Volcano Krakatau eruption 1883 consequences. Scary Word in Human History: Krakataau (7 photos)

On August 27, 1883, one of the largest natural disasters in the history of mankind occurred in Indonesia. Krakatau - the uninhabited island of volcanic origin - produced a powerful explosion, which threw huge amounts of gas and ashes into the air, caused tsunami and killed more than 36,000 people. In general, the sequence of events that happened after the explosion is known to many of us, but there are still a number of quite interesting facts that are not familiar to everyone.

1. The first signs of the future eruption appeared in May 1883.

Krakatau was in peace of rest for about 200 years, but suddenly suddenly woke up on May 20, 1883. The ashes cloud, which rose to the height of more than 9 km, was noticed by the captain of the German ship, which was at this moment near the volcano. It is noteworthy that neither the Anjer vessel, which was 32 km from Krakatau, nor from the MERAK frigate, which had a 45 km, was not seen. The only ones who still felt that the first eruption was the residents of the town of Batvia, located 100 km from the volcano. On May 20, they heard a loud noise, and then in their homes, the doors were raised and windows rangs. Was it a shock wave? The answer to this question has not yet been found.

2. The eruption began not 27, but on August 26.

In fact, the first signs of the approaching catastrophe were previously seen for a day. In the afternoon of August 26, Krakataau threw a column as a height of about 28 km into the atmosphere. After that, high waves swept over the spiring near the volcano, and at night, the inhabitants of the surrounding islands observed electrical discharges of horrific scale. But the worst part of the catastrophe still occurred on August 27.

So was Krakatau until the eruption in 1883.

3. The eruption of August 27 was heard at a distance of more than 3500 km from Krakataau.

Starting from 5:30 am on August 27, four massive explosions produced Krakatau for 4.5 hours. They were so loud that they were heard on Sri Lanka and in the Australian city of Perth, located 3900 km from the volcano. The power of the final explosion occurred at 10:02, was 10,000 times more powerful than the strength of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, and the shock waves generated by the eruption were registered worldwide.

4. Krakataau gave rise to mass tsunami.

Each explosion caused huge tsunami, which fell into the neighboring islands. When the volcano split and collapsed into the ocean, there was a biggest wave with a height of more than 36 meters. She was so powerful that she threw a coral block with a weight of 600 tons to the shore, turned the ship, killing 28 crew members, and also destroyed 165 villages on the Islands of Java and Sumatra. One field worker later recalled this tsunami:

We worked in the field when there was a loud noise. We saw a big black subject, very far away that approached us. It was something very high and very strong, and soon we saw that it was water. Trees and houses were washed away ... People began to run, saving their lives. Not far from us was a steep hill. We all ran to him and tried to rise. The wave walked too fast, so many drowned almost next to me ... We had one common impulse to rise in one particular place. It caused a large pressure ... The struggle took place for a few moments, but ... one by one, people fell and carried away by the wave. Some managed to climb and dragged others. They did not let them go, kept how much they could.

Of the 36,417 dead, about 90% killed tsunami. The remaining 10% became victims of the fall of volcanic garbage and - hot, fast moving masses of volcanic ash and gas.

5. Krakataau released more than 14 cubic kilometers of ash in the atmosphere.

The huge ash cloud covered Indonesia, the sun was not visible for three days, and the ash cloud spread to 360 km. The ash rose to such a height that a full meager reigned on Java and Sumatra. The ash was so much that in Nicaragua, on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, the sun was blue. After eruption, the thickness of the volcanic pumice floating in the ocean reached 3 meters. She drank seaports and prevented the movement of ships.

6. When the eruption is over, most of the island has disappeared.

Before eruption, Krakatau island had a height of about 800 meters and a width of 4 to 7 meters. As a result of an explosion that had about 200 megatons in T-natal equivalent, almost the whole island went under water.

7. Krakataau changed the color of the sunsets.

Volcanic debris, thrown into the atmosphere, caused fire-red sunsets around the world for three years after the eruption. Poet Gerard Mainie Hopkins, who lived in London, described them as "a large inflamed flesh, brighter than ordinary sunsets."

