White Kazan Kremlin. Historical and architectural complex "Kazan Kremlin

Kazan Kremlin is the main attraction of the city. Do not attend the "heart" of the capital - this is a serious omission for any tourist. Museums, architectural monuments are located on a huge territory, and most importantly, here you will meet the combination of two crops that "live together" for several centuries. In our review we will tell you how to get to the Kazan Kremlin, we will show some sights and the best routes to miss anything.

How to get to the Kazan Kremlin?

On public transport, the path will be the following: you need to get to the central stadium stops, or the "Sports Palace", or "Tsum". You can also drive to the subway to Art. Kremlin.

Pervomaisk Square

After that, you need to rise to the May Day Square, one of the most ancient squares of Kazan. Once it was a public center of the city, where the decrees were announced, a solemn ceremony was conducted and publicly punished. During its time, the Square changed the name several times: Spasskaya (according to the corresponding tower of the Kremlin of the XVI century), Alexandrovskaya (on it once stood a monument to Alexander II, which was demolished), "Tash Ayak" (per. From Tat. - "Stone Leg" ) and others now it is the starting point for the departure of all excursions in the Kazan Kremlin. The entrance to the Kremlin begins with the Spasskaya (Central) Tower of the Complex.

Little more details O. Spasskaya Tower.Initially, it is the front of the wall, which is shown in the photo, were built by Pskov masters before other objects. If you get closer, you can see massive cobblestones, from which the walls and the tower are made. Previously there was a church. For a long time, it was big ones, which fell asleep in the XVIII century. The entrance was on the side, for it is better to defend themselves from the invaders.

We will show and tell the basic objects of the Kremlin so that you do not miss the most interesting.

Route Walking in the Kremlin

We offer one of the possible routes for visiting the historical complex.

Especially for you made a visual route on the Kremlin on the layout:

Monument to Musa Jalile

Before entering the Kremlin, there is a monument to Musa Jalil. You do not miss it. Musa Jalil - One of the great and highly revered by the Tatar people of poets. It is known for the collection of front-line poems "Moabitsky notebook", which was written in Moabit concentration camp (Berlin). Collection can be found in what is inside the Kazan Kremlin

Having passed through the Spasskaya Tower, you will go on sheikman Street,the main street of the Kremlin. She is named after Yakov Sheikman, who headed the defense of Kazan from Belochov. When taking a city in August 1918, did not have time to evacuate, was captured and shot.

The street is paved with a cobblestone and is a favorite seat of the walk of Kazan. Those who wish can ride the Kremlin in a carriage. On the same street there is a center "Hermitage-Kazan", the only branch of the museum, located not in St. Petersburg, but on the contrary - the building of the present places.

Mosque Kul Sharif

Near the mosque has been established exposure of sculptures. Tourists do not miss the opportunity to take a picture of the riding or just next to them.

Entrance to the mosque is free. 5 rubles for booties. Women should use scarves that lie at the entrance and distribute for free.

To the top of the Tower - the UNESCO icon

Presidential palace

Walking the Tower of Syumubik and the Palace Church, you will see the former governor, and now the presidential palace. The internal environment will not be assessed, since the palace is the residence of the President of Tatarstan.

From here you can reach another observation point, from where there are chic species - or the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan.

There you can continue journey through the city. The attraction is rather controversial, but to appreciate it, it is worth looking at your own eyes. Also can become a continuation of your walk.

Finally, we will leave the list of all museums in the Kremlin:

• Museum of Natural History of Tatarstan. Located in the building on the main street Kremlin - Junkers School
• Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941-45 (Junker School)
• National Picture Gallery (Junker School)
• Center "Hermitage-Kazan" (Junker School)
• Museum of Islamic culture. Located on the ground floor Mosque Kul Sharif
• Museum of the History of the Annunciation Cathedral (in the building of the Cathedral)
• Museum of the Cannon Court (located in the southern risatite of the Eastern (main) enclosure of a cannon court)
• Museum of history of the statehood of Tatarstan (Palace Church)
• Kremlin Exhibition Hall "Manege" (building located near the Junker School)

So, if you have little sightseeing tours, look as well in these museums. Lovers will definitely be taste. As for our review, we note that all the attractions are worth seeing with their own eyes, come to Kazan and be sure to look into the Kremlin.

In our country, such a number of interesting and memorable places, which in order to see all of them, not enough life. Today we will go to Tatarstan. The attraction, which is proud of the capital of the republic, is the Kazan Kremlin, the most ancient part of the city, a unique complex of historical, archaeological and architectural monuments, which reveal the centuries-old history of the Tatar people, ancient city and the republic as a whole.

The entire territory of the complex today is a museum-reserve, which has been protected by UNESCO since 2000. Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) is the main attraction of the republic. Tatar and Russian cultural traditions are harmoniously combined in a huge territory.

After Kazan was taken by the troops of Ivan the Terrible, most of the constructions of the Kremlin were damaged, and almost all mosques were destroyed. The king ordered the Belarusian Kremlin here, and for this purpose, the architects were sent from Pskov, which the Moscow Cathedral of Vasily Blessed was sent. The fortress was significantly expanded, and wooden defensive structures were replaced by stone in the first half of the XVII century.

In the XVIII century, the Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) lost its military function and became the cultural and administrative center of the Volga region. In the next century, the construction of the Governor's Palace, the Junker School, the Bishops' House, the Spiritual Consistory, the buildings of the present places was carried out. In addition, the Annunciation Cathedral was reconstructed.

After the October Revolution (1917) in the Kazan Kremlin, the bell tower of the Annunciation Cathedral, the temple of the Spassky Monastery, the chapel with the Spasskaya Tower and other unique objects were destroyed. In the nineties of the XX century, the Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) became the residence of the President of the Republic. At this time, large-scale restoration work began.

Since 1995, work began on the construction of the Kul Sharif Mosque. Today she is one of the largest in Europe. Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) is the only one of its kind a bright sample of the synthesis of Russian and Tatar architectural style. It is also the very northernmost point of the spread of Islamic culture in the world.

Today, a lot of tourists from different countries of the world attend Tatarstan. The attraction of the republic, which causes the greatest interest - the Kazan Kremlin. It should be noted that in order to inspect all its structures, it will take at least two days, and the sightseeing tour lasts only one and a half hours. But, since we are not limited to time, we will get acquainted with the sights of the Kremlin more.

