Anichkov Palace - the symbol of the monarch of love for Russia (1) - questions of history. Anichkov Palace - a symbol of the monarch of love for Russia (1) - questions of the story that is now located in Anichkov Palace

Anichkov Palace.

Anichkov Palace is one of the main attractions of St. Petersburg, the former Imperial Residence on the Embankment of the Fontanka River, a monument of architecture of the XVIII - XIX centuries, the oldest building on that has come down to the present day.

Magnificent palace from the very beginning of his creation was conceived as an imperial gift. Owners alternated, numerous restructuring changed the appearance and even the architectural style of buildings, but the topic of bringing to the gift remains unshakable and traced throughout his history.

In the XVIII century, Russian Empress presented him with their beloved, in the XIX century in the reigning dynasty of the Romanov, a tradition appeared to hand it as a wedding gift to family members. Nowadays, he is given to children. Here is the palace of the work of young and Anichkov Lyceum - a secondary school with a "scientific bias".

Anichkov Palace: Historical Help

The history of the palace begins in the troubled time of the palace coups. The daughter of Peter I Tsearevna Elizabeth, built on the throne on November 25, 1741 with the support of the Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, issues a decree on the development of the territory temporarily occupied by his regimental yard. Today it is difficult to imagine, but by the beginning of the construction of Anichkova Palace River Fontanka served as a southern city border. The new residence had to be decorating entry into the capital. The road to the city led through the river along the wooden bridge to which the palace was obliged to his name. According to legend, this bridge was built by a battalion under the command of Michael Anichkova officer.

Upon completion of construction in 1757, the estate was presented by Empress by her favorite Alexey Razumovsky, and after his death in 1771, he moved to his younger brother Cyril - Hetman, Count, President of the Academy of Sciences.

In 1776, the estate that started to decline bought Catherine II and gave Gregory Potemkin, carefully adding a large amount for the arrangement to the gift. Then possession goes to the treasury and since 1794 there is a department "Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty".

Since the beginning of the XIX century, the Palace becomes the property of the imperial family, he is given to the wedding of the Psychiatry Families. This gift at different times received: Sister of Emperor Alexander I Ekaterina Pavlovna, then his brother Nikolai Pavlovich, the future emperor Nicholas I, whose son and grandson - Alexander II and Alexander III also turned out to be among his happy owners.

During the reign of Nikolai I, Anichkov, the Palace acquires the status of the imperial, and becomes the center of the secular life of the northern capital. Under Alexander III, the palace turned into his residence, after the death of the emperor, became the place of stay of the widowing empress Mary Fedorovna.

In the walls of the palace belonging to the first persons of the state, interesting events took place. Among them are the most remarkable, in our opinion, are the following:

• in 1786, the piano was presented in the Garden Gallery of the Palace, at the time - a new musical instrument;
• in 1830 they held a grand suitulized holiday regarding the conclusion of the Russian-Turkish world;
• it was here that solemn techniques and famous court ballots were held, on which the spouse of A. S. Pushkin Natalia Nikolayevna shone;
• in November 1836, the Great Poet was invited to the palace to a personal audience to Nicholas I, during which the emperor demanded to refrain from the duel;
• at the Palace in 1838, Taras Shevchenko was redeemed from the Palace in 1838, Taras Shevchenko was redeemed from the fortress. As a win, a portrait of the famous Russian poet Vasily Ivanovich Zhukovsky, Karl Bullov's brush;
• V. I. Zhukovsky had personal apartments in the palace and lived there since 1810 as a mentor's rights of the heir to the throne;
• at the end of the last century, the first mute cinema showed here and opened up a school for children of employees;
• in 1914, Nikolai II Irina and Prince Felix Yusupov, Prince of Felix Yusupov, were crowned in the Palace Church - the one who took part in the murder of Gregory Rasputin - the spiritual mentor and friend of the family of the emperor.

