Geography of Germany: natural features, flora and fauna. The flora of Germany

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Nature. Berlin is located in eastern Germany, halfway between the Elbe and Oder rivers, about 177 km from the Baltic Sea coast. The city is located on a plain, mainly composed of sandy material of glacial origin, surrounding the valley of the Spree River. Both the Spree, on the eastern outskirts of the city near Köpenick, and the Havel, which flows into the Spree near Spandau in the west, flow through chains of lakes surrounded by forests. Berlin has a continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Average temperatures in summer are 18 ° C and –1 ° C in winter. The average annual rainfall is 580 mm.

Population. The estimated population of Berlin on December 31, 1997 was 3,425,759. In the early 1980s, both parts of Berlin had a higher proportion of older people in the population than either East or West Germany as a whole. In East and West Berlin, the death rate exceeded the birth rate, and the latter gradually declined. Thus, the population of both parts of Berlin should have been declining if there was no constant influx of immigrants. East Berlin attracted people from other parts of East Germany. Immigrants in West Berlin were predominantly foreigners, mainly from the Mediterranean countries, especially from Turkey; in 1985 more than 512 thousand foreign immigrants lived in West Berlin.

Berlin is the center of art, culture and science in Germany. Berlin is at the forefront of the arts, culture and science in Germany. Berlin is home to the Free University (die freie universitaet since 1948), the Technical University (die technische universitaet since 1879), higher schools of art and music, the Federal Administrative Court (bundesverwaltungsgericht), many government agencies, research institutes, state libraries , theaters (schiller- theater, schlossparktheater), galleries. After the unification, Berlin is on its way to Europe's largest museum metropolis, with 170 museums in the city of more than three million. Their collections may well compete with the collections of London, Paris, New York and St. Petersburg. This is the Museum Island (museeninsel) with the museums of Pergamon (pergamonmuseum), Stiftung-Preussischer Kulturbesitz (der schtiftung preussischer kulturbesitz). Even those who know Berlin only by hearsay will probably know the name Charlottenburg. This is one of the central districts of the city with a luxurious palace and park ensemble. Berlin is home to botanical and zoological gardens, many television and radio stations, cabarets, concert halls, among them the famous Berlin Green Stage (die berliner waldbuhne) and much more. The large exhibition area at the broadcasting tower has made Berlin one of the leading German exhibition cities.

Berlin's cultural landscape is surprisingly diverse. The city has 32 drama theaters, 134 cinemas, an ever-growing number of galleries, and 167 museums. In July, about one million people took part in the annual Love Parade. Berlin is literally buried in greenery: 40 percent of its territory is occupied by water bodies, forests and parks. The length of the intracity waterways is 197 kilometers.

Berlin has three opera houses (German Opera and Ballet Theater. German State Opera House on Unter den Linden, Komische opera theater), several large orchestras, and dozens of other theaters. Located in the eastern part of Berlin, the university bears the name of the scientist and politician Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) and the name of his brother, the great traveler and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859). In the western part there are the Free University and the Technical University, founded in 1948. Science and research are represented in Berlin and numerous other institutes, such as the Institute. Hahn and Meitner, who, in particular, conducts research in the field of nuclear and reactor physics; Heinrich Hertz and the Cultural Heritage of Prussia Foundation.

This interesting world:

Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources
The relief of the territory of the region is represented by a hilly-ridged plain with pronounced glacial forms, the territory is dissected by numerous rivers in the Trans-Volga part, and in the south by gullies and ravines. Difficult relief complicates the development of agriculture and construction. The climate of the region is a continent ...

Argentina
Area - 2,800,000 sq. km Population 31 million people In the 16th century. Spanish conquerors, exterminating the indigenous Indian population, seized many lands in South America. One of the colonies was founded in the south of the mainland. It was named Argentina ("silver"). But the Spaniards did not find any gold there, nor ...

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Bolivia's waters are divided into 3 parts - the Amazon basin in the northeast, the Rio da la Plateau basin in the extreme southeast, and the Lake Titicaca basin in the Altiplano. The vast swampy plains along the Beni and Mamore rivers, which belong to the Amazon basin, include lakes and lagoons, some of them up to ...

For quite a long time Berlin was divided in half. The latter was the capital of the GDR, while West Berlin had a special status. In all countries that signed the Warsaw Pact, this part was considered occupied, while NATO members said that this was the unofficial land of the FRG.