8. On the picture of the Mukka, the sunsets are drawn in Oslo, which became red due to Krakatau.

In 2003, the researchers reported that they found the exact place in the Norwegian Oslo, where the human figure is with the famous mug painting dated 1893. They also determined that the bloody-red sky in the picture was one because of the ashes of Krakatau.

Picture "Creek" Edward Minka

9. The eruption led to a decrease in air temperature around the world over several years.

The volumes of volcanic garbage in the atmosphere were so great that sunlight with difficulty penetrated the Earth. As a result, next year, after an eruption, the average temperature in the world decreased by 1.2 degrees Celsius. She returned to her normal indicators only in 1888.

10. Today is a new volcano at the site of Krakataau.

In December 1927, fishermen found that a new volcano rose from Calder Krakatau. He was called Anak-Krakataau (Krakatau's child). Volcano remains current to this day.

1883 - the eruption of the volcano, which began in May 1883 and the completed series of powerful explosions on 26 and 27, 1883, as a result of which most of Krakatau island was destroyed. Seismic activity in Krakatau lasted until February 1884.

This volcano eruption is considered one of the most deadly and destructive in history: at least 36,417 people died as a result of the eruption itself and the tsunami caused by it, 165 cities and settlements were completely destroyed, and 132 were serious destruction. The consequences of the eruption to one degree or another were felt in all regions of the globe.

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Description and consequences

The first information that Volcano Krakatau woke up after a long hibernation (from 1681), received on May 20, 1883, when a huge pillament of smoke rose over the stump of the volcano, and the rumble of the eruption was forced to rattle the windows within a radius of 160 km. A huge amount of pumice and dust were thrown into the atmosphere, which were covered with a thick layer of the surrounding islands. In the subsequent summer months, the eruption was slightly weakened, it was intensified. On June 24, a second crater appeared, and then the third one.

Starting from August 23, the power of the eruption increased progressively. To the hour of the day on August 26, a pole of smoke according to eyewitness testimony rose to a height of 17 miles (28 km), and strong explosions took place approximately every 10 minutes. On the night of August 27, frequent lightning discharges were well noticeable, frequent lightning discharges were well noticeable, and on the ships held along the pronomian strait and were in a few dozen kilometers from the volcano, the compasses were contacted and the intensive lights of St. Elma were sore.

The culmination of the eruption occurred in the morning watches on August 27, when at 5.30, 6.44, 9.58 and 10.52 local time was ranked grand explosions. According to eyewitnesses, the third explosion was the most powerful. All explosions were accompanied by the strongest shock waves and tsunami, which collapsed on the islands of Java and Sumatra, as well as small islets near Krakatau. In the atmosphere, huge amounts of dust and volcanic ash were thrown into the atmosphere, which the thick cloud rose to a height of 80 km and turned the day on the night at the territory adjacent to the volcano until the city of Bandung, which is 250 km from the volcano. The sounds of explosions were heard on Rodriguez Island in the south-east coast of Africa at a distance of 4800 km from the volcano. Later, according to the testimony of barometers in different places in the world, it was found that infrasound waves caused by explosions several times have rejected the globe.

After 11 hours on August 27, the volcanic activity has significantly weakened, the latter relatively weak explosions were heard at 2.30 August 28.

A significant part of the volcanic buildings scattered within a radius of up to 500 km. Such a distance range was provided with a rise in magma and rocks to the rarely rescued atmosphere, as high up to 55 km. Gas-ash column rose to the mesosphere, to a height of over 70 km. The ashes loss took place in the eastern part of the Indian Ocean on the square over 4 million km². The volume of the material thrown by the explosion was about 18 km³. The power of the explosion (6 points on the scale of eruptions) according to the estimates of the geologists at least 10 thousand times higher than the explosion strength destroying Hiroshima, that is, it was equivalent to the explosion of 200 Megaton Trotil.

As a result of the explosions, the entire northern part of the island completely disappeared, and three small parts remained from the former island - the islands of Rakata, Sergun, Rakata-Kechkil. The surface of the seabed slightly raised, several small islets appeared in the probe. According to the results of sensing to the east of Krakatau, a crack was discovered about 12 km long.