In the Soviet period, the palace was nationalized, it housed various government agencies and the museum of the city. In 1937, the largest Palace of Pioneers in the country was hospitably opened the doors for Leningrad's schoolchildren. From here, they started their professional path in art, sports and science of the celebrity of the past and this century: Folk artists Kirill Lavrov and Elena Exello, the famous chess player Victor Corrun, Russian historian Lion Luurie and Academician Natalya Behtereva, Cosmonauts Boris Shatalov and Georgy Grechko and many others .

Architecture Anichkova Palace

According to the project of the Russian architect Mikhail Zemtsov and his assistant, Grigory Dmitriev, the building went out the facade on the fountain. It was a breakthrough channel with a harbor for rowing and sailing vessels arriving along the river directly to the steps of the front entrance. Stone chambers that had an unusual form in the form of the letter "H" looked elegant and dynamically thanks to different floors: three-storey central part and side fluels, crowned with domes, was symmetrically combined with two-storey transitions.

After the death of both architects, the construction is completing Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli, makes adjustments to the original idea and decorate the Baroque Palace, designs three long-term gilded iconostasis for a Resurrection Temple, which is distinguished by the extraordinary richness of the finish. Later, this masterpiece was postponed to the Vladimir Cathedral.

An ensemble of a luxury park with pavilions, fountains, sculpture and arbors. English gardener Ludwig Tagger was brought to arrange the garden from Strelna.

Changes that attached the palace and park complex a solemn and strict species are made under the leadership of the architect Ivan Starov. The palace was rebuilt in the style of classicism, made completely three-story, removed the vases and stucco, the harbor fell asleep. The garden was replaced with a landscape park with a large gallery for masquerads and music holidays, a pond and island appeared in the central part.

The shift of the owners every time was accompanied by the restructuring of the palace and the reconstruction of the extensive park zone adjacent to the building. The famous architects Egor Sokolov, Ernest Zhirbetti, Karl Rossi, Hippolit Monighetti and others were contributed to the creation of an architectural ensemble and interior.

The dimensions of the estate significantly decreased by the beginning of the XIX century. At the site of the pavilion with the picture gallery of Razumovsky, where balls, concerts and mascaras were arranged, built. The greenhouses and the greenhouses changed the building of the Imperial Public Library, where it was transferred from the Palace of the Palace of 200 thousand volumes of the invaluable meeting of the Brothers Joseph and Andrei Zaluzki. For the personal imperial office built on the project of the famous Jacomo Kurengy in 1803-1805, two buildings closed the view of the palace with Anichkova Bridge.

In Soviet times, the main reconstruction occurred in 1935 on the project of architects David Krichevsky and Alexander Hegello. The chambers were converted to the game rooms, the cinema hall was located in the former church for three hundreds of places, at the Manege created sports halls, built new buildings for creative studios, laboratories and classes.

Exposure, attractions and events

Exposure space is represented by ten parade halls, where historical interiors are preserved, among them:

• Dance (white) hall and large dining room - the work of Luigi Ruska that has come down to us;
• Winter garden, where the sculptures of ancient characters and original green toads are hidden among exotic plants;
• It looks expensive the interior of the Golden Hall with high mirrors, decorated with yellow baroque style;
• The raspberry living room, created in the favorite color of the Danish Princess Dagmar - the future empress of Mary Fedorovna, looks romantic and solemnly;
• A small reception, in which the only part of the once luxurious decoration is preserved - an elegant chandelier in the form of pineapple. Unusual lamps can also be seen in the flooring hall.
• the most original room from the old heritage of the palace is the library created by the creative genius of the architects of Zibra and Monighetti, completed in 1869. Two-tier octagonal unimagon with niches equipped for entry, fireplace, counted room and stairs, made in the Renaissance style. Finishing with light oak, bronze chandeliers, carved balcony create a feeling of amazing comfort and comfort. This room is well preserved and to this day is used for its intended purpose.
• the guests who painted in 1936 by the masters of Palekh painting, based in the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin and Maxim Gorky, enjoy consistently successful success.

Five exposition halls tell about the history of the Palace of Pioneers renamed the Palace of Young Creativity in 1990. The collection is rich in interesting exhibits, for example: Helmet Moiseeva - World Motocross Champion, Medal Manina and Gloves Boxer Shalkov - Olympic Champions.