Construction of the Kremlin

Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) - Museum-Reserve, which occupies an area of \u200b\u200b13.45 hectares. The perimeter of the walls is about 1.8 thousand meters. This huge territory has a Museum-Memorial Museum, the Museum of Islam, the Hermitage Casan Center, the Museum of the History of Tatarstan and other institutions.

Spasskaya Tower

This tower contains the front door to the Kremlin. The architects Shiriy and Yakovlev built a tower in 1556. The height of this facility is 47 meters. The tetrahedral base has a straight arched opening. The eight-marginal tier has arched lumens on each side and is the bell, where there is a nabotic bell.

From above there is a brick cone, which is crowned with a five-pointed star. In another eight-marched cone are a clock with a battle. They glorified the Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan). An interesting device of the first hours, which were established in the XVIII century, became interested in many foreign craftsmen producing such mechanisms. This was explained by the fact that the clock was arranged very unusual - the dial rotated around the fixed arrows.

They were changed to the traditional analogue in 1780. The clocks that are located on the walls of the Spasskaya Tower today were installed in 1963. It is noteworthy that with the beginning of the combat battle, snow-white walls are gradually painted into a rich raspberry color.

Posted places

The project of the provincial office developed an architect from Moscow V. I. Kaftyryev. The building appeared in the Kremlin at the end of the XVIII century. There were a stationery (for receptions) and residential rooms for the governor family. The second floor was reserved under a luxurious throne room with the choirs for the orchestra. The sovereign yard was built in the XV-XVII centuries, it was built in the middle of the XIX century of GaoupTahta.

Nowadays, the Department of External Relations of the President of Tatarstan, the Central Election Commission and the Arbitration Court are located in the premises of the former office.

Preobrazhensky monastery

Kazan Kremlin, a description of which can be seen in almost all advertising prospectuses of the city, is famous for another object. In the south-east of the Kremlin, the monastery complex is located. In the center of him there are remnants of the Preobrazhensky Cathedral, destroyed in the twenties of the XX century. At the foot of the main wall of the Cathedral, you can see a small cave, which from 1596 was the burial site of the Kazan Wonderworkers.

The fraternal corps borders with the monastery fence. In 1670, monastic cells were built here. The gallery and the treasury house were erected much later. Church of St. Nicholas The Wonderworker, as well as the Chamber of Archimandrite are at the western wall of the complex. The church building was reconstructed by the project A. Schmidt in 1815. Interestingly, during the reconstruction, the tweak of the XVI century was preserved in pristine form.

Junker school

The Kremlin is on the Kremlin, which was built on the project worked earlier in St. Petersburg. This building was intended for building occupations. Today here is the Institute for Literature and Art. Ibrahimova. Manege is the Corpus of the School. He was created by the architect Pyatnitsky under the barracks for cantonists.

The building was transferred to the military department in 1861, the Junkers School was opened later in it.

Kul Sharif Mosque

In the courtyard of the school is the most beautiful mosque of the city. Four minarets shot down in the sky at fifty-seven meters. The capacity of this grand constructure is 1500 people. Minarets are painted in turquoise color, which gives the construction a surprisingly light image. In addition to the mosque, the complex includes a huge open library Museum, Publishing Center and Imam Management.

Rounded a small beautiful building with a turquoise dome, located south of the mosque, is a fire station that is stylistically related to the architectural complex. Kul Sharif was recreated in 2005. The funds for its construction were donated by citizens, as well as the enterprises of the capital.

Blagoveshchensky cathedral

This is the most ancient stone structure of Kazan, which has survived to this day. It was consecrated in 1562. The architecture of the cathedral traces the trends of Pskov, Vladimir, Ukrainian and Moscow architecture. Helmet made on the side chapters, in 1736 replaced on bulbous. The central dome is executed in the style of Ukrainian baroque.

The Museum of Orthodoxy Volga Museum has been created in the main base of the temple. A little further is the house of the bishop, which was built in 1829 on the spot where the Palace of Kazan Bishi was previously located. Constore ensemble completes. This building was rebuilt from the bishops.

Artillery Tour

Behind the mosque and the school is a cannons, more precisely, his southern corps. This is the most ancient structure of the complex - it is built at the very beginning of the XVII century. The artillery production plant began to work here in the XIX century. And last year there was a restoration. The creation of the exposition of the museum of the cannonian yard began.

Nowadays, permanent exhibitions, demonstrations of fashion collections, chamber performances are held on the territory of the complex. Near the southern corps you can see a fragment of a brick building on a stone base. At the depth of the location, this object refers to the Khan's Khan era. In those days, residential buildings were built here.

Palace of Governor

It was built in 1848 for the Governor of Kazan with royal chambers for especially honorable guests. He led the works by K. A. Ton, who is known for his amazing works. This is the temple of Christ and the big in Moscow. At this place was the Hanger Palace Ensemble.

The transition is associated with the palace church the second floor of the palace. She was called introduced, built it in the XVII century. Inside the church, the Museum of State State Study Museum works, and the President of Tatarstan with his family lives in the Governor Palace.

Tower Syuyumbike

This is the symbol of Kazan. The tower was named after the Tatar queen. As the legend says, Ivan the Terrible, who learned about the beauty of Syumubik, sent the messengers to Kazan with a proposal to become a beautiful girl to become the Moscow queen. But the messengers brought a refusal to proud beauty. The angry king captured Kazan. The girl was forced to agree to the proposal of Ivan the Terrible, but she put forward a condition: in seven days in the city there was a tower, who eclipsed all the existing minarets height.

Ivan Grozny performed the desire of the beloved. During the festive feast, Syumubik said that he wanted to take a native city with a view from the height of only the built tower. Climbing on the top platform, she rushed down.

Externally, this building is very similar to the Kremlin of Moscow. Unfortunately, accurate data on the time of creation of this attraction has not been preserved.

The tower consists of five tiers, which decrease in size. The last levels are octaransmunnels who crosses the tent in the form of an eight-grown truncated pyramid and a spire with a crescent. From the spire to the Earth, the height of the structure is 58 meters. In the last century there were three reconstructions here, because today the deviation from the spire vertical is 1.98 meters.

