiler exploded there, and in 1866 the road again moved to the use of horses. By the way, it was here that the very first professional engineer was trained, James Hewitt, who died during the second explosion.

Thus, experiments on the creation of a successful locomotive continued for several decades, and only in 1825 the opening of the railway, an affordable public, took place. She was officially opened on September 27, and 600 passengers took the opening on the opening day. Passed the composition of the locomotive Locomotion number 1, built by the inventor George Stephenson.

The road stretches for 40 kilometers and at that time was the first intended for general use. Since then, the railway hype has spread to other countries and has become a real breakthrough in the industrial revolution.

Golden age

It is not surprising that with the creation of the first successful locomotives, the railway network began to develop sevenmal steps. In 1830, the first railway road in the world was opened in England, which connected two cities, Manchester and Liverpool. She was, as it should, with stations and stretched 56 kilometers.

After 20 years in England, there were already 11,000 km of railways, which launched the whole country. In other European countries, this transport was also very popular.

The first prerequisites for the appearance of railway tracks on the American continent appeared in the second decade of the XIX century, when Colonel John Stevens got the right to build a company.

By 1826, Stevens introduced his first locomotive, working for a couple, which was held successful tests. And in 1830, the United States caught up with Europe and opened the first public road.

By 1840, the total length of railways in the country stretched 4.4 thousand km, and by 1860 - by 48 thousand kilometers! Although the inhabitants of the country did not immediately like the innovation, many considered the locomotives "the sons of the devil" and preferred to travel in the old manner.

Since the 1860s, the golden age of railway transport begins in the USA. This sphere fell into the hands of Magnam, the government allocated generous subsidies for each mile of rails, so it is not surprising that in half a century the number of kilometers increased to 408 thousand.

The railway contributed to the union of the country into a single domestic market and helped develop metallurgy and mechanical engineering.

Russian railway

For Russia, the history of this convenient type of transport began significantly later, in the 1830s. The prerequisites have already existed, for example, on the Muses of Altai existed narrow-chain ways with rails for the transport of rock.

In 1788, in the city of Petrozavodsk, the first railway line appeared in the Russian Empire called "Casting Cover".

However, an all-available railway appeared much later, in 1836 Nikolai I ordered to build a Tsarskoye road. A year later, the solemn discovery took place, and the emperor himself swept from St. Petersburg to the royal village.

A serious impetus for the development of this type of transport was the defeat in the Crimean War. In the 1850s, one of the reasons for the failure was that in this part of the Russian Empire there was not yet a railway communication. By decree of the government began to actively construct the railway network across the country.

The longest road in the world, the Trans-Siberian Highway, was founded in 1891. At the moment, her record could not beat, because the length is 9.2 thousand kilometers.

In the period of the USSR, rail transport continued to actively develop, the invaluable contribution was made by Boris Beshchev. He stayed by the Minister of Communications since 1948 for 29 years. By 1965 he managed to reduce the use of steam thrust to 24%, the rest of the message was carried out at the expense of electricity and diesel locomotives.

At the moment, most of the railway canvase belongs to Russian Railways. In total there are 124 thousand km of ways, and 86 thousand of them are for public use.

Rail transport now

Of course, now the trains do not drive at the expense of steam locomotives, but at the expense of electric traction. For the first time this invention was presented in 1879, when Siemens returns at the exhibition introduced the only one at that time the railroad with a length of 300 meters operating on electricity. In the same year, this technology was used in factory in France.

Then in 1880, the Russian engineer F. Pyrootsky launched a car with 40 passengers using an electric current. And already in 1881, the first railway track in history operating on electricity was opened in Berlin.

The end of the First World War was a significant impetus for the mass electrification of the railways. Gradually, the countries of Europe, the USA and Russia became of the country's railway tracks.

Having mastered the trains operating on electric traction, the world engaged in the development of high-speed trains. The first successes were recorded back in 1903, when the train overcame the high-speed border of 200 km / h.