This section greatly influenced the development of the city, because because of it, Berlin for more than forty years did not have the opportunity to develop as a single whole city. When the wall was torn down and Germany was reunited, the city immediately became the capital of the country, but the main government institutions were transferred here only closer to the beginning of the twenty-first century. It is worth going to this city to touch the history, an important part of which is Berlin. 3 star hotels will gladly welcome tourists who want to save money.

Local nature

The capital is located in the east of the state, between two rivers called the Oder and the Elbe. Berlin is located on a plain that surrounds a river called the Spree. It is known that it flows through the entire city. Closer to the western part, near Spandau, it is replenished by a river called the Havel. The outskirts of the capital are full of various lakes through which the aforementioned rivers flow. These bodies of water are surrounded by many groves that were once forests.

Berlin is located in central Europe, so the local climate is continental. It is hot here in summer, while winter is snowy and quite cold. About six hundred millimeters of precipitation can fall per year. It is known that the average temperature in summer hovers around twenty degrees above zero, and in winter it is two degrees below zero.

Language, people and their faith

The main feature of the city is the prevalence of pensioners among the townspeople. The last few decades have been characterized by the fact that the death rate significantly exceeded the birth rate. More than three and a half million people live here, but the total number of inhabitants throughout the entire existence of the city did not decrease, because they constantly immigrate here from other cities. Like the best hotels in Amsterdam, local hotels are welcoming all visitors.

Mostly German is spoken here, there is even a Berlin dialect. The dominant faith is Protestantism, even more Lutheran, and the number of believers is about 70 percent. Catholicism is also quite common.

Berlin is the capital of Germany, which attracts crowds of tourists from different countries every year. A rich history, rapid development of infrastructure, transport accessibility make it possible to make an exciting journey. When planning an independent voyage to this city, you should know in advance the location, history and features of the main attractions.

Berlin at a glance

In the eastern part of Germany, 70 km from the border with Poland, there is the city of Berlin. The climate here is temperate, so there is no heat in summer and severe frosts in winter. The historic city center is located between the Teltow and Barnim Hills, in the floodplain of the Spree River. The main part of the modern city is located on these hills.

In Berlin, the average air temperature in summer is +18.8 ° C, and in winter - +1.3 ° C. Moderate rainfall ensures a comfortable stay in the city.

The territory of the capital of Germany has an area of ​​891.12 km², and the population is more than 3 million people. There are many interesting historical, architectural, cultural and entertainment sites here.

Berlin has many historic and beautiful buildings that can be reached by public transport

Berlin is divided into 12 administrative districts, each of which has an executive branch. The infrastructure is well developed in all areas, and the most popular for tourism are the historical center and the modern part of the city.

How to get to the capital of Germany

From major cities in Russia, it is easy to get to Berlin by direct flight. The duration of a direct flight from Moscow is 2 hours 40 minutes, and from St. Petersburg the plane flies 2 hours 25 minutes. Flights are also carried out from Kaliningrad: the flight time is 1 hour and 20 minutes.

Flight is the fastest way to get to the capital of Germany from Russia

Traveling by train is a longer option. Trains to Berlin leave from Belorussky railway station in Moscow, and the travel time is 30 hours. Trains also run from the stations of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad.

The bus journey from Moscow to the German capital takes about 30 hours with stops. Traveling by car requires a 1,800 km route. To do this, you need to travel through the European part of Russia, Belarus and Poland.

Famous landmarks

In the capital of Germany, tourists have access to historical sights and modern entertainment:

• architectural monument Brandenburg Gate is a beautiful and majestic structure, erected in the years 1788-1791. The gate is a symbol of Berlin and Germany. The object is made in the style of Berlin classicism and is located in the very center of the city, in the Mitte district. During the Second World War, the gate was badly damaged, and in 1956 the building was restored. You can see this landmark on Paris Square in Berlin, and it is easy to get here by taxi, car, metro or tram;
  The Brandenburg Gate was badly damaged during World War II
• the Reichstag building was built in 1884-1894 in the neo-Renaissance style. Today, government meetings are held here, and during the Second World War, the Reichstag served as a meeting place for the Nazi army commanders. During the Berlin offensive, fierce battles were fought near this place, at the end of which the soldiers of the Red Army installed a scarlet banner on the roof of the Reichstag. Now the dome and the observation deck of the building can be visited by tourists, since there is free access here. The object is located in the city center at the address: Tiergarten, Platz der Republik, 1. Admission is free, but to visit you must first register on the official website of the Reichstag. You can get here by taxi, metro, tram or bus. The Friedrichstrasse train station is a 10-minute walk away;
  The Reichstag is a government building
• The Berlin Wall is a structure that divided Berlin into Western and Eastern parts according to the zones of influence of military opponents - NATO and the Internal Affairs Directorate. This object is known for its length of 155 km. The wall existed from August 13, 1961 to November 9, 1989, and then political changes took place, the object was dismantled near the Brandenburg Gate, but part of the structure is still standing. Now the remains of the wall are a symbol of freedom and unity of the townspeople, as well as a famous tourist attraction. You can see the object in the center of the western part of the city;
  The Berlin Wall is now a tourist attraction
• Berlin Cathedral is known for its impressive Baroque architecture and for being the largest Evangelical church in Germany. The building was built from 1894 to 1905, it is decorated with domes and statues. There is an observation deck under the domes, which can be visited by tourists. Berlin Cathedral is located on the Museum Island. In front of the cathedral there is the Lustgarten park with a fountain and landscaped landscape. You can get here by public transport or car. The cost of an adult ticket is 7 EUR, for students and schoolchildren - 5 EUR;
  Berlin Cathedral is the largest Evangelical church in Germany
• Charlottenburg Palace is located in the eponymous district of Berlin. It was executed in the Baroque architectural style in 1699. The building was erected by order of Queen Sophia Charlotte, wife of Frederick I. Nearby there is a park where there is a tomb of several representatives of the royal family. There are many halls in the palace, the largest of which is the reception hall, which has high vaults, decorated with bas-reliefs and niches. To get to the palace, located at Spandauer Damm 20-24, take the U7 metro line to the Richard-Wagner-Platz stop, and then walk 15 minutes, focusing on the dome of the palace. And you can also take buses # M45 from Spandau or # 109 from the Zoologischer Garten. The cost of visiting the object is 10 EUR, and if you plan to take a photo (without a flash) for personal use, you need to pay 3 EUR;
  Charlottenburg is a beautiful and majestic palace
• Spandau citadel is an old fortress, erected in 1594. Fort Haneberg was added to this complex in 1886. Throughout its history, the building has been repeatedly destroyed and restored. The citadel is known for the fact that in 1935 it became a classified object, as a laboratory was organized in it to create chemical protection equipment and various poisonous gases. In 1992, the City Historical Museum of Military Weapons was opened here. The cost of the visit and the schedule should be checked on the website. You can get here as part of a guided tour or by bus to Am Juliusturm 64;
  Spandau Citadel is an ancient fortress on the banks of the Havel River
• Bellevue Palace is located in the Mitte district, in the northern part of the Tiergarten park. It was built in 1786. The building is made in the classicism style and is the official residence of the President of Germany. The palace is surrounded by a beautiful landscaped area. You can get here by bus as part of a tourist excursion or by taxi. You can also look at the building while walking around this part of the city. Excursions around the premises of the palace are held once a week;
  Bellevue Palace is the official residence of the President of Germany
• The Red City Hall was built in 1861-1869 of red brick, which gave the name to the building. The property is known for being designed in a style that combines Renaissance and Gothic features. Here is the office of the burgomaster and other government agencies of the city. The height of the central clock tower is 74 m. The Column, Bolshoi, and Armorial halls are richly decorated and accessible to tourists. The building is located in the city center at Rathausstrasse, 15. Car, metro, taxi, bus are ideal for getting here. Visits to the town hall are limited during important public events;
  The Red City Hall is one of the most beautiful buildings in Berlin
• the memorial alley in Treptower Park leads to a pedestal on which a monument to the Liberator Soldier is erected. The construction was made according to the sketch of the sculptor E.V. Vuchetich and symbolizes the Soviet soldier who saved the German girl. The pedestal is large, and inside it there is a hall with a black cube, on which there is a book with the names of the soldiers of the Soviet Army who died during the liberation of the city from the Nazis. You can get to the park by train to the station. Treptower Park or buses No. 166, 265, 365. Treptower Park and the Memorial Hall can be entered free of charge;
  Treptower Park is a popular walking area
• Berlin TV Tower is located in the Mitte district, near Alexanderplatz. The structure was erected in 1969, has a height of 368 m and an internal area of ​​1326 m 2. The TV tower is famous for being one of the tallest: it ranks 4th in height in Europe. You can climb to the observation deck by high-speed elevator or by stairs of 968 steps. The entrance fee is 13 EUR, and for children 3-16 years old - 8.50 EUR. The object is located at: Panoramstrasse, 1. You can get here by metro to the Alexanderplatz station, as well as by car or taxi;
  Berlin TV Tower is open to the public from May to October
• The French Cathedral is a Reformed French church located in the Friedrichstadt district, on Berlin's Gendarmenmarkt, opposite the German Cathedral. Its construction was completed in 1705. The church is known for its beautiful architecture and rich history. During the Second World War, the building was badly damaged, but then rebuilt;
  The French Cathedral in Berlin features beautiful architecture
• the memorial to the victims of the Holocaust is a complex of concrete blocks of different heights, between which narrow passages are laid. This architectural object symbolizes the period of the Second World War, when the Nazis deliberately exterminated Jews. A person passing through this labyrinth ceases to navigate, he has a feeling of threat and panic. The memorial consists of 2271 elements and looks gloomy. The blocks are made of special concrete that does not hold paint and dirt, so the object looks the same in any weather. There is an information center next to the monument, where you can learn more about the events of the Holocaust and visit the museum. The memorial is located at Cora-Berliner-Strasse, 1, and you can get here by metro along the lines U2, S1-S2, S25-S26 to the Potsdamer Platz station or by buses No. 100, 200, 347, M41 to the stop. Potsdamer Platz or Brandenburger Tor;
  Memorial to the Victims of the Holocaust is located near the Brandenburg Gate
• Tegel Palace is located in the district of the same name in the Reinikkendorf district. The Renaissance building was created in 1558, and in the 19th century the palace was rebuilt in the classicism style. The estate belonged to the Humboldt family for many centuries: there is a family crypt in the park surrounding the building. Direct descendants of the Heinz family now live in the palace. A museum is open here, the expositions of which are dedicated to the ancient family of the Humboldts. Tegel Palace is located at Adelheidallee 19. The An der Mühle and Heiligenseestrasse / Ruppiner Chaussee bus stops are nearby. You can see the museum expositions for 12 EUR.
  Tegel Palace is located in a quiet and beautiful park