Before the main entrance, the birch is growing, placed by astronauts Vladimir Komarov and German Titov.

Which offers the Palace Museum today

In the halls where the Personal Museum of Alexander III was previously located, since 1991, the Palace History Museum has been working. His rich exposition is devoted to the history of the Palace from the foundation to the present day. Forces of the Museum employees are held:

• sightseeing tour "Palace of Kings - Palace of Children", with a visit to the exhibition "Live Art Phane";
• educational lectures on the topic "Anichkov Palace - a monument of Russian history";
• gaming programs in fairy tale rooms;
• festive events for school graduates;
• exhibitions of achievements of teachers and pupils of the palace of young creativity, in which more than 1,300 different sections are working.

Anichkov Palace: Where is and how to get

The exact address of Anichkova Palace: St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospect, house 39, lit. BUT.

Most convenient to get to the metro station to the station "Seating courtyard" and go through a few minutes on Nevsky Prospect. The second option of the route - from the Metro station "Mayakovskaya" will be held through Anichkov Bridge, which gave the name of the palace.

The name of this architectural masterpiece is associated with the bridge, which is located near the building itself. This bridge was erected by the military, who belonged to the Admiral battalion under the command of M. Anichkov. The palace began to build in 1741 on a hill on the right side of the legendary river Fontanka.

The story of Anichkova Palace is very rich, it includes the following significant events.

• At the beginning of the 18th century, the legendary Empress Ekaterina II bought this building and presented him as a gift in Potemkin.

• In the 19th century, a new tradition appeared among the imperial nobility - Anichkov Palace began to transmit as a wedding gift.

• At the beginning of the 20th century, after the revolution, the museum of the city was located here. However, the expositions in the museum concerned not only St. Petersburg, but also Rome, Moscow.

• In 1937, one of the largest house of pioneers was opened here in all of the USSR. The building survived the second world war and remained untouched, despite the fact that he was repeatedly planned to blow up.

• During the battle, hospital was located here. After the end of hostilities, the house of the pioneers reached the guests again. It was visited by the famous chess player B. Spassky, the singer Opera E. Sumitzova, a famous actress A. Freindlich, and others.

Now in the building is the palace of young creativity and functions of Anichkov Lyceum. There are more than two dozen sections for schoolchildren, a variety of circles in the palace. However, the palace welcomes adults, excursions are constantly being held here.

Architecture Anichkova Palace

The project of the Anichkova Palace building was laid by M. Zemtsov, who planned to create it in the style of Baroque. However, the architect could not embody his ideas, because he died in a year and a half. Architectural affairs lay on the shoulders D. Dmitriev and B.F. Rastrelli. However, they changed the initial idea of \u200b\u200bMG fundamentally. Zemtsov.

The central part of the building is a three-storey construction with a large and bright bed. This part is connected to the filties with a special porch. The central facade goes to the Fontanka River, the main entrance is located there. The opposite facade goes into the garden, where pavilions and sculptures are placed.

Finishing all rooms was performed under the control of B.F. Rastrelli. Picturesque works of A.P. Anthropova, I.Ya. Vishnyakova decorate the walls of the premises. On the second and third floors there is a church with eleven-meter iconostasis with gilding, which is made in the style of baroque ornament.

Anichkov Palace is an architectural masterpiece of the 18th century, striking with its beauty and uniqueness. Today, interesting exhibitions are held here and children's mugs work.

One of the most prominent monuments of the Palace architecture of St. Petersburg of the XVIII-XIX centuries is Anichkov Palace. It is located on the right bank of the Fontanka River, not far from Nevsky Prospect. The palace got its name from Anichkova Bridge. Lieutenant Colonel M. O. Anichkov in Petrovsky was led by the workers teams of soldiers. In the 1730s, there was a suburban residence of the first polycmeterster general of St. Petersburg A. M. Devière. Then the site moved to the deposit of Lukyanov. He benefited from his daughter Peter I Zesarevne Elizabeth. By order of August 10, 1741, it was ordered to build a palace on this place. The compilation of the project of the Palace and the construction of his Empress Elizabeth Petrovna instructed the wonderful Russian architect, the student of Domenico Trezini, Mikhail Grigorievich Zemtsov.