Tainitskaya Tower

Below the Syumubik is the Tainitsky entrance gates. This name was given in honor of the dungeon, which leads to the source. In the siege of the city, they used local residents. Previously, the tower was called Nur-Ali. Russian residents of the city called her Muralaev. She was blown up during the capture of the Kremlin. It was in this gate that Ivan IV went into the city.

The tower was restored, but the architectural finish was performed in the XVII century. Now at the top tier is a cafe "Muralaev Gate".

Kazan Kremlin: excursions, prices, operation mode

Guests of the city and locals, the excursion department of the Kremlin invites you to take a walk on the museum-nature reserve accompanied by professional employees. Excursions are held at Tatar, Russian, German, English, Turkish, Italian and French.

The entrance through the Spasskaya Tower is open daily. Through the Townitskaya Tower, the entrance to the Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) is also carried out. Opening hours: in summer - from 8:00 to 22:00, and in winter - until 18:00.

The cost of excursion for a group of six people is 1360 rubles. From the group more than six people - 210 rubles from an adult.

How to get?

Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan), whose address is Kremlin, 2, located on the left bank of the Volga. You can go here by buses No. 6, 29, 37, 47, trolley buses No. 4, 10, 1 and 18. Stop "Tsum", "ul. Bauman "or on the metro - Kremlin stop.

The main and most visited attraction of Kazan is undoubtedly, from January 1994, a museum-reserve has been operating on its territory, which is a unique object of culture. And although the Kremlin structures are samples of the development of the Russian period of the history of Kazan from the mid-16th century, nevertheless, the layout and urban-planning composition of the former Tatar fortress in general are preserved.

At the Kremlin territory, which occupies almost 150 thousand square meters, there are currently existing institutions of the statehood of Tatarstan, the most interesting museum expositions, architecture buildings of the 16-19 centuries, among which are especially allocated: Governor's palace and beautiful silhouette of a Muslim mosque Kul-Sharif, Monolith Blagoveshchensky Orthodox Cathedraland soaring up the mysterious tower Syumubika.

Kazan Kremlin, combining the styles of Russian and Tatar architecture, recognized at the global level. UNESCO World Heritage Committee in 2000 proclaimed him with his protected facility.

However, before you make a familiarization walk through the Kazan Kremlin, it is necessary to recreate the chronology of significant historical deposits of the city, which began here on the high Kremlin hill.

Brief history of the Kremlin

The territory of the Kremlin Hill, thanks to its advantageous location, began to settle for a long time, but as the city of Kazan appeared in this place as a result of the actions of the last Bulgarian Tsarevich, who were closer to the Volga from the city Skate-Kazan. And based on this high hill fortress at the end of the 14th century. Especially powerful development Kazan did not reach - it was too weak in political and militarily.

But in the first half of the 15th century, this Volga city chose for his residence former goldordin khan Ulu-Makhmet (Mohammed). It is when it, as a result of his military-political activity, Kazan becomes the main city of powerful Kazan Khanate - the center where trade, culture and Islamic religion developed. With it, the Kazan Kremlin is built and strengthened and strengthened, the Khansky Palace Ensemble, Mosque, Minarets and other town planning structures is being built.

Kazan-Capital of Kazan Khanate - picture

However, in parallel with the development of the Kazan Khanate, it was the growth and strengthening of the Moscow state and, naturally, friction was constantly between these two powerful state associations, which were most often racially. Died several times Ivan groznyj Hiking to Kazan, but only after the construction of the fortified fortress in Sviyazhsk, after a long siege and the use of gunpowder to undernger fortification fortifications, the Russian king was able to master the Tatar city. It happened in a memorable day October 2, 1552.

And here S. mid 16 veka The very different story of Kazan and the region begins. The conquered Muslim population was either exterminated, or evicted from the central part of the River Bulak. Muslim as the main religion of the edge for many centuries tried to completely destroy completely, the Tatar population was subjected to violent baptism, the mosque was destroyed. Optiffs of Christianity were erected everywhere - church and monastic structures. Even on small Kremlin lands, in commemoration of the long-awaited victory, three Orthodox structures were immediately built: Blagoveshchensky Temple, Spasskaya Church and Church of Cyprian and Ustinyi. Further four more churches are erected, and monastic fraternities are being created: Savior Transfiguration and Trinity-Sergievskoe.

The territory of the whole conquered edge is actively populated russian settlements. It was estimated by them, naturally, the Kazan Kremlin, the population of which included representatives of the military-serving class, clergy, officials of the highest administration and bureaucratic groups. By the end of the 16th century there were about hundreds of yards.

Thus, to the second half of the 16th century from Kazan - the center of once powerful Kazan Khanate has practically nothing preserved. The assault on the Muslim city on October 2, in 1552, Russian troops preceded by the siege and subsequent pogrom of the city led to the fact that the architectural monuments of the Muslim period of the 14th and 6th centuries in Kazan were almost completely exterminated. In addition, the Kremlin before taking the Russians of Kazan was wooden, which means that during the assault and as a result of subsequent destructive fires, even a few preserved building Muslim Kazan were irretrievably lost.

After taking Kazan, the main task of the Moscow government was strengthening the military-strategic Kazan fortress in cases of rebellion and retention in the obedience of conquered population. Since the fortress walls during the assault were destroyed, the first thing that was done by order of Ivan the Terrible is the restoration of a wooden fence, and after 3 years, parallel to the construction of stone Orthodox churches, Pskov masters began fromtrinity of white-stone walls from Volzhsky limestone. Moreover, the territory of the Kremlin was expanded towards the Spasskaya Tower by 120 meters east of its initial territory.

Massive, roughly shedding plates of this stone can be considered on the example of the lower tier of the Spasskaya Tower. But then only 600 meters of the wall was built from limestone, the rest were restored in a wooden form. Only in the 17th century, already from the red brick, the remaining 1150 meters of the fortress wall with the towers were erected, Okayating the Kremlin territory around the perimeter.

Kazan 16th century, as well as all strategically important vintage cities consisted of two parts: from the city itself (Fortresses, Kremlin, etc.) and Posada. Settlements located outside the fortress walls, but in turn, too, acquired by walls and fortified. The Kremlin, naturally, was an older and administratively significant settlement than Posad.