A significant amount of volcanic ash remained in an atmosphere at altitudes up to 80 km for several years and caused intensive color of the dawn.

The tsunami-raised tsunami up to 30 m led to the death in the neighboring islands about 36 thousand people, 295 cities and villages were washed into the sea. Many of them were probably destroyed by the tsunami, which pushed the equatorial forests on the coast of the Stern Strait and broke the roof from houses and doors with loops in Jakarta at a distance of 150 km from the disaster. The atmosphere of the whole land was outraged by an explosion within a few days.

The guys and I drank well that evening, on August 28, 1883. Not far from the editorial was located a great bar, where they poured a real Amsterdam Gin. Damn knows where they are taken from ... Corrector about "Liri from the international department all poured and poured Yeneverber, very much knowing how my spouse will react to this.
I decided to tumble in the editorial office on Washington Street, as we often practiced in the days of Abrals. To do this, in the room of artists specifically set a leather sofa, and I must say, by that time it was already prettyly sold. I do not remember how much I have fallen on it - six, maybe seven hours. These were the clock of continuous nightmares, terrible dreams that appeared so bright and in detail, as if everything was really happening. I soared over the ocean, as if forward at the highest mast of the ship, and in front of me trembled and monsigned ash clouds three giant crater Volcano Ploma in the probe. To tell the truth, I did not hear before this damn strait, nor about volcanoes, and about the neighboring Islands of Java and Sumatra had an idea of \u200b\u200bmore than vague. We, newsletters, we know about everything gradually, never delight into the details. Believe it or not - I will not even say what exactly happened during the famous Boston tea drinking, which every schoolboy of our city will tell you about. But this night as if the Providence itself gave me the ability to see and know. What I saw and found out was an incredible nightmare pursuing me the rest of my life.
I watched how the lava flimsy streams sweeps and burns trees, at home, and those unfortunate, who did not have time to escape. The fate of the rest is no less sad - they simply have nowhere to hide from the rain-sung with the sky and hot pembol. The sea almost boiled off the high temperature and fought the legs of the people distraught from fear of people. Lava flowed into the water, and the split steam broke into mad jets, turning human skin into rags. You ask - how many were there? Hundreds, hundreds, maybe thousands. Vision often led me, and today I am almost blind, but that night as if someone put a giant magnifier before my face and showed, showed everything so in detail and convex, as if he enjoyed the scenes of the terrible death and unbearable human torch. It seemed that the Earth herself was pushing in agony and angry the terrible waves that ships were spread to dozens of miles around. The decks of those who survived were littered with ashes so that it was impossible for them to move. The sky closed the Black Wellery, from the edge to the edge, so it seemed - the night came. The sea was also painted black, as if prepared to bother with heaven. People prayed to their native gods about forgiveness.
A terrible explosion put an end to all suffering. The volcano took off to the air, and the island was immersed forever into the ocean puchin, leaving only the debris on the surface. All living around instantly died. I woke up...

Yes, I woke up. Waves, salty wind, dirty mats on the cafe floor, and waves, waves again. The same sleep is again sailing to Krakatau.
Two months ago, day a day, the duck fishing boat draws zigzags in the probe strait, breaking through the waves to the cherished point. Six pairs of the eyes were kept unreight in the other side, from where the sullen volcanic grudge came to us.

The wet Asian nights replaced during this time no less wet and stalking south-American, and the new continent paints the orange-green walls of their colonial cities, but I still remain dreams there, on the southern tip Sumatra, the wooden pier, Canti, where Everything started.