Initially, the palace was conceived as a magnificent suburban manor with a regular garden. He had to have all his appearance - sizes, wealth and variety of finishes, color - to attract attention to itself, dramatically stand out among other buildings. According to the land project, the Palace managed to build only until the second floor. After his death, in the fall of 1743 years, his assistant to Architect Dmitry Dmitriev, who conducted a construction for the "secured" drawings was commissioned. The completion of construction and interior decoration is associated with the name of F. B. Rastrelli, who introduced significant amendments to the plan. Rastrelli significantly changed the layout and design of facades. Over the side risals, high eight-marched dome were erected, intricately treated with rocales and vases. On the dome of one rizalit (in which the church was located) the cross was installed, on the dome of another - the star. The central risalitis architect crossed the triangular fronton, oval emblem shield and a lush decorative sculpture. But the palace, which Rastrelli saw him, did not save his appearance. Mostly, he was destroyed by a fire of 1762. About the building can only be judged by the preserved figure made in 1753 by the artist M. I. Makhaev.

The Palace and the garden of regular planning with curly parquets and ponds, boss and fountains occupied the entire territory between the Fontanka embankment and the garden street, a great perspective and an anichkov alley. The main facade of the palace went to the fountain, and not to Nevsky Prospect. The opposite facade was facing the garden. The whole manor with the garden was fenced with a deaf fence, stretching to a garden street. In the center of the front yard, a small-hawan pool, associated with a fountain channel, was pulled out. So ships could get straight to the frontal porch of the palace. On the banks of the canal there are two gallery colonnades. Along the fontanka, the front courtyard was limited to walking gallery.

The decoration of the palace premises was made according to the drawings and under the supervision of Rastrelli. Picturesque works were performed by A. P. Anthropov, I. Ya. Vishnyakov, brothers Veief and other masters. The palace church occupied the second and third floors in the right wing of the building located along a great perspective. Her interiors were decorated especially carefully. Three-tier carved iconostasis, coated with gilding, reached a height of 11 meters. He was distinguished by a rich baroque ornament. Currently, the iconostasis is located in the cathedral of the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God at the Vladimir Square. Fully construction of the palace was completed in 1754. For decades, the building has repeatedly passed from one owner to another. Three years after the completion of the construction of the Empress presented the palace to his favorite Count Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky, with whom the secret was secret. After the death of Count Anichkova, the manor went to his brother, Hetman Kirill Grigorievich Razumovsky, who practically did not live in St. Petersburg. Gradually, the palace and garden began to come to the launch. Empress Ekaterina II bought the estate at the hetman and in 1776 complained her prince G. A. Potemkin as a sign of recognition of his merit in the Russian-Turkish war. According to his command, many palace premises in 1778-1779 were rebuilt with architect I. E. Starov. There was a picturesque landscape park with a large pond and an island in the center of a regular garden. Galleries and the stone fence of the palace were disassembled, the harbor and ponds are covered. A winter garden and a terrace attached to the palace. For masquerades and festivities, an Italian house with a gallery. Baroque decoration of the palace was replaced by more strict, in the style of classicism. Flat dome appeared above the side risals instead of figure bulbs. This appearance of the building has been preserved with minor changes to this day.

In 1793, the brutal prince who needed in the money was sold to Anichkovoy estate to the merchant Shemyakin. Catherine II bought it and prevented Potemkin again. In 1794, after moving Potemkin to the Tauride Palace, the estate was bought by the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty - the department managed by the property of the royal court. Here it was under Pavel I, but in the reign of Alexander I, the architect of the quarterers elevated for the office a special building. At the same time, individual seats were transferred to public and private construction. In 1803-1805, on the shore of Fontanka and Nevsky Prospect, the architect J. Kurengy erected two buildings of trading rows with open arcades, united by ionic colonnade. From now, the main facade of the palace and turned out to be obscured by the river. Arcade in 1885 laid bricks. Only the passage remained between the housings, decorated with six-standing pairwise columns.