There are many palaces in Berlin that were built at different times. Travel companies organize exciting excursions to such attractions.

Video: Charlottenburg Palace

At the same time, there are numerous other cultural sites. For example, the Berlin Opera is one of the oldest buildings in Germany and the country's largest musical theater. This building was built in 1742. The opera house is located on the boulevard Unter den Linden. Tourists can reach this place by metro, bus or taxi. The ticket price for concerts is 30-60 EUR.

Famous artists perform at the Berlin Opera

In the capital of Germany, there are many museums that present interesting expositions to the attention of visitors. One of them is the Luftwaffe Museum, where you can see aviation equipment from different times. Dispatch equipment, military uniforms, radars, helicopters and other exhibits are displayed here. The object is located at Am Flugplatz Gatow, 33. The easiest way to get here is by car. You can also take the RE2 train from the Hauptbahnhof station towards Wittenberge to the Spandau Bhf stop, from where you can walk to the S + U Rathaus Spandau stop, where you change to bus No. 135 and get off to the Kurpromenade stop. The visit and photography in the museum is free.

The Luftwaffe Museum displays equipment, technology and other wartime items

In Berlin, there is a place where several interesting museums are located at once - Museum Island. The complex includes:

• The old national gallery
• Old and New museums,
• Pergamon Museum,
• Bode Museum.

Five museums present interesting exhibits to the attention of visitors

Each building is distinguished by its graceful architecture, and inside there are interesting and rare exhibits from different times. For example, in the Old National Gallery, sculptures and paintings of the 19th century are exhibited. In the New Museum, you can see a collection of papyri from Egypt. You can get here by trams M1, M4, or M5 - Hackescher Markt stop, by metro - Alexanderplatz station, or walk 15 minutes from the Brandenburg Gate towards the island.