Over the centuries, the Kremlin structures have repeatedly burned, they were attacked from outside, which led to the loss of some buildings and the appearance of others. So, for example, as a result of the storming of the Kremlin Emelyan Pugachev In 1773, the Trinity Monastery was lost and several towers were thoroughly damaged, which subsequently had to disassemble.

The construction of new buildings on the Kremlin Earth is already in 18 century It was determined by his role of the administrative center of Russia. Ensemble appear Governor's palace, arrays of military buildings Junker School and Present seats, such buildings arise as spiritual consistory and bishop Palace.

October Revolution of 1917made indigenous changes in the history of the Kazan Kremlin - began the period of destroying religious structures. This fate touched almost all the Kremlin temples, and in the premises of the former consistory, the bishops and governor's palaces place the government and all sorts of ministries and departments of the new government. In the UNCERSKY school accommodated United Tatar-Bashkir Military School.

90s 20th century marked up with a new historical steep turn - begins The era of the revival of historical values. The fundamental restoration and restoration work begins in the surviving architectural monuments, the largest mosque in Europe is being built - Kul Sharif, interesting museum exhibitions and exposition are opened.

If you inspect the Kazan Kremlin in detail and with visiting museums, but in one visit to cover all its scale is simply unrealistic. But in order to get a general impression, especially if in advance at least a little familiar with the history of this not very large, but historically rich territory, enough 3-4 hours. In a study walk in the Kremlin, use our tourist recommendations and historical tips.

Family walk through the territory of the Kazan Kremlin

So, you offer to get acquainted with the Kazan Kremlin from Spasskaya Tower, the most important and elegant tower of the Kremlin. A small space in front of them - Square on May 1 - the oldest forum of the city, the main trade and public space from 15 to 19th century, the place of trade and communication between the Posadsky, Kremlin and the people.

Spasskaya Tower

On the square on May 1, there is one of the main entrances to the territory of the Kremlin - the Spasskaya Tower is perhaps one of the most interesting objects. As the main entrance tower, she was always adjusted for the needs of the era. Initially, it was a military bunk tower with a crankshaft, with a moat in front of her and a lifting bridge. Then, already the Parade Tower, from the chapel of Nicholas the Wonderworker in the main facade. In Soviet times, she was also an architectural expression of the era. And although the Square of May 1 eventually lost its historical importance over time, the Spasskaya Tower of the Kazan Kremlin remained a symbol and a "calling card" of the city.

Through the arched entrance under the Spasskaya Tower, we go to the only half-kilometer Kremlin street - passage I.Shikman, called the name in memory of the Slavevardeemen shot here in 1918 by the Chairman of the Kazan Council.

For a better understanding of the historical and architectural planning of the Kremlin territory, we propose to divide it into five thematic areas:

Each of these groups includes several architectural and historical attractions.

Savior Transfiguration Monastery

The ruins of one of the first established by Ivan the Terrible of Kazan monasteries established by Ivan the Terrible, which existed here until the end of the 20s of the 19th century, which existed here until the end of the 20s of the 19th century. Visiting this monastery, his description, like church of Cyprian and Ustignywhich was also present here in the 1927 Kazan Guide!

Transfiguration Cathedral

The authors of this guide tell about the fact that ordinary cyprian and Ustiny Church It was built not just at the order of Ivan the Terrible, but in all likelihood on his own funds. But the first wooden church died during a fire of the late 16th century and was replaced by stone, with precise preservation of the appearance and the size of the previous one.

Cyprian and Ustiny Church

Five-chapter Transfiguration Cathedral, The Main Cathedral of the Monastery was built in a stone form at the beginning of the 17th century and, they say, hit his architecture and beauty of contemporaries. But the authors of the 1927 guidebook were outraged, first of all, "the colossal unproductive waste of the country's material resources for religious needs." Each generation has its own attitude to historical monuments. But at one time, this monastery was the second in the edge, giving way to Assumption only in Sviyazsk.

The territory occupied by the Transfiguration Monastery was small - less than one hectare, and separated from the only Kremlin Street Street, and in the south and west Kremlin walls. This geographically small monastery is known for the names of the most prominent clergy of the left era. Here he accepted the first Archbishop of Kazan - St.Guri - Here it burned him. This burial gave the beginning of the formation of monasticism, which later acquired peaceful clergymen, outstanding representatives of merchants, professors and officials. It was also buried here Warzonofi - Founder of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. For a while in monastery brotherhood was Philaretwho later founded the Raif monastery.

Closer to the Spasskaya Tower - on the sidewalk, the color of the paving slaves is allocated the place where it was monastery bell tower. At first she was in a wooden form, then stood on one of the galleries of the Preobrazhensky Cathedral, already being stone. And from the late 19th century, high and beautiful, she, again rebuilt on the Barvarian church, instead of the dilapidated, proudly looked because of the walls of the Kremlin on the Ivanovo Square.

Bell Tower of Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery

In the very center of the former territory of the Savior-Preobrazhensky monastery, today you can see partially preserved saves of Preobrazhensky Cathedral, built at the end of the 17th century on the 16th century stone foundation. According to these archaeological residues, it is possible to judge the scale of the structure and the history of its structure and numerous restructuring. If the calbet is the era of the second half of the 16th century, the north and southern gallery is the result of the 18th century improvements. Galleries performed the functions of indoor corridors between the cathedral, the house of the rector and Nikolskaya church.

Saving Savior Transfiguration Cathedral

Preserved before the altar and "Cave" - a small stone deepening with a vault that served as a place to calm Kazan Wonderworkers At the end of the 16th century.

Practically adjoined to the Western Kremlin wall, is reconstructed church of Nikola Ratnaya (Wonderworker). Initially, it was a small temple with a large two-story white-refrain. As a result of numerous rebuildings, a M-shaped structure of the unifying temple, refectory and chambers of the abbot was obtained.

And in the northeast of the cathedral, near the fence of the monastery is preserved case of fraternal cellserected here in the second half of the 17th century, with a lowered 18 V. Three-storey treasury house.

At the end of the fence in color on the pavement marked the location of the Church of Cyprian and Ustiny, where she stood until the end of the 20s of the last century.

By walking the entire small territory of the Transfiguration Monastery, we return to the street I.Sikman. From two sides, we go to the horizon low stone 2-3 storey facilities. Left - along the train of Shakman - the body of the former Junker Schoolerected at the beginning of the 19th century on the site of the second old Kremlin Monastery of the Troice-Sergievsky previously located here. And in parallel, Junker School - on right - standing with a continuous monolith number of buildings Present seatsending with the former consistory.