In 1809, Anichkov Palace together with the remaining part of the estate was presented by Alexander I sister Ekaterina Pavlovna. After the wedding with the Duke of Oldenburg, the Great Princess settled in the palace constantly, and he was called "the palace of Her Highness of the Great Princess Catherine Pavlovna." At this time, new interiors decorated with architect L. Rusk in the style of classicism appeared here. Ruska also elevated new buildings of palace services and stables. 154,272 rubles were appointed to the "renewal" of the palace, the inner finish cost 410,997 rubles. In early 1812, a fire happened in the palace again, the losses from which hundreds of thousand rubles were estimated.

In 1816, Ekaterina Pavlovna married again and left Russia. The palace was again bought in the treasury for 2 million rubles and proceeded to the departure of the department. The following year, Emperor Alexander I presented the estate for marriage to his brother, the great prince Nikolai Pavlovich (the future emperor Nicholas I). After joining the Russian throne, Nikolai I, Anichkov, the Palace became officially called "his own imperial Majesty Palace." The emperor said that he had spent the "happy and best years of his life." After the fire of 1837 in the Winter Palace during his restoration, the emperor moved to Anichkov.

At the beginning of the XIX century, the territory between the estate and the new building of the Public Library, erected in 1796-1801 on the project of the architect E. T. Sokolov, was unsystemantly built up with non-pieces of private houses. In 1817-1818, the architect K. I. Rossi brilliantly carried out the reconstruction of the manor, at the same time creating an ensemble of Ostrovsky Square. According to projects of the architecture, the Palace's front premises were renovated and renovated. The manor garden from the abandoned turned into a picturesque and cozy. The church was arranged on the top floor of the northern side rizalit. She was sanctified in the name of Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. The church was decorated with a new iconostasis, in the design of which artists B. Medici and F. Toricelli participated. The walls were decorated with pilasters and covered with wonderful paintings. On the territory of the estate Rossi erected a Manege and an arc-curved service case, which closed the view from the windows of the palace on official buildings. Near the palace, two pavilions were built: one at the corner of the Nevsky Prospect, the other - in the depths of the square. The height of them is equal to the height of the first floor of the Public Library - 7.3 m, the length is 20.7 m. The size of them is small, but they look like monumental buildings. All facades of pavilions differ in the "mood". The main and side, facing the city, more strict and majestic, while the garden facade, on the contrary, is more modest. Inside each pavilion, a large hall was designed, separated by columns, picturesque plaffones and stucco panels on the walls. In the formation of the appearance of the pavilions, the role of sculpture is great. Statues that depict the old and young warriors symbolize the people who defended Russia in the war of 1812.

In the second half of the XIX century, the initial appearance of the pavilions was broken by punching additional windows and doors. The number of decorated sculptures decorated them. Previously, there were sixteen - at eight on every pavilion. Now it remains half less: five on the corner pavilion and three are on the second. Nevertheless, even in this form, they fit perfectly into the ensemble of Nevsky Prospect.
From Avenue and Square, the estate separated a beautiful openwork cast-iron fence from copies with gilded arrows and wreaths. Fence, as well as balustrades, crowded pavilions, were cast on Alexandrovsky (later proletarian) factory. Anichkov Palace has become a permanent location of the Small Dvor. It was satisfied with balls and solemn techniques. In the 1830s, A. S. Pushkin, Krasavitsa Natalie Goncharov "danced in Anichkovoy". In the Palace, Alexander Nikolayevich (the future emperor Alexander II), the firstborn and the heir to Emperor Nikolai I, and the heir of Emperor Nikolai I, and in 1841 the palace was presented to Alexander on his marriage day. In the 1850s, under the leadership of the architect A. I. Shockenshneeter in the building, some alterations were held, associated with the device of residential premises and carrying out water supply and sewage. On November 28, 1866, after marriage with the Danish Princess Dagmara, the Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich, the future emperor Alexander III, settled in the palace, in the palace. After the end of the throne, he did not move to the Winter Palace and all his reign lived in Anichkov Palace and in Gatchina, making them with his residences. In 1886-1887, the architect M. E. Mesmarms repaired a number of premises of the Palace.