Video: Museum Island

The Kulturforum in Berlin is a complex that includes:

• Berlin Picture Gallery,
• Engraving cabinet,
• State Library,
• Chamber Music Hall,
• New National Gallery and several other cultural institutions.

In the Engraving Office you can look at engravings and drawings by famous artists from Italy, Holland and Germany. In the Museum of Applied Arts, you can see clothes and jewelry from different eras, as well as visit fashion shows of famous designers and jewelers. Kulturforum is located on Matthäikirchplatz street, and you can get here by taxi or car.

More than 500,000 works of famous masters are presented in the Engraving Office

Madame Tussauds is known for its wax sculptures of famous people, politicians and scientists. All figures are made very skillfully and amaze with realism. The museum is located at Unter den Linden, 74. Easily accessible by taxi or car. Alternatively, you can take the S-Bahn train to Brandenburger Tor station, lines S1, 2 or 25. Bus lines 100, 200 or TXL run to Brandenburger Tor. A ticket to the museum costs 14 EUR for an adult and 11 EUR for a child.

All the figures in Madame Tussauds are very skillful.

There are places in Berlin where you can relax and enjoy nature. The botanical garden, founded in the 19th century, served as a place for recreation, and now it houses a research center. The greenhouses are home to exotic and rare flora from different climatic zones. Tourists can take a tour of the Botanical Garden and learn interesting facts about plants. More than 22 thousand kinds of flowers and other plants can be seen here. This facility is located at Koenigin-Luise-Str., 6-8. It is easily accessible by underground line U3 (Dahlem Dorf station), line U9 (Rathaus Steglitz station) and S1 train (Rathaus Steglitz station). The cost of an adult ticket is 6 EUR, and a ticket for children is 3 EUR.

The Botanical Garden of Berlin has a wide variety of plant species

Video: Botanical Garden

A sightseeing tour of Berlin can involve sightseeing and visiting different museums. In any case, it is important to plan the route of travel around the city in advance.

Travel according to the season

In summer, many tourists visit Berlin: the warm weather allows walking or cycling excursions around the city. A beach holiday is also optimal, for which it is worth visiting the Lipnitzsee lake, located 8 km north of the Berlin border, in the area of ​​the city of Bernau. This reservoir is famous for its clear and blue water. The lake covers an area of ​​1.17 km², and its maximum depth is 27 m. Not far from here is the Wandlitzsee beach. It is chargeable, but clean and comfortable.

You can go boating on the Lipnitzsee lake

In the city, it is worth visiting Treptower Park, where you can relax in a landscaped area. The Tiergarten park, located near the zoo, also disposes of a quiet pastime and walks.

In September and October, the weather is favorable for long excursions, so it is worth visiting the Museum Island, as well as taking a walk along Unter den Linden Street, where there are many museums, palaces and beautiful buildings. This street stretches from Palace Square to the Brandenburg Gate. Here are located: the palace of William I, the opera house, the German Historical Museum and other places that are of interest to tourists.

Unter den Linden Street stretches from Palace Square to the Brandenburg Gate

In winter, you can spend your holidays in Berlin and enjoy the festive atmosphere. The streets of the city are decorated with garlands for the New Year holidays, and seasonal dishes are offered in cafes and restaurants. On the last Monday in January, many shops and malls hold large sales, where bargain shopping is possible. The opera house is also worth visiting, where festive concerts are given. In the cultural center Kulturforum, various exhibitions are held in the winter months, which is optimal for educational tourism.

Christmas is a traditional period of sales and festivities in Berlin

Video: Christmas markets in the German capital

In spring, the weather in Berlin becomes warmer. Therefore, travelers can stroll through the Botanical Garden, Kurfürstendamm boulevard or visit the Stasi Museum located in the prison building. Here are the belongings of former prisoners, various documents and posters, criminals 'cells, investigators' offices. The entrance fee is 5 EUR, and you can visit this place from 10:00 to 16:00 on weekdays. The Stasi Museum is located at Haus 22, Ruschestrasse, 103. It is easy to get there by metro on the U5 line to Magdalenenstrasse station and by city train (line S41, S42, stop Frankfurter Allee).