Posted buildings

So, to the right of the Spasskaya Tower along the passage stretches the ranks of the administrative buildings of the complex, which has established since the end of the 18th century. The complex of the M-figured structure begins, pressed against the southeast corner of the fortress walls - this is the former guardhouse The Kazan garrison of the mid-19th century - a three-story brick ascetic in the design of a construction with large rectangular proofs and low roofs. In this building, the Soviet activists in the summer in 1918 were held in the summer of the White Guards. Among them was me.Shikman and M. Khitov, M. Mezhlauk and S. Gassar .... All they were shot from the Kremlin wall.

And before the construction of the Gaupvakta, from the mid-16th century there was a residence of "Greater Governor", the so-called Sovereign yard. "Big Voevoda" was the highest representative of the administration in the conquered Russian region. It enjoyed the most wide powers of both civilian and military, could execute or prevent, send punitive detachments against the rebels of Tatar villages. The governors kept keys and from the gate of the Spasskaya Tower. Sovereign yard 16-17 centuries was a big and spacious wooden structure. There were three prison buildings near him. All these facilities died as a result of one of the numerous Kremlin fires.

After the building, the Gauptvakta is worth the extended joint buildings of pretreatments(18-19 centuries). These two, partially three-storey facilities, having a basement, are a multiple building. Its oldest part is the building of the former consistory, built at the end of the 18th century on the project V.KoftyrevaBut in its appointment it adjoins the architectural ensemble of the Blagoveshchensky Temple.

Posted buildings

The consistory adjacent to the premises of the provincial office, which in the early 19th century became House of Kazan governorFor which additional rooms were attached. As a result, a very presentable two-storey building with 15 windows was formed. The lower floor was held by stationery and chambers of the governor's family. The second floor had a magnificent throne room with the choirs for the orchestra. It was there that there were ambitious balls for representatives of the Higher Russian and Tatar nobility. One of these balls was given in 1798 in connection with the arrival in Kazan Emperor Paul First.

The facade view of the building was well preserved by the courtyard, there can be admired by the preserved decor in the form of a rizalite, rusted pilaster, niches of window openings, decorated with decorative china with a variety of images at the top and bottom of the windows. All these decorations attached a certain representativeness of an administrative building, which also completed the halls for pretty places. The main facade of the pretty places is very strict in the design. Floors are horizontally emphasized by eaves. Almost all windows are decorated with rectangles of platbands, except for the unlikely edged windows of the former consistory and the Kazan governor's houses.

In Soviet times, the ensemble of the present seats was occupied by various ministries and departments, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tajikistan, etc. Now in the building is a major overhaul, and all the institutions found themselves another shelter.

Opposite the ensemble of the present seats, the ensemble of structures belonged to the former Junker school stretches, which includes the building of the School itself, the Manege and Cannger Court.

Ensemble of the Junker School

Manezh

Immediately after the Savior-Transfiguration Monastery, to the main building of the UNCERSK School, separately from it there is an architectural and historical landmark - the construction Manezh. This spacious construction is amazing in its design - it was used for construction training.

The main facade of the building is decorated by Rust, in which pilasters, blades and edging of arched windows are embedded. Now is here showroomwhich hosts various thematic events - exhibitions with excursion service, master class for children and adults, festive balls, film images, conferences and concerts.

Going to the inner yard of the Playa, we will fall on the extensive platform laid by decorative brick, on which the wonderful construction of modern architecture is - an amazing and magnificent white-blue Kul Sharif Mosque.

Kul Sharif Mosque

Erected at the end of the 20th century in memory of the Muslim Center of the Kazan Khanate, the mosque became the symbol of Kazan, his "calling card" and the true decoration of the Kremlin.

Mosque must admire outside, be sure to go inside to admire the architectural completion of this truly grand and monumental creation and, if possible, visit M uzery Islam. After examining the mosque, we go to the main building of the UNCERSK School, which has its own architectural and historical fate.

Junker school

At the very beginning of the 19th century In the Kazan Kremlin there is a barren room for cantonists - So called juvenile and minor boys of the lower army military ranks, as well as Polish, Jewish, Finnish and Gypsy children from poor families, forcibly closed almost from 8 years of age into recruits. Later, the cantonist barracks are restored and transmitted in 1866. New instituted Junker Military School.

Junker school

Two-storey premises The barracks are extended to the Soviet period by another floor. From pre-revolutionary times, the design of the three inputs of the main facade, decorated with canopies chebakasin Forgingwhere it is clearly visible in the drawing of various colors. Today in the former barracks, inside which the powerful staircase three hours based on brick arches are preserved, are wonderful modern museums. Here you can visit National Picture Gallery "Haziné"representing the picturesque canvas of the most famous Tatar artists (B. Mantha, H. Yakupov, I.Zipov, N. Pisha, etc.), exposition Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Museum of Natural Science and exhibition Hall "Hermitage".

Art Gallery

Choose any museum or thematic exhibition and stroll through the chairs and stairs of the currently active School of Jackstick.

Cannon

Coming out of the Museum Complex of the Old Juncture School, having passed a little further through the 17th century entry gates, we fall into Cannon. He was called a cannon, arsenal or artillery yard, and he was originally attached to the fortress western wall. Fully, he took shape here by the end of the 17th century, and at first was a simple P-shaped structure. Before joining Kazan, a military troops and a military arsenal were located in this place.

Cannon

The territory of the cannon court was the manufacturer, storage and repair of large weapons. The two-story main building, supplemented on two sides, the same single-storey hulls and decorated at the corners of the towers, had a travel gate, preserved to this day through which we and I entered. On the territory of the yard, you can see partially preserved Southern Corpuscontaining archaeological residues of industrial premises.

South Canopy Corpus

In 1812, the rushing yard was reconstructed. On the western side, then a new Blacksmith housingBut then all the structures of the cannon court were strongly injured from the fire of 1815, after which the repair and production of weapons ceased. Further, the fate of the gun yard worked closely with the opened military school, for which the architect Schmidt conducted a number of restoration work and since 1866 all these renovated premises were busy Junker school.