The last mistress of Anichkova Palace was destined to become a widded Empress Maria Fedorovna. After the death of her spouse, Emperor Alexander III, she was left to live in Anichkov Palace. All expenses for the maintenance of the courtyard of Mary Fedorovna took over her son, Emperor Nicholas II. In February 1917, the Ministry of Food was posted in the nationalized palace. After the October Revolution, all employees of the ministries refused to cooperate with the Bolsheviks. In May 1918, the ministry from the palace was evicted, and the building itself was transferred to the cultural and educational department of the city council. In Anichkovoy Palace, more than fifteen years old Museum of Old Petersburg was posted. It is now difficult to trace the fate of objects from his collection. Only a few of them were placed in the Hermitage and Russian Museum. The main part of the collection was implemented abroad through Gosthorg and Antiques. In 1935, the city authorities decided to arrange the Palace Palace in the building. In an emergency, under the direction of architects, A. I. Hegello and D. L. Krychevsky passed the redevelopment of a significant part of the premises. Fully destroyed the unique decoration of the Palace Church, which was redone to the cinema hall. During the Great Patriotic War, the palace was repeatedly subjected to bombardments and shelling. Hospital was posted in his front halls. The restoration of the palace began immediately after removing the blockade of the city. In 1986, a modern building of the Carnival's theater and concert complex was erected on the territory of the palace.
Now in the building there is a palace of young creativity.

G.IO.L.

The oldest of the preserved buildings on Nevsky Prospect.

History

At this time, the fountain served the outskirts of the city, and Nevsky Prospect was still promoted. Thus, the palace had to decorate entry into the capital. From the fountain to the palace there was a special channel, ending at the entrance to a small harbor. Hence the unusual position of the palace standing in the Nevsky Prospect side. The built palace, which was reminder with a garden, fountains, Peterhof, LeshoF, presented to his favorite Alexey Razumovsky. Subsequently, the palace repeatedly performed as a gift, usually for a wedding. After the eight of the throne of Catherine II, bought it at the brother of Razumovsky - Kirill, found it most appropriate to give him to His favorite Count Gregory Potemkin. 100 thousand rubles were added to the gift to arrange the palace "to taste". As a result, the palace was redone in 1776-1778 by the architect I. E. Older in classicism style, therefore the construction of the construction was characteristic of Baroque was destroyed, the stucco disappeared, the harbor waspped. As a result, the palace became more stringent, but also monotonous.

At the end of the XVIII century, the palace was bought off in the treasury, for some time there was a cabinet of his imperial Majesty, for which two separate buildings were built in front of the Palace, two separate buildings were built in front of the Palace, who closed the Overview of the Palace with Anichkova Bridge. In 1809, Alexander I presented the palace with his beloved sister of the great princess Catherine Pavlovna as a dowry for a wedding with Prince Georg Oldenburg. When in 1816 she re-married and left Russia, the palace was again bought in the treasury.