The Stasi Museum displays a variety of prison exhibits

A trip to Berlin in the summer is the best option for your vacation. At this time, many travelers aspire here, since the warm weather disposes to a comfortable and exciting vacation. But the city is no less interesting in other seasons, because there is a temperate climate and there are no severe frosts in winter, and in autumn and spring the weather is quite favorable.

The capital of Germany has a well-developed infrastructure, so it will be comfortable for children of any age. During a family vacation, it is worth visiting and seeing the following places and attractions:

• Tropical Island water park. This object is not located in Berlin, but 70 km from the city, but it is from the capital that it is easiest to get there. The water park is divided into colorful themed zones, such as Flower World or Tropical Village. Pools and attractions of varying difficulty allow you to have fun. The cost of a daily adult ticket, depending on the zone, ranges from 33 to 42 EUR, and a child ticket costs 39.50 EUR and 5 EUR for access to water attractions. The park is open 24 hours a day and is located at Tropical-Islands-Allee, 1, which is easily accessible from Berlin main station or from Alexanderplatz by train RB14 or RE2 to Brand station - in 40 minutes and 8 EUR. Return electric trains to the city leave until 23:00, and on weekends - until 2:00. A trip is also possible on a free bus running between the station and the water park. Convenient free parking is provided for motorists near the water center;
  Tropical Island Waterpark is popular with tourists and locals alike
• Berlin Zoo ranks first in the world in terms of the number of animals presented. In addition to animal enclosures, there is an aquarium and a cafe. Adults can purchase a ticket for 15.50 EUR, and children from 4 to 15 years old visit the facility for 8 EUR (10.5 with aquarium). The zoo is located at Hardenbergplatz, 8. Getting to Berlin Zoo is easy by underground station Zoologischer Garden (lines U2 + U12 + U9), as well as by tourist bus number 100;
  Berlin Zoo covers a vast area
• German Technical Museum. This object allows you to get acquainted with vehicles from different eras, for example, steamboats or steam locomotives. The museum is located in the Kreuzber area, Trebbiner Strasse, 9. You can get here by metro (U1, U2) to the Gleisdreieck station or the Mockernbrucke stop. The ticket price is 8 EUR, but profitable discounts are possible upon presentation of the Berlin Museum Pass;
  A variety of vehicles are on display at the Deutsches Museum of Technology
• Tirpark, or Friedrichsfelde Zoo. This is the second zoo in Berlin. It covers an area of ​​160 hectares. Various species of animals and birds are represented on this territory, as well as the Friedrichsfelde Palace, founded in the 18th century. The zoo is located at Am Tierpark, 125. It is easy to get here by metro to the station. Tierpark (U5) or by trams # M17, 27, 37, buses # 296, 396.
  Tirpark is a popular holiday destination for children and adults.

Features of a short rest

If you come to the capital of Germany for 1 day, then you should not check into a hotel. It is important to set your departure time in order to safely explore the sights of the city center. A walk along the Unter den Linden street will be the best solution. It is worth visiting museums and palaces here, and then having lunch in a restaurant.

Video: one day in Berlin

For a longer stay in the city, you should choose a hotel or apartment. After settling in, you can start exploring the culture of Berlin. For this purpose, it is best to plan a route and mark the attractions you want to see.

What is important to know during your stay

Upon arrival in the city, you need to cash out, preferably at geldautomat ATMs: they have a small commission. To save money, you should purchase the Berlin Welcome Card. With it, you can use discounted travel on public transport not only within the city, but also in the immediate vicinity. The card will also help you get a discount at some theaters and museums.

Berlin Welcome Card gives discounts on travel and admission to selected museums

Throughout Germany, a ban on smoking in public places has been introduced, and the police are monitoring its implementation. Therefore, it is better not to smoke in places where there are a lot of people: at bus stops, near attractions, in parks.

The laws in Berlin must be respected, as there are heavy fines for breaking them. In the city, you can pay for rubbish thrown by the trash can, violation of traffic rules or travel without a ticket. To avoid problems with the police, when going outside, take an identity document with you - a copy of your passport or a hotel card.

Travelers should not walk at night even in the tourist districts. Many of them can be wielded by pickpockets or swindlers, so you need to keep an eye on things and not agree to dubious offers.

If in Germany a tourist is going to a meeting with a local resident, then you cannot be late. The Germans always come to the planned event in advance and can cancel it if the interlocutor is even a minute late.