Now, on the recreated territory of the cannon court work museum Exhibitions Military weapons of various historical eras, and in the recovered blacksmith building you can buy various works of folk craftsmen from leather, metal, wood, and so on, as well as drink fragrant tea with Tatar national sweets. If you want to eat more thoroughly, you can go to cafe "Women's Court"And then, having rested, move again through the territory of the Kazan Kremlin, opening up new of his amazing pages.

Going through the same arched travel gates, you will find yourself opposite the small squarewhere we offer you to go. This is a compact landscaped green oasis among the Kremlin's stone structures, in the middle of which is symbolic monument "Zodkim Kazan Kremlin", summarizing the memory of Russian and Tatar builders who worked at the Kremlin territory in his images.

Monument "Zodkim Kazan Kremlin"

This junction is the binding center of the architectural and historical ensemble of the Blagoveshchensky Temple, which can be included: the former bishop palace, a miracle of the surviving architectural monument of the 16th century - an Annunciation of the Cathedral and a former consideration. We will get acquainted with them in order.

An Unsemble of the Blagoveshchensky Cathedral

Consistory

From the south, the territory of the ensemble of the Blagoveshchensky Cathedral is delineated by the former spiritual consistory, which is tightly adjacent to one of the towers of the Kazan Kremlin - Consistorskaya. The two-story consistory was built here in the 18th century. Previously, these lands belonged to the bishops.

The formation of the building continued in different periods. The consistory finishes the line of the ensemble of the present places. Window platforms of the main facade are decorated under the style of the Russian patterned architecture and attach an elegant look.

Bishop Palace

From the south-east of the Annunciation Cathedral, the palace of the architecture of 1829 is clearly visible. He was designed to the church chapter of the entire Kazan district. In the 16th century in this place stood hope of St. Guriya, then, from the 17th century, the Palace-Residence Palace was located here. Time and fires destroyed the building of the 17th century, and a new brick palace facility was rebuilt - a two-storey, covered with a complex holm roof. Erected in the classic style in the eastern facade it had three rizalitite protrusions, in the central of them was house Church of St.Guri.

Bishop Palace

In the middle of the 20th century, in Soviet times, a completed third floor was made, which strongly modified the former bishop palace. The loss of the attic of the central facade and the disappearance of the tent completion of the central protrusion on the Eastern facade turned the construction in an unpretentious three-story building. Today, as a result of the restoration works of the Palace in 2010-13, he returned the initial appearance of the era of late classicism.

Restoration work of the bishop palace

Now there is placed office of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Be sure to go around the palace around, from the rear side you will see rizazalits, the central of which is the former houses of St. Guri. In addition, bypassing the building, you will get to a wonderful viewing area, from where beautiful views of the Kremlin Embankment and the Palace of Agriculture, restored monasteries and churches, on the far-spreading perspective of the opposite shore of the Kazanov with the ferris wheel, bowl and other construction facilities.

Overview from the observation deck

For those who want to consider the telescope is installed more and more detail on the site.

Blagoveshchensky cathedral

After reviewing the building of the Bishops' Palace and examining the consistory, you can more detail and closely familiarize yourself with the wonderful building of the 16th century - the Annunciation Cathedral.

Former Cathedral, built by Pskov's masters, has undergone many architectural rearrangements, survived the times of wars and revolutions, the miracle was not destroyed, and then completely restored. Today, he is a decent decoration of the Kazan Kremlin, the operating Orthodox Cathedral and an open-to-visit historical and architectural monument.

From the side of the square is clearly visible st. Guria's Chapelwhose relics are now stored in the temple. Walking around the cathedral from the southern part of it, boldly rise to the porch and go to the temple itself, inspect his decoration, recreated wall painting, the iconostasis, his Western and Eastern attacks dedicated to one - Boris and Gleb and the other - Peter and Fevronia.

Coming out of the Annunciation Temple, delay on his porch and again admire the beautiful structure of a cannonian courtyard, towering to the north of the Syumubik's red-winged tower and an excellent governor's palace, which is behind the beautiful closed gate.

After the visual inspection of new objects, let's go down with the porch and go to get acquainted with the last architectural ensemble located on the very north of the Kazan Kremlin - the governor's palace, which with the Syumbik tower and the introduction of the Church constitutes a harmonious complex.

Description of the ensemble of the Governor's Palace

Governor's palace

In the crucial in the mid-16th century, Kazan Khanate, before the joining of Kazan to the Russian state, these northern lands occupied khansky Dvorwhere the Khansky Palace, Mosques, Minarets, Mausoleums with the burials of Kazan Khanov, many government and economic structures. All these, divided into sectors, medieval buildings were well fortified, are partially stone walls, partially wooden. Foundations of mosques and palaces were also built of stone. Archaeological excavations of this complex called Khan-JamiThey allowed us to find out a number of interesting facts and find the burial of the famous khans of Kazan.

After the assault on 1552, almost all the facilities of the Khan Palace were strongly injured, but the palace himself was not completely destroyed, he existed until 1807, it was possible in Russian chronicles as the "old sovereign yard". Next to him at one time there was a house of Ober-Commedant. Then, by the middle of the 19th century, the mansion was built instead military Governor Kazan.

Designed the building of the most famous Russian architect K.Ton.Famous famous Moscow facilities as the Big Kremlin Palace and the Church of Christ the Savior. Interiors inside the palace were issued by the Kazan architect M.Karinfsky.

Two-storied Governor's palace(The height of about 30 meters) was built in the style of Russian classicism, with a simple symmetric layout, the use of Rusta and the membership of the Corinth Orders. But in the design of the facade of the palace, elements of Baroque, Muslim and Old Russian architecture were added, which gave the building an eclectic look.

The center of the building - Rizalit (protrusion) decorated with a fronton of three Cilent Arches. The arches also decorated window and doorways. The view from the governor's palace is solemnly respectable. The solemnity and solidity of the building adds beautifully decorated provvortsaya Squarewith fountain and flower beds and openwork gatesThrough which we can admire the residence of the current RT President.

Gate of the governor's palace

The governor's palace existed in his status until the October Revolution, and it was in his halls that the Soviet power was proclaimed in the region. And then during the long-term Soviet temporary period, the building of the former governor's palace was engaged in the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers of the Tassr.