After the revolution, the museum of the city has long existed, in

There is a very beautiful building in the northern capital of Russia - Anichkov Palace, the construction, which is the object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation. It is located behind an anichkov bridge, at the corner of the Nevsky Prospect and the Embankment Fontanka. It began to be built in 1741 after the Empress of the Empress of Elizabeth Petrovna, and later they were often rebuilt. In construction, such well-known architects of the Palace took part in the palace, such as M. Gazetsov, B.F. Rastrelli, I.E. Starov, J. Cvarengi, K.I. Rossi et al. Today in this building is the St. Petersburg City Palace of Young Creativity.
Magnificent monument to Russian culture of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In addition to its architectural advantages, is a typical specimen of the monarch of love of the Romanov dynasty to each other. The history of the palace is a bright testimony of that, in the name of whom and for which the monarchist system was created. And not only in Russia.
And now a little history. In August 1741, Queen Elizaveta bought in St. Petersburg at the Lesotorgovka D. Lukyanov's extensive plot of land, to which the adjacent sections joined and commanded to build a palace here for his favorite Alexei Razumovsky, with whom was secretly applied. A.G.Razumovsky was an outcomes from Malorusia and sang in the church church of Empress Anna John. As the Polish historian K. Wishevsky wrote "Handsome Khokhol was sometimes" Bouen in Hmly ", but the rusty was limited only to the crushing of furniture" (2). However, the moral and moral appearance of the Romanov dynasty is not the subject of this article; In modern Russia, Romanov was given the halo of religious holiness. Therefore, we leave on the side of the breakdown, secret marriages, illegitimate children, murders, knee into the monastery and others. Acts of the Romanov family. May the church prays for sinful and lost!
We continue the story of Anichkova Palace. After reviewing more than a dozen projects, Empress Elizabeth allowed to start building a palace. And he really went to the glory! The main facade was drawn to the fountain. Special channel Fontanka was connected to the harbor, which was arranged in the middle of the front palace. On both sides of the channel, two gallery colonnades were erected, and above the building of the palace, which went to the current Nevsky Prospekt - an extensive hanging garden. On the canal, guests sailed on boats to the steps of the palace, where they met numerous servants.
Near the palace, on the site of the Alexandrinsky Theater, the Pavilion was built into the reign of Elizabeth, in which the picture gallery was located, balls, concerts and masquerades were held. Along the Nevskaya Perspective (current Nevsky Prospect) from Anichkova Palace stretched a pond with full of shores. And on the site of the current National Library ("Public") were built greenhouses and a greenhouse. Palace's servants lived in a gardening street. All this is a palace complex, owned by a lover and a secret husband of the Empress, as probably understands the reader, cost considerable funds and labor of the "brilliant empire" of the house of Romanov.

Anichkov Palace, 1749-1750.

In 1767, Alexey Razumovsky sold Anichkov Palace in KazNU, and the new Empress, Catherine II, presented him with his favorite - Gregory Potemkin. He, however, after a while resembled the gift received by the merchant N. Shemyakin. But the faithful secret wife G.A. Potemkin (here they are loving wives!) Ekaterina II, showing truly the monacula love, bought an anichkov the palace and again presented him with his favorite. At the same time architect I.E. Starov produced in it significant restructuring in the spirit of early classicism, which allowed the bright princess to arrange luxurious festivals here, who caused the envy of foreigners. However, in the "Golden Age of Russia" for some reason not only enough of common people, but also in high-ranking courtiers. In the end, G. Potemkin, referring to the "acute need," in 1785, I again sold Anichkov Palace, but this time - in the royal treasury.
Officials for a long time did not know how to use extensive premises of the palace. As a result, at first it was translated here the office of Her Majesty, and later - the Directorate of Imperial Theaters. Architect J. Roserengi erected two separate buildings and in 1809 Alexander I presented the palace with his beloved sister Great Princess Catherine Pavlovna as a dowry for a wedding with the prince of Oldenburg. The building of the Palace with these owners rebuilt the architect L. Ruska. In 1816, Ekaterina Pavlovna eventually married the hereditary Prince V. Würtenbergsky (Mr. Oldenburg died in 1812). Before leaving for her husband abroad, she sold the palace in the treasury for 2,000,000 rubles. From that time, the palace became the property of the imperial family.