A newcomer should not talk about politics: it is impolite. In Berlin, one should adhere to restraint in dress. For walking, it is better for women to take a pair of flat-soled shoes with them, since walking in heels on the rough surface of ancient streets is very inconvenient.

Image Gallery: Berlin Tourist Maps

The botanical garden is located near the city center Berlin Zoo occupies a large area Berlin is located in the floodplain of the Spree River, of which the Havel is a tributary In the center of Berlin is the main part of the sights

Berlin- a city that is significantly different from many other cities in Europe. Here, history and modernity, the measured and dynamic life, West and East Germany harmoniously merge. It is this diversity of the city that attracts about 25 million tourists here every year, the number of which is only growing every year.

Berlin landmarks

Bright feature of Berlin is the inherent contrast between modern architecture and historic buildings. Speaking of the German capital, first of all, such sights as the Brandenburg Gate, which are undoubtedly the symbol of the city, the Reichstag with its glass dome built in 1999, the romantic Gendarmenmarkt, and the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedechtnis come to mind. -Kirche, which has become a kind of reminder of the horrors of war.

Undoubtedly one of the main sights of Berlin represents the Berlin Wall, which once divided Berlin into two parts: east and west. Despite the fact that the wall was destroyed back in 1989, some of its remains still remind of those tragic times. The East Side Gallery, which is a part of the Berlin Wall with a length of 1200 meters, which displays paintings by artists from all over the world, attracts a lot of tourists' attention.

Of considerable interest among tourists is also the Alexanderplatz square, which received its name in honor of the Emperor of Russia Alexander the First. The square is home to the fourth tallest television tower in Europe (203 meters), which offers a magnificent view of the entire city. Here you can also see the one-of-a-kind World Time Clocks showing the time of all major cities.

Berlin - the city of arts

Berlin is a city of arts, artists and museums. Berlin museums very varied. In more than 170 museums in the city, you can get acquainted with treasures from all over the world. The most famous is Museum Island, which houses five museums: Pergamon Museum, Bode Museum, Old and New Museums, Old National Gallery. Of great interest to connoisseurs are the Museum of Culture (Forum of Culture), the Berlin Wall Museum located at Checkpoint Charlie, the Jewish Museum and many others.

No less famous is the Memorial to the Murdered Jews in Europe, erected in the city center, near the Brandenburg Gate. It is made in the form of a labyrinth, consisting of concrete slabs of different sizes. Despite the fact that the memorial was built in 2005, it is already one of the most striking monuments in Berlin.

Talking about modern architecture Berlin and, it is also worth mentioning the Sony-Center, located on Potsdamer Platz and representing an architectural ensemble of metal, concrete and glass. It unites seven buildings located under one roof in the form of a dome. It is especially beautiful here at night, when the entire square is illuminated with colorful lights.

Berlin is also a paradise for classical music lovers from all over the world. The world famous Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the National Opera and Ballet Theater, the German State Opera, the Comic Opera and many others are located here. In addition, numerous theaters, concert halls, cabarets all year round offer a variety of programs for all tastes for all connoisseurs of art.

Berlin is also one of the greenest cities in the world. The city has many parks, the largest of which is the Tiergarten, located in the city center and the largest "green" facility in the German capital. Its total area is approximately 210 hectares.

Treptow are no less famous - Park, Schiller Park, Lustgarten Park and many others. Of particular interest is Berlin Botanical Garden located in the southwestern part of the city. Here, on an area of ​​more than 43 hectares, you can get acquainted with the collection of plants, numbering more than 22,000 species.

In addition, Berlin is also interesting because it has two zoos: Berlin Zoological Garden, where you can also visit the Berlin Aquarium, and Berlin Tirpark. Berlin Zoological Garden is located in the western part of Berlin and is the oldest zoo in Germany. It has the richest collection of animals, with a total of about 14,000 animals of approximately 1,500 species.

Berlin Tirpark was built in the eastern part of the city after the end of the Second World War. Its feature is a huge territory with a total area of ​​160 hectares, which makes it the largest landscape zoo in Europe.

Thus, Berlin Is a city that you can talk about endlessly, but it really deserves to be included in the list of those places where you should visit at least once in your life. This is a city where everyone will surely find something for themselves, a city that will not leave anyone indifferent.