Having admired the palace and encroaching the governor's gate to the left, we approach the mysterious, sheedy legends of the sights - Syumubik Tower.

Tower Syuyumbike

This architectural structure, which has become a symbol and a "calling card" of the city, is still disputes and various judgments about the time, authorship and appointment. But the legends about it are folded more than any other object of the Kremlin! Semistry "Falling" Red Ricric Tower Without Special Architectural Issues, whose name is connected in some strange way named the last Tatar queen, invariably attracts close attention to all tourists.

Tower Syuyumbike

On the left near the Syunibic Tower you can see the canned archaeological excavations that have revealed in this place burial of some Kazan Khanovwhich were reburied in a specially created Mausolema. You can see a portion of the mausoleum through the observation glass dome. Further, on the right in the course of the movement in front of us, the introduced church appears, compositely connected to the governor's palace.

Insertion church

It is believed that this church is built on the remaining foundation tatar Mural Mosque Period of Kazan Khanate. However, this is also controversial judgments. The temple construction time is considered to belong to the 17th century, although deep durable foundation dates back to the 16th century. It may have been built in the 17th century, but as a result of repeated fires was rebuilt during recovery.

Now the church is a bunk, previously five-chapted, and now one-eyed temple (height is about 30 meters). It is surprised by its architectural similarity of the step of construction with the lower tier of the Syumubik Tower, which is also equipped with a wide hulbish. This is another uncooked mystery of the Kazan Kremlin.

During the functioning of the Governor's Palace, the Church played the role of the house for the Governor's family and at the same time parish for servants and the protection of the palace. The church served one clergyman who lived directly in the palace. At the beginning of the 18th century, the church was in their intended military And called now Church in the name of the introduction of the Most Holy Mother of God under the Kazan battalion. Later, it was used as the regimental church of the Sviyazh garrison.

The church was eagerly buried, after fires restored, sometimes with a very big break. For example, after a terrible fire of 1815, a warehouse of porch was in the burnt seamless dilapidated building of the Church. By order military Minister M.B. Barclay de TollyThe destroyed part of the Church was dismantled, and all of the values \u200b\u200bwere given to the construction of the building with pupils of the military-orphan branch of the cantonists. The functions of the military moved to the Spasskaya Church.

The temple was put in order only by the middle of the 19th century, and at personal disposal Nikolai firstwho was in Kazan and saw his deplorable state. Restored Church Architect F.Petondi, I largely changed the view and layout of the building, but preserved the schematic and stylistics of the previous structure. The Gallery of the two floors were closed, the main entrance was transferred to the west side, the interiors are decorated in the style of classicism with elements of Baroque, which are traced in lush corner capitals, elegant window plates, etc.

The revived temple was consecrated as country of the Saint Spirit. On the lower floor there is a visit to Nikolai Wonderworker, and the icon for this came to be donated to the temple as descans poet E. Bratynskyliving in Kazan. The second floor was equipped with the chapel of St. Martyr Alexandra. The covered gallery connected the temple with the governor's palace.

1918 did not become an exception for the temple - like all other church structures, he was closed and looted. In Soviet times there was a dining room for employees of numerous ministries and departments inhabited in the Kremlin territory. Now the building of the temple is renovated and in it is located Museum of Tatar Statehoodwhich we also recommend you to visit. But, before climbing on a wide porch into the introduction of the Church, look into the courtyard between the Syumbik Tower and the Temple, you can look at the canned archaeological studies of 1977That discovered the remnants of the cult complex of the Tatar period: part of the wall, the foundation of the mosque, the slabs of the tombstones.

After examining the building of the introduced church and the museums located in it, we recommend descending to the northernmost travel tower of the Kazan Kremlin, built by Pskov masters in the 16th century - Tainitskaya, and, going through it, bypassing the fortress walls on the left of the Kremlin Hill. During this walk, you can admire the panorama of the city and carefully examine the unique monuments of medieval defensive architecture - walls and towers of the Kremlin.

Walls and towers of the Kazan Kremlin

Kazan Kremlin was created as Deonted construction And, of course, was surrounded by strong walls with braces, sentigious and combat towers, some of which were travel. In the times of Kazan Khanate and earlier the walls were mostly wooden. After taking Kazan, the strategic importance of the walls remained very important and therefore they were restored in the first place. First, like wooden fortifications, but soon began to rebuild in a stone form from white limestone, and in the 17th century already from the red brick.

The width of the walls of about 6 m., The height ranges from 8 to 12, and the total length is 1800 m. Special niches were arranged for storing ammunition, which could be observed when walking along the inner territory. Tower structures first were thirteen. Among them were round, travel, and even one five-marched. But some of them were destroyed in various centuries and for various reasons - their canned bases can be seen today. So before us

Tainitskaya Tower

The Tainytskaya Tower as a sentier-driving tower was equipped with a gate, lattices and had a crankshaft passing through which the breath of the Middle Ages, emanating from the White Volzhsky limestone. And here we go to the left onto the track going on the top ridge of the Kremlin Hill.

Next we will see Northwest TowerRather, only its foundation. But the next - round Unnamed brick tower, built in the 17th century survived to this day. Behind the wall adjacent to the tower are visible to the tops of grasshuscular enclosures of the cannon. Further, we again, only the foundation of the tower - once there was a five-marched tower, built in the 16th century with Pskov masters.

A little further - the quadrangular travel tower - Preobrazhenskaya. The inner side was adjacent to the Transfiguration Monastery. It was built by Pskov masters in the 16th century, but later repeatedly rebuilt. In the distant times of prosperity of the Kazan Khanty, the Kremlin territory here and ended, and then the stretching walls are already going on increased Russian territory.

Reached the next round tower called Southwest And which was built together with the Spasskaya Tower, we admire the preserved model of the medieval Pskov defensive structure. And finally, turn to the Spasskaya Tower already familiar to us, a little bit of which is located a similar south-western round Southeastern tower.

This description of the territory of the Kazan Kremlin can be considered complete, but we are confident that you will return to once again to feel the connection of times, admire the surprisingly organic and excellent monuments of the Kazan Kremlin architecture, visit interesting exhibitions and museums, and just take a walk on already familiar and loved places.

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01. Basic entrance and entry into the Kremlin - Spasskaya Tower.