Anichkov Palace, 1810th.
In 1817, Alexander I presented Anichkov the Palace to his brother Great Prince Nikolai Pavlovich (the future emperor Nicholas I) for the upcoming wedding. After that, the famous K.I. Rossi in 1817-1818. Rebuilt many palace premises. In addition, the architect built the so-called. Served body, two garden pavilions, redefined the garden (with the participation of A.A. Menelas and I.A. Ivanova). In 1818, Rossi fence the complex from the Theater Square located near him (now A.N. Ostrovsky) cast iron grille, and the area itself was cleared of extra buildings. The heir to the throne remained satisfied.
In 1825, Nikolai Pavlovich became the emperor, and the next year the status of the imperial was assigned an anichkov palace. The palace called "his own imperial majesty." Grandous celebrations were liked in Anichkov Palace, participation in which, often against their desire, was supposed to take a couple of Pushkin.
The next owner of Anichkova Palace in 1841 was the Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich (future Alexander II), to which he was given by his father for a wedding. In 1853, plumbing and sewage were carried out here.
After the death of Nicholas I in 1855-1860, the estate of Alexander Fedorovna and the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich, who built his own palace, lived in the estate. In 1865, the Architect Zheber for the heir of the throne, the son of Alexander II, the Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich, worked on the Anichkov Palace. But Nikolay Alexandrovich unexpectedly died. After that, the Palace became the residence of the Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich, the future Alexander III. The palace complex was given to him for a wedding Alexander II. There was also a wedding of the Grand Prince and Danish Princess Dagmara (the future empress of Maria Fodorovna). Alexander III often lived in Anichkov Palace, fearing terrorists. In 1868-1875 Over the interiors of the Palace worked by I.A. Monighetti.

Anichkov Palace

The Anichkov Palace was the childhood of the future emperor Nicholas II. 1874-1875 Architect KK Rakhau made a new front entrance in the form of arcade, and overn for him a winter garden. In 1886, an architect M.E. worked in Anichkov Palace Mesmarms. In 1885-1886 Located arcade of the first floor of the Cabinet Building (Architect N.A. Shildknecht).
The last mistress of the palace complex was Mother Nicholas II, Empress Maria Fedorovna. With it, the restructuring of the palace buildings continued. In particular, in the building of the Kabinet E. I. V. in 1915-1916. Architect A.Ya. Beloborodov was arranged a parade hall in neoclassical forms. And in 1914, the premises of the palace for the last time they saw the reigning specimen in all their magnificence, the wedding of Nikolai II niece II of the Great Princess Irina Aleksandrovna and Prince F.F. took place in the Church of Anichkova Palace Yusupova.


Anichkov Palace

Immediately after the revolution, Anichkov the Palace nationalized. In 1918-1935 The Palace created the Museum of the city (the predecessor of the Museum of History of St. Petersburg). In 1937, at the initiative of S.M. Kirov was opened here the Palace of Pioneers, the largest in the USSR. For this in 1936-1937. Anichkov Palace was reconstructed by the project of architects A.I. Hegello and D.L. Krichevsky. A cinema hall was created here, two recreation rooms are painted by masters from Palen to the motives of the works of A.S. Pushkin and A.M. Gorky. More than a hundred children's circles opened. The chess became especially famous, which was visited by V. Korma, B. Spassky, M. Taimanov. Future Academician N.P. became pupils of the palace. Bekhtereva, Cosmonaut pilots B.A. Shatalov and G.M. Grechko, Artists S. Yursky, A. Freindlich, E. Exodinova et al. In Soviet times, the work of the Palace of Pioneers did not stop even during the blockade of the city of German-fascist invaders. Leningrad guys spent here the most interesting years of his childhood ...

History Anichkova Palace, this is the history of Russia in microscopic form. It is difficult to even imagine how much our people managed to have one single palace who bought and sold, built and rebuilt, naturally, for the state account and popular money. How many human lives, material and financial resources were spent on the satisfaction of the "tastes", the victability and the pleasures of the monarch of the monarch, preferably, as they like to speak today, "who loved Russia." And only the Soviet government put this end - the palace was transferred to children. But how many similar palaces and palace complexes, parks, buildings and structures belonged to a numerous family of Romanovs, which were called upon "Grateful Russia".
Today, when some of the Russian citizens suddenly loved the institute of the monarchy, the patient inexplicable, almost a religious sense of confidence in "Justice" and the "kindness" of the royal system, it is worth remembering about the serfdom, and about the estate society with the "Mobile" and "gentlemen" and The absence of any political freedoms in the imperial Russia, replaced who were designed by executions, prison and cortuga. Finally, it is worth remembering how much the imperial family and their closest relatives managed to. As for the monarch of love, it was directed first of all on themselves, the story of Anichkova Palace of St. Petersburg is evidenced by the history of Anichkova.

Anichkov Palace today