"" Drang Nah Krakataau! ""
This call, abandoned in the traveler runet, gathered a six-meter of adventurers. Yes, let the unresolon, let the fishermen swing their heads and frighten with strong waves, let the Bourgeoisky Lonley Pretnet shyly silent about the possibility of self-visiting the volcano and calls to buy a tour from the owner of the local hotel "Beringin". We have already advised and decided to go most interesting and anywhere not described by, relying on public transport and the opportunity to hire a boat on their own on the last segment of the path. We are Arthur "Popados", Natasha "Fluffy", Sasha "KVA", Sasha "Alex13", Irina "Freewind" and Dima "Lance". The Indonesian rainy season in winter in full swing and the sea is anxiously not a joke, and this means the impossibility of traveling to small trimaran boat, which is usually used tourists for their summer shades to the island. At least, with Alex13, we first traveled the nearest fishing villages and everywhere met a solid refusal. But one, most importantly, it was still possible to find out: There is a daily ferry flight to the island island, from where it is up to the cherished Krakatau hand - just 12 kilometers.
On the morning of January 15, 2010, the whole company gathered on the pier in Canti.

Completely different people traveled to this corner of the planet from different places and in different ways to all the earthly gods. One thing was one thing: a huge desire to see the place of the most grand catastrophe in the foreseeable history of mankind and the acting volcano Anac Krakataau - the current Eater of Asian lives. Ten thousand kilometers from the freezing Russia before the junction of Java islands and Sumatra we have already overcome. It remains all the 30 ...
Before you go through this last segment, ask yourself: in the name of what?
See unearthly beauty? - Welcome to the volcanoes Bromo, Incen, Rindjani, Papandayan. They are quite near, and they will give the wreckage of old Krakatau a hundred points of the fory in terms of winning panoramas.
Make a heroic photo "I am fearlessly posing against the background of the current volcano", causing the admiring views of the inaders and the thrill of the maiden hearts? Alas, the girls' hearts have long been engaged in foreign cars of middle and senior managers, and the ordinary people are more interested in a fateful question: why were you in the south so long, but so little tanned?
History and involvement in its grand pages, whether it is a catastrophic eruption or construction of the most great temple. That's what makes me break away from a warm space and swapped home comfort on an endless train of buses, smoked train stations, close airplanes and leaky hotel sheets. Quite a bit, all some 30 kilometers - and another page with creak will turn over, the dust of the past decades will hit the nose, and the imagination of the appelipcisis of the coming apocalypse. The fact that once watched the simple Boston newspaper ED Sampon.

Apocalypse. It was undoubtedly he. I rose from the sofa, the whole squealing from the horrors seen. Open sewing window, rinse your face from a washbasin and smoke. Strange feeling. It seems, you need to do something: somewhere to run, someone called for help, but where and why? This is just a dream, albeit a nightmare in your reality, but who of us did not torment the nightmares? I smoked one cigarette after another, nonstop, trying to figure out how to be further. Fortunately, a professional habit of recording everything important, won. I will tell you, the position of the editor was paid for extremely poorly. The newspaper was fulfilled only 10 years, and its owner Eben Jordan saved more at the staff, putting a bunch of money into a seven-story editorial mansion. I had to work as a reporter, and how to file the material in a profitable sensational light, I knew not at the break. After describing everything that I saw in a dream, on paper, before leaving, I marked in the fields a large font "IMPORTANT", without knowing it, why. For sure, not in order to show her Charles Taylor, our chef editor. But, apparently, the fate itself wanted to play with me. In the morning, the head of the department saw a note and decided that at night an important informational message came. The material was filed on the first strip, with a headline on the full-shot.
Sensation! The largest catastrophe in the history of mankind! Monstrous eruption on Ploma Island!
The entire afternoon circulation was excavated in a matter of minutes. The editorial office was transferred by telegraph to New York, from where the news picked up the largest newspapers: "New York Courier", "Examiner", "San", "Gerald". It was my star hour, my 15 minutes of glory, which I missed well. What to say? "I just didn't have enough spirit to explain to people that it was just a nightmare." In the meantime, the Associated Press Agency did not confirm the information and requested details, since the Congress library could not find references to Ploma Island. The next day, Mr. Jordan himself called me for explanation.
Probably it was the worst moment in life. Volcanoes can explode, whole cities fall into Tartarara, but what does all this mean for a simple person in comparison with the righteous anger boss? The greatest eruption turned into the greatest confusion for the entire American press, and the "Boston Glove" is about to make a quiet for all states, and I will be the main guilt. My bastard about unintentionalness and the fatal chance plunged Jordan in such a rabies that his face began to resemble a loose tomato from California in the days of a seasonal fair. My, on the contrary, it looked like a boiled bow. Your submissive servant was fired - no, put out - with such a crackle that I would have envied this ill-fated volcano, whether he was Naladen. The public has already demanded a continuation, and the main editors from New York, Cleveland, Chicago and Los Angeles stuck with heart drops and prepared to give a refutation.