European countries began to prepare projects to create a high-speed movement, but Japan became the first country with such a network. In 1959, the construction of the road between Tokyo and Osaka began, the movement on which was reached by 210 km / h. At the moment, the development of high-speed rail will not stop.

Railway records

As we mentioned, the longest railway in the world is the Trans-Siberian Highway. It can be overcome, on average, a week of travel.

As for high-speed records, now the technology will no longer be equal to those who were a hundred years ago. The last high-speed record among the trains belongs to the Japanese MLX01, which accelerated to the speed of 603 km / h.

The deepest part of the railway is the Tunnel of Sanchik, which passes at a depth of 240 meters below sea level. But the highest station is considered the tangle in Chinese Tibet at an altitude of 5068 km above sea level.

Railway communication made a huge impetus for the development of industry and allowed humanity to reach a new level of development. About this day Railways are one of the safest and most convenient types of transport.

Opening of the railway communication Moscow - St. Petersburg has become a real event. That's just a simple people were in a hurry to use the innovation. A terrible rumbling thing caused genuine fear. To promote rail transportation to the masses, it was decided to make a passage to free. And this measure has occurred. Trains very soon ceased to be afraid.

It is a pity that free travel from Moscow to Peter remained in the distant past. The story of the promotion was short. You could go there and back only in the first three days after the opening of the corresponding railway branch.

Magic numbers

The first trains in Russia and Europe were available about 9% of the population of those cities, between which the railway message was established. Today (on average, of course), every Russian drives along the railway about 9 times a year. And the total number of guests have long exceeded 1.3 billion people per year.

Noteworthy Transsib

Among the domestic railways, the most noteworthy was the Trans-Siberian Highway. She has a lot of status. For example, this railway is known as the longest in the world. Transsib is 9438 kilometers, more than 8 days in the way. The train stops on 97 large stations on the route and drives a lot of small.

And then there is half the way on the transussier. Station, located exactly in the middle of the railway between Moscow and Vladivostok, and is called. The distance from "Half" to both cities is the same. Transsib is also considered the coldest railway. Part of it passes along the climatic zone, where -62˚С is the usual temperature. Remarkable Fact: The coldest point of the route does not coincide with the northernmost.

Evolution speed

The first passenger train in the world went on rails at speeds, barely reaching the mark at 33 km / h. A little later accelerates it was already up to 38 and even 42 kilometers per hour. Modern high-speed trains are chased by rail at a speed of 320-430 km / h. And experimental innovative compositions are able to accelerate up to 603 km / h. And this, as scientists and engineers say, far from the limit.

Cargo trains also put records

The first cargo railway in Russia had a length of only 2 kilometers. Cased this miracle of science and technology of their time - what would you think? Equestrian!

The longest shops in the history of the railway went at different ends of the world. One transported coal (no little - 42,000 tons for the flight) on the Uraliz Ekibastuz still in the era of the USSR. The train consisted of 440 wagons. Their total length exceeded 6.5 kilometers.

Breaks the record was in South Africa. Here the train came out of 660 wagons. The total length of their length was 7.3 km away. That's just an experiment, unlike Soviet, did not make practical sense. The canvas could not stand the load, and the railway had to close for the repair for a long time.

Safety above all

Are you afraid to ride a train? Perhaps the next fact will help you change your attitude to this transport. Moving by rail is 45 times safer than road. The risk of getting into an accident on the train is significantly lower than in the car.

Want maximal security guarantees? Choose a carrier TKS. Their location in the composition and modern technical equipment ensure security and comfort during the trip.

Such a familiar thing for us - Railway! One of the most reliable and affordable and beloved many types of transport. I bought a train ticket, came to the station. Now, no one recalls that when opening the railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow, travel in the first three days made free precisely because everyone was afraid of this "terrible thing."

On average, each of us is 9 times a year becomes a passenger of the railway. The average number of passengers of Russian Railways per year is 1 billion 300 million.