Since 2000, Kazan Kremlin has been included in UNESCO World Heritage List. Built in the XVI-XIX centuries, the Kremlin ensemble absorbed a variety of and unique buildings, annually attracting thousands of tourists from around the world. No trip to Kazan do without visiting this place. Over the past 20 years, the Kremlin has undergone serious restoration and now looks very elegant.

02. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the "Great Patriotic War", the exposition "Eternal Man" is arranged. In general, various cultural events and exhibitions are regularly held in the Kremlin.

Years of construction of the constructions of the Kazan Kremlin:
Spasskaya Tower - 2 Paul. XVI century
Blagoveshchensky Cathedral - 1561-62
Bratsky Corps - 1670
Woman courtyard (South and Northern Corps - XVII, East Corps - XVIII century)
SYUMBIC Tower - XVIII century
Gubernatorial Palace - 1840s
Kazan Military School - 1840s
Mosque Kul Sharif - 1996-2005

03. Savior-Preobrazhensky Monastery and Spasskaya Tower.

04. Bratsky Corps of the Transfiguration Monastery.

05. Mosque Kul-Sharif.

Kul-Sharif Mosque - the youngest of the Kremlin buildings. It was built in 1996-2005 and opened in the year of the Millennium Kazan Millennium, having adopted the status of the Cathedral of the Al-Martzhani Mosque. His name Kul-Sharif Mosh was obtained by the very last Imam of the Mother Mosque of the capital of the Kazan Khanate, destroyed during the assault of Kazan by the troops of Ivan Grozny in 1552. It is worth paying tribute to the architects of Kul Sharif: the mosque fell in harmoniously in the Kremlin ensemble and became another symbol of the city.

06. In the foreground, the building of the fire unit, stylistically associated with a mosque.

07. The Kremlin is located on a high hill and at the time was considered impregnable.

08. Stone walls are built already under Ivan Grozny. After the construction of the White Kremlin, there were 13 towers in it, of which only 8 were preserved.

09. From the boysnitz offers a beautiful view of the Ice, where Russian Championships in figure skating were held, won their first gold medals of the National Championship, and in 2013, players in table tennis competed. In the fall of 2016, Sport Saraj will adopt the World Mixed Team Championships.

It is worth saying about a very unpleasant moment. The entrance to the viewing platform of the Preobrazhensky Tower is paid, 50 rubles. If there were many wishing, or some stunning appearance was opened, it could somehow understand. But the Kremlin and so subsidy, and there is a lot of commercial activities, and at the same time take a fee in fact for the air incorrectly. A big question is how legal about such activities (tickets, cash registers, etc.) or this is another self-made variation, as in the center of the Kazan family.

On a high hill, on the left bank of the Kazan River, the symbol and the main attraction of Kazan, her heart and soul - the Kazan Kremlin, which is the historical and architectural and archaeological monument. During the capture of the city in 1551, many facilities and walls of the Kazan Kremlin were destroyed, so new ones were erected in their place. Today, in its territory, the centuries were mixed on its territory: in the neighborhood of the 10th century, the 20th century buildings were located. Since 2000, the entire ensemble is under the protection of UNESCO. The Square of the Kazan Kremlin is 150 thousand m. 2, and the total length of the walls whose width is about 3 m., Is more than 2 km. The height of the walls of the Kazan Kremlin exceeds 6 m. A distinctive feature of the Kremlin is a unique combination of cultural and historical monuments of Orthodox and Muslim religions.

Blagoveshchensky Cathedral of the Kazan Kremlin.

The real pearl complex is considered the existing (since 2005) an Annunciation Cathedral, built by Pskov masters in the middle of the XVI century. During the existence, the temple was repeatedly rebuilt and reconstructed. Unfortunately, in 1922, the bell tower was irretrievably lost. At the same time, many values \u200b\u200bstored in the temple (icons, manuscripts, agribusted books, gold sewing) disappeared without a trace. Some exhibits were preserved by the efforts of art historian P. Dulsky and Professor I. Standonov. Today, saved rarities are included in the collection of the Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Towers of the Kazan Kremlin.

Kazan Kremlin is famous for its watchdogs. Immediately 13 towers were erected, of which only eight were preserved at the moment. Tainitskaya and Spasskaya Towers are the most famous, which are simultaneously gates. They were built in the XVI century.

Spasskaya Tower of the Kazan Kremlin.

Adjacent to the church of the Savior of the Savior, the Spasskaya Tower of the Kazan Kremlin was burning several times, she was restored, and after two centuries, her appearance completed the clock installed on it.

Townitskaya Tower of the Kazan Kremlin.

The Townitskaya Tower received its name thanks to the secret go, leading to a source with spring water. Unfortunately, it is not preserved until our time.

Tower of Syumubika Kazan Kremlin.

Visitors are attracted by the sentry tower of Syumubik, built at the junction of the XVII and XVIII centuries. It can be called the Kazan "Pisan Tower". The deviation of the vertical structure is about 2 m. Thanks to the restoration work and strengthening the foundation, its fall is discontinued.

Mausoleum Kazan Khanov.

It is impossible to bypass the mausoleum of Kazan Khans, located near Syubik. It was opened when the sewer work was completely accidental. This is the last refuge of the two Kazan Khans. Mausoleum covered with a glass dome to provide access to it in any weather.

Mosque of the Kazan Kremlin.

In honor of the celebration of the Millennium of Kazan, the Kul Sharif Mosque, causing admiration for his grandeur and unique beauty, was erected. In the evening, thanks to the spectacular backlight, everything acquires an unforgettable look. The construction of the mosque is not far from Orthodox churches symbolizes the Commonwealth of two religions.

Governor's palace, built in the XIX century, attracts tourists with its architecture. Today it serves as a representative office of the head of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Museums of the Kazan Kremlin.

There are several museums in the Kazan Kremlin:

• Museum of the history of the Tatar people and RT, located in the introduced church.
• Complex "Funny Yard".
• UNCER school, with the department of "Hermitage", Museum of the Warm, an art exhibition and a museum of natural history.
• The Museum of Culture Islam, which is located on the zero floor of the mosque.

Savior Transfiguration Monastery.

The complex of the Kazan Kremlin also includes the Savior Transfiguration Monastery, founded in 1556. In the first years of Soviet power, most of its buildings were blown up. Nowadays, restoration and restoration work is carried out.