No, I'm still happy sukin son. With such a wolf ticket, I was contraindicated not what to get in the specialty, but to approach the newspapers fell into the garbage tanks, at the distance of the quarter. However, the next day, the Western coast of states and Mexico met unusually large tidal waves, up to two meters high. From Australia by Telegraph (oh, God, bless it is a miracle of progress!) Give a message about the roar from the Dutch India. Similar information came from Singapore, Ceylon and even Zaportiy Japan. It became clear that something unusual happened. Our chief prudently hid the refutation on the table. Meanwhile, the Asian ports began to come half-dust ships, smeared ashes, and report the incredible force of the eruption of Krakataau volcanic in the probe. Their captains told about the end of the world and painted terrible paintings of the death of the native population, exactly repeating the phrases from my editorial. Charles Taylor immediately aroused me to the editor, and, scattered in the compliments, offered to return to the staff, leave the editor for the time and fully focus on the main sensation of this year. The poor fellow, he was trying to disappear, from where the details of the eruption became known to me. Well, they could not just dream! I just shoved my head unnecessaryly. Soon my sorry somehow doubled.
And it was from what! For a week, the week has brought such sensational details that the gauge with difficulty found a place for text under the caps of screaming headlines. Judge for yourself.
On August 26, Krakataau threw as a height of up to 70 kilometers, his crater collapsed and caused the most powerful tsunami, flushed the coastal cities of Merac, Annien and Kaliananda. The surviving eyewitnesses were told about cargo ships taken by 3 kilometers deep into the sushi, and the multi-meter layer of pembassal, which closed the prine shed. In Batavia, the capital of Dutch India (now Jakarta-approx.), A midday night came, and the mosques were overwhelmed by people who migrating Allah about forgiveness. The next morning there was a monstrous explosion, instantly destroyed everything alive within a radius of several dozen miles. Fire cloud broke out from the crater, 35km flew and sank to the ground, burning forests and villages. In Batavia, 150km from the epicenter, the shock wave broke the doors from the loops, beat the windows and jammed people, and the subsequent tsunami flooded whole areas in Malay and India. The shock wave triggered the globe three times by changing the pressure on all barometers of meteorological stations.
The roar of the explosion was heard in the Australian Perth, for 3500km from the explosion, as well as in Japanese Tokyo. On the coast of Ceylon, in 5000km, the risks took the enemy squadron for the canonade, and opened with a retaliatory pallet.
On August 28th, the remains of the island of Krakatau almost completely plunged into the ocean. It was on this day that I saw my scary sleep ...
Around the world, the sunsets acquired where the green, and where the bloody-red shade. According to official calculations, about 40,000 natives died, and in total, there was no less than one hundred and twenty thousand from the consequences around the world. For many months later, to the eastern shore of Africa at the other end of the Indian Ocean, the islands from Pumise with imagined human bodies. Say, I condense paints, trying to impress the horrors? Imagine, Krakatau's explosion was only an innocent fireworks of Christmas clap compared to a much more powerful eruption of an ancient volcano on the North Sumatra million years ago. This was told about our scientific advisor from the University of Boston. Yes, and Krakatau himself, one and a half thousand years ago banked so that he separated Sumatra from Java and formed a probe strait. So, if one day the day will still come, you will know where to kick ...