The most remarkable railway is the Trans-Siberian Highway. It is the longest in the world. From Moscow to Nakhodka - 9438 km and 97 large stations. Going along this route a company train "Russia", which is located on the way 8 days 4 hours and 25 minutes.

The most middle of the Transsiba is called: the station is half. From it the same distance to Moscow and Vladivostok.

The coldest section of the Transsib is located between the mods of Mogocha and Skovorodino. Temperature here reaches -62 degrees. Although geographically, this is not the northernmost point of the highway.

And the highest point where the rails of the Transsib are laid, lies at an altitude of 1040 m, between the stations of Turgutus and the applean. This is 6110 km, applean pass.

The longest cargo train was 6.5 km long, consisted of 440 wagons and regularly transported 42,000 tons of coal from Ekibastuz to the Urals at the time of the USSR. On another edge of the world, in South Africa, in 1989, another record was recorded: a train of 7.3 km long, consisting of 660 wagons. True, more experiment did not repeat. Kalute could not stand it.

The first railway in Russia was cargo, 2 km long. They built it in the Urals, on the Kolyvanovsky plant and she worked on horse racing. The first passenger road was known to all Tsarskoselskaya.

The speed of the first passenger trains in the XIX century was 33 km / h. And the railway workers at the time were a kind of elite: they were treated, as, for example, at the beginning of the 20th century to aviators, or in the 60s - to astronauts. Modern trains can develop up to 580 km / h.

Requirements when admission to work pathways did not change during this time: they must have a good musical hearing, because they determine the wheel malfunction to change the tone when it is closed.

According to statistics, the railway is 45 times safer than the car. Those who are still worried, specialists advise to choose cars in the middle of the composition, and in sedentary cars - buy a train ticket to places against movement.

Lovers of acute sensations are invited to Argentina. There runs a legendary train "Patagonia Express" specially restored for tourists. In addition to vivid impressions from local landscapes, it is unexpected to be a member of the action called "Train Robbery" :)

There are many surprises in South America. For example, German engineers who examined Panaman's experiencing for the construction of a trans-American railway line, said that the rails from local iron are unprofitable. Gold here more affordable metal ...

Railways and aviation have long compete with each other by attracting passengers inexpensive, fast and convenient transportation. Average statistical man uses rail transport services for more than 9 times a year.

We present interesting facts about railways.

The longest highway in the world - 9300 km, is the Trans-Siberian railway.

After the first railway station in Russia, the passage was free for some time. Most likely, it was done so that the residents could get used to this type of transport. The phrases "This is such a terrible thing" was everywhere.

A hundred years ago, a law appeared in France, which forbade kissing at the station. And all because because of this "criminal action" traded with a strong time delay. The law is still "in width."

People who inspect the "Iron Horses" must have a musical hearing in order to take action on time if there is a breakdown. They determine it for rumors - how the wheel is knocking, there must be a certain frequency. Foreign plants drop off from representatives of other professions a special form, each seen these people at the railway stations. Today you can freely buy a similar uniform for everyone, as in other matters and to any other specialty https://specovka.by/obuv-rabochaya-specialnaya

In the city of Love, in Paris, there is and under to be the same "love train". The route is not so big, Paris - Venice and back. But, suddenly, at such a distance, people in the coupe will want to indulge in love jits, they will have all the conditions: a double shelf, shower and "room service".

There is a train that moves not by rails, but by magnetic cushion. Created by this Japanese, and the speed he can develop, reaches 517 km / h.

The first trains in Russia of the third grade were equipped with ordinary wooden shops. But, it is still half. Here is the fact that there were no roof in these cars - this is a real trouble.

Therefore, people who solved the "ride with the breeze" hid under these lava from the rain and snow.

Railways also visited the Guinness Book of Records. Australian w / d broke all records, having no turn for 500 km.

Today, the "Iron World" does not stand still. Technologies go ahead, new, "quickly wearing" trains - electric trains, ready to deliver us as soon as possible to the place you need. The only minus is the price that we will have to pay for it.

By the way, the speed that modern high-speed trains may have already exceeded 580 km / h.