Strike, even kick - as if dozens of the guards of the underwater kingdom shake out of all the strength of a cloud of barkas, trying to squeeze the contents of the stomachs from the passengers. Sometimes they succeed, and the beautiful nuddle is already breathing overboard for the third time, scaring the inhabitants of the sea. Our neighbors, familiar to sea walk, are also sitting white chalk. We are completely absorbed by the pills from the tech.
The wave goes on board the shallow but evil. Finally, after two hours of torment, the boat is hidden from her behind the coastline and unloads a part of passengers with a diverse scarler.
This part of the island of Sebashives is fully consistent with the definition of tropical paradise: transparent turquoise water, white silky sand and thrown into the coconuts in a tamarind-palm shade. Another jerk - and we approach the main pier, if you can name the wooden flooring, surrounded by skeletons of half-filled boats. Welcome to the land of Krakataau National Park!

They need to say, I must say, meet not so that both good: Bidding are hard, despite the fact that there is a person who speaks perfectly speaking in Indonesian Bahas - this is Irina, who has been living on Bali for the second year. The captain of the boat constantly increases the price, fearing to guess and perfectly understanding that we no longer have the way back. Moreover, he behaves extremely disrespectful, literally reaping the misfortune from where the fallen power. I'm going to the village and negotiate with the owner of another boat, Hassan, but that exactly also begins to "change the testimony", looking at his colleagues and numerous spectators who gathered for a free presentation. The auction is accompanied by energetic gestures, melting on the beggar of hungry children, and on both sides. The price will eventually crawl up as at Sotheby's bidding. The situation is awesome - the case is no longer in the money, but in principle.
Our company was good because in every difficulty situation was the one who took the initiative on himself. Irina sits on the motorbike and disappears in the village. After half an hour she came with a victory: the captain of the third boat was found, agreed to carry us tomorrow with a night near Krakataau for 1200,000 rupees (130 dollars). Another 200,000 must be given to local rulers, more like Bosia, for permission to enter the National Park. This is a standard dachshund for one plaster, regardless of the number of people on board. The office of the office is located near the berth and is a veranda with five poor rooms for the night of the visits. Cost, however, according to the Sumatran standards of the tsarist - $ 25 per night. Today they will again remain empty.
"The Magnificent Sixer" in the meantime, he was eaten than Allah sent, in a modest eatery on the edge of the village. Allah day after the day sends his curse in the form of "Nasi Gorenga", that is, fried rice. Other dishes are not in the menu.
The hospitable owner relieves for suddenly walked from the sky of the Orava of visitors to the room and the pre-banner, inviting the post. He initially refuses the money, obviously confused, then he thanks it hotly. They live obviously stubborn, and the house for Russian standards is more reminiscent of the barn, from which the goats manage to pull themselves with a straw to feed. One way or another, the road itself decided all the problems that seemed a couple of hours ago unresolved. We thank her for this wonderful property and are preparing for tomorrow's meeting with the owner of the Zonda Strait.

Until 1883 The largest of the islands of the Zonda archipelago was Krakatau Island. Its size reached 9km in length, and 5km in width. August 27, 1883 He ceased to exist. He destroyed an incredible force an explosion that occurred during the eruption of Krakatau volcano ....

August 28, the sky began to brighten. The islands of Sumatra and Java changed beyond recognition. Rich vegetation and fertile soil were washed away, right up to rock education. Everything was covered with a sticky gray mud and eruption products. In this mud, fragments of destroyed buildings, broken trees, numerous corpses of people and animals were broken.

An eventless event occurred during Krakatau eruption in Boston.

Over the next day, the sensation was reprinted by almost all America newspapers. Everyone was waiting for confirmation written, but it was not. The publisher "Glob" demanded explanations from Samson and he told him about his dream. He was immediately fired from work. And here, information about the tragedy in the Indian Ocean began to come from foreign cams. Later, ships came to the ports, whose crews reported on the terrible eruption of Krakataau volcano. Before Sixon apologized and restored him at work.

The Stern Bay, located at the junction of Eurasian and Indo-Australian tectonic plates, is one of the few places on the planet, where the cycle of destruction and revival is periodically resumed. During the next volcanic eruption that happened here about a million years ago, a cone-shaped mountain was formed. The height of the new geological formation was 2100 meters, 300 of which were hidden by water. Local residents called the newborn volcano "Krakatau". Presumably, this word resembled them cries of parrots who lived on it.

Activity Krakataau

Volcano Krakatau has always been very non-safe. The preserved written sources indicate frequent strong eruptions who scared the local population. In 416, the top of the mountain collapsed, and the crater appeared in her place, parts of which became separate islands. And in 535, Krakatau caused another natural disaster that contributed to the formation of the prine string, which from that time shares Sumatra and Java.

Volcanologists believe that Krakatau was the culprit of five strong eruptions. But at the end of the XIX century, the volcano, which retained calm the previous 200 years and those who were considered extinct, suddenly came to life. At the end of May 1883, ashes fell out of his crater, and mushroom-shaped clouds appeared above the top of the volcano - these were the first signs of the eruption of the eruption, which lasted three months with all the treasured force. Throughout the summer, Krakatau threw out the breed from the earthly subsoil, and on August 27 an eruption climax has occurred. At 10 in the morning, the volcano was broken by a monstrous explosion, shot by ashes, pums and stones at an altitude of up to 80 kilometers, and then splashing them around 1 million square kilometers around the territory.

The power of the eruption of more than 10,000 times exceeded the power of the bomb of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. A rumble, accompanying the cataclysm, became the loudest sound that people ever heard, and was clearly distinguished within a radius of 4,000 kilometers. On the islands of Sumatra and Java, the power of the sound exceeded 180 decibels, and this is much superior to the painful threshold of a person. The power of the explosion was as follows that even at a distance of 150 kilometers from his epicenter of the shock wave were knocked out, the roofs of the houses were demolished, trees were shed. On the island of Sesebey, located from Volcano Krakatau at a distance of 20 kilometers, in one moment the entire population was killed, laid out a hot gas cloud. The clouds of the ash closed the sun, and in a radius of more than 100 kilometers there was almost a complete darkness. Four hours after the beginning of the elements, the solar eclipse was covered with Japan.

But the most terrible thing was still ahead - the eruption provoked a huge 30-meter tsunami, flushed into the ocean more than 300 settlements. The catastrophe claimed the lives of more than 36,000 people, and in some estimates this number comes to 80,000.

54 minutes after the first explosion followed the second, the same powerful, but without the tsunami accompanying it. After a few hours there was a third fiery flash. All night volcano shake the explosions, the ash rain was rained from the sky, the sea was dying with huge waves. Powerful flows were fascinated by numerous fishing boats in the ocean puchin.

Just 10 hours after the start of the eruption of the air wave, provoked by a volcanic explosion, with a speed of 1000 kilometers per hour reached Berlin. And within a few days, meteorological stations in Germany recorded the passage of air flows, the abrupt explosive wave.

In the following days, the eruption began to gradually weaken, but Krakatau had half a year to fully sink. Until February 1884, the exhausted island shuddered from explosions. But the consequences of the elements have been given for themselves for themselves for themselves to felt - ash was in the earthly atmosphere for several years, which caused the cooling climate of the planet.

The presence in the air of microparticles, spent the volcano, led to an unusual color of solar sunrises and sunsets. After the natural disaster, the luminaire was colored greenish tones, and in the fall in Europe, the sun's rays at sunset were cast in purple color.

The volcano and himself was destroyed by a natural disaster - only three small islands remained from him. The other and terrain around Krakataau - the relief of the seabed has changed, some of the straits became uncomfortable, new islands were formed, and the former became larger. The islands of Sumatra and Java are empty. Lush tropical vegetation died, the earth was shattered and squeezed, the whole soil was littered with stones, pieces of frozen lava, disgraced trees, people and animal corpses. In the sea around the volcano, such a thick layer of Pumise was formed, which ships could not break through it.

Strong excitement on the water was observed along the entire coast of the Indian Ocean. There was a Pacific Ocean, the storm was raged from the western banks of the American continents. Tsunami came even to the coast of France and Panama is the coastal.

For many days, the atmosphere of the Earth was indignant - in close to Krakatau, hurricanes were raging, strong oscillations were noted on the barometers of the entire planet.

At the end of November, in many places of the European continent, precipitation fell out with a large admixture of volcanic ashes and the smallest particles of Pumise.

Volcano Krakatau after cataclysm

Several tens of years after the eruption of the fire-haired mountain began to revive. In the winter of 1927, an underwater eruption occurred on the site of krakataau. A few days after this event over the water, a small 9-meter volcano appeared above the water, named after the people of Anuk Krakataau, which means "Krakataau". The formidable crumb, consisting of Pumise and ashes, collapsed several times, but after three years intensive streams of lava formed a new volcano. By 1933, the kids cone had grown to 67 meters.

Since 1950, Anuk Krakatau actively adds growth due to small, but frequent eruptions - its height is increased by 13 centimeters every week, i.e. almost 7 meters per year. Currently, the young volcano Doros is up to 813 meters, its area is 10.5 sq. Cm, and the diameter is 4 kilometers. The last activity was recorded at Anuk Krakataau in mid-February 2014, when more than 200 volcanic earthquakes occurred. But as long as the risk of the younger kid is estimated at 2 points on the 4th ball system.

Indonesian authorities do not allow local residents to settle around the island in the three-kilometer zone. Economic activity is prohibited within a radius of 1.5 km from Anuk Krakataau, at the same distance you can not approach the island to tourists and fishermen.

Some volcanologists believe that over time, the activity of the younger volcano will increase. More optimistic scientists believe that the small sizes of young Krakatau will not allow him to arrange a non-plane catastrophe again.

Using the example of the cataclysm that occurred on the volcano, nature demonstrated its extraordinary ability to restore - after three years, ferns began to appear on lifeless rocks of nearby islands, then flowering plants and insects. By the end of the XIX century, life was returned to the islands - life was returned - mangrove forests and jungle were revived here, animals and people settled.

In the Yavansky Peninsula, the Dwong pendant, which is only 133 kilometers from Volcano Krakatau, founded the national natural park, where wild forest bull, red wolf, gibbon, smoky leopard dwell. In the reserve they found the references of the last Yavanne rhinos remaining on Earth, which there are no more than 50 individuals. In 1992, the park, where the volcano includes, was taken under the protection of UNESCO to preserve the largest small rain forest growing here.

At the Anuk Krakatau, the terrain is quite deserted, only on one side of the island grows a small forest in which you can see the remnants of meteorological stations destroyed by frequent eruptions. The consequences of the explosion are noticeable and now - where there used to be a mountain, clearly visible inwardly visible. The coastline of the island is constantly changing due to eruptions. Smoke comes not only from the crater of the volcano, but it festers from all the cracks of the mountain, creating the impression that the earth is constantly burning. At the foot of Krakatau, the hills of black volcanic sand alternate with lava and ashes.

Krakatau fascinates the exciting sense of danger, and there is a lot of brave men who dream of to see and capture the majestic sight - the acting volcano, surrounded by the columns of the ashes and the spelling millions of fiery splashes!

Information for tourists

If you want to first see Krakatau, then you need to fly to Jakarta, from where the bus should be reached by the port of Mark. From the sea harbor on the ferry, you need to arrive at the Bakuchi port on Sumatra, then get bus to Kalianand. Here you can rent a boat and get to Krakatau yourself, but it will be wiser to purchase a tour that is offered in every hotel. A guide and lunch will be riveted at $ 60-70. Serve excursion tours Comfortable passenger ships.

You can rent a boat in the ports of the island of Java, the most convenient to do this in the Bay of Carita, which is from Krakatau just 50 kilometers.

Although now access to the volcano is closed, during his relative rest, it is possible to land on the coast and even make climbing the slopes of Annuk to a height of 500 meters. For a lifting on Krakatau, it is necessary to pick up comfortable shoes with a corrugated sole, capable of protecting your feet from hot sand. Above the half-kilometer, it is impossible to rise - the closer to the crater, the greater the possibility of the formation of voids in which you can fail, and also become a victim of stones, from time to time of the volcano.

A one-day excursion to Krakatau with overnight at his foot.