Aina history. Genocide Ainov - Christian Archors and Northern Islands

The Aina, the mysterious people, in the origin of which still many mysteries still lived here. Aina was adjacent to the Japanese for some time until the latter could not displace them to the north.

The fact that Aina are ancient owners of the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, show written sources and numerous names of geographic objects, the origin of which is associated with the Language of Ainov. And even the symbol of Japan - the Great Mount Fujiyama - has in its name the Ayn word "Fuji", which means the "Deity of the Focal". According to scientists, Ains settled the Japanese Islands about 13,000 years before our era and formed the Neolithic culture of Jemon there.

Ains were not engaged in agriculture, they mined food to hunting, collecting and fishing. They lived in small settlements, quite removed from each other. Therefore, the area of \u200b\u200btheir accommodation was quite extensive: Japanese Islands, Sakhalin, Primorye, Kuril Islands and South Kamchatka. At about 3 millennia BC, the Mongoloid tribes came to the Japanese islands, which later became the ancestors of the Japanese. New settlers brought with them the culture of rice, which allowed to feed themselves to a large number of people in a relatively small territory. Thus began difficult times in the life of Ainov. They were forced to move north, leaving colonizers their original land.

But Aina were skillful warriors, perfectly by owned onions and a sword, and the Japanese could not defeat them for a long time. For a very long time, almost 1500 years. Aina was able to be controlled with two swords, and on the right thigh they wore two daggers. One of them (Cheiki-Makiri) served as a knife for ritual suicide - Harakiri. The Japanese were able to defeat the Ain only after the invention of the guns, having had time to take a lot of them in part of military art at this point. Code of honor of samurai, the ability to own two swords and mentioned Ritual Harakiri - these seemingly characteristic attributes of Japanese culture were actually borrowed from Ainov.

Scientists argue about the origin of Ainov. But the fact that this people is not related to other indigenous peoples of the Far East and Siberia, already proven fact. The characteristic feature of their appearance is very thick hair and beard in men, which is deprived of representatives of the Mongoloid race. For a long time it was believed that they can have common roots with the peoples of Indonesia and the Aboriginals of the Pacific Ocean, since they have similar features. But genetic studies were excluded and this option. And those who arrived on the island of Sakhalin, the first Russian Cossacks even accepted Ain for the Russians, so they were not like Siberian tribes, and resemble Europeans rather. The only group of people from all the analyzed options, with whom they have a genetic relationship, were the people of the Jemon era, which are allegedly and were Ainov's ancestors. Aynsky is also very embarrassed from the modern linguistic picture of the world, and he has not yet found a suitable place. It turns out that during the long-term isolation Aina lost contact with all other people's peoples, and some researchers even allocate them into a special amine race.

Today, Ainov left very little, about 25,000 people. They live mainly in the north of Japan and are almost completely assimilated by the population of this country.

Aina in Russia

For the first time, Kamchatka Ain was in contact with Russian merchants at the end of the XVII century. Relations with Amur and Seversaluril Aina were established in the XVIII century. Ain believed Russians, distinguished by the race from their Japanese enemies, friends, and by the middle of the XVIII century more than one and a half thousand Ainov adopted Russian citizenship. Even the Japanese could not distinguish Ain from the Russians because of their external similarity (white leather and the Australoid features of the face, which in some row are similar to the European). When the Japanese first came into contact with the Russians, they called them Red Aina (Ainu with blond hair). Only at the beginning of the XIX century, the Japanese understood that Russians and Ain were two different people. Nevertheless, for Russian Ain, they were "hairy", "dark-eyed", "dark-eyed" and "dark-haired". The first Russian researchers described Ain like Russian peasants with dark skin or more like Gypsies.

Ain was on the side of the Russians during the Russian-Japanese wars of the XIX century. However, after the defeat in the Russian-Japanese war of 1905, the Russians threw them on the mercy of fate. Hundreds of Ain were destroyed and their families were rapidly sent to the Japanese Hokkaido. As a result, Russian failed to win the Ain during the Second World War. Only a few Ain representatives decided to stay in Russia after the war. More than 90% went to Japan.

Under the terms of the St. Petersburg Treaty of 1875, Kuriles moved Japan, along with Ain living on them. 83 Seversaluril Ain on September 18, 1877 arrived in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, deciding to remain under the direction of Russia. They refused to move on to the reservation of the Commander Islands, as the Russian government offered them. After that, since March 1881, for four months they traveled to the village of Javino, where they were later settled. Later, the village of Golygino was founded. Another 9 Ainov arrived from Japan in 1884. The census of 1897 indicates 57 people of the Goligino population (all - Ain) and 39 people in Javino (33 Ain and 6 Russians). The Soviet government was destroyed by the Soviet government, and the inhabitants were resettled in Zaporozhe Ust-Bolsherenetsky district. As a result, three ethnic groups were assimilated with Kamchardala.

Seversocuril Ain at the moment is the largest subgroup of Ain in Russia. Nakamura family (South Road on the Father's Line) is the smallest and consists of only 6 people living in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. On Sakhalin there are several those who define themselves as Ain, but much more Ain is not recognized as such. Most of the 888 Japanese residents in Russia (2010 census) have an axine origin, although they do not recognize it (the purebred Japanese is allowed to enter Japan without a visa). Similar situation with Amur Ayna living in Khabarovsk. And it is believed that no one left from Kamchatka Ain alive.

In 1979, the USSR deduces the ethnonym "Ain" from the list of "living" ethnic groups of Russia, thereby proclaiming that this people are extinct in the USSR. Judging by the 2002 census, no one entered the ethnonym "Ain" in the fields 7 or 9.2 forms to 1 census

There are such information that the most direct genetic bonds on the Male Aina line have, oddly enough, with Tibetans - half of them are carriers of a close haplogroup D1 (the very same group D2 is practically not found outside the Japanese archipelago) and the nations of Miao-Yao in the south of China and in indochite. As for the female (MT-DNA) of the haplogroup, the Ainov dominates the group from the other peoples of East Asia, but in small quantities.

sources

Everyone knows that Americans are not the indigenous population of the United States, just like the current population of South America. Do you know that the Japanese are not the indigenous population of Japan? Who then lived on these islands to them? ...
Japanese are not indigenous people of Japan

The Aina, the mysterious people, in the origin of which still many mysteries still lived here. Aina was adjacent to the Japanese for some time until the latter could not displace them to the north. That Aina is ancient owners Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands, show written sources and numerous names of geographic objects, the origin of which is associated with the Language of Ainov. And even the symbol of Japan - the Great Mount of Fujiima - has in its name the Ayn word "Fuji", which means "the deity of the hearth". According to scientists, Ains settled the Japanese islands about 13,000 years old BC and formed a nonolithic culture of Jemon there.

Ainov's resettlement at the end of the XIX century

Ains were not engaged in agriculture, they mined food to hunting, collecting and fishing. They lived in small settlements sufficiently removed from each other. Therefore, the area of \u200b\u200btheir accommodation was quite extensive: Japanese Islands, Sakhalin, Primorye, Kuril Islands and South Kamchatka.

Around 3 millennia BC, the Mongoloid tribes who have arrived at the Japanese islands arrived later ancestors of the Japanese. New settlers brought with them the culture of rice, which allowed to feed themselves to a large number of people in a relatively small territory. So there were heavy times in the life of Ainov. They were forced to move north, leaving colonizers their original land.

But Aina were skillful warriors, perfectly by owned onions and a sword, and the Japanese could not defeat them for a long time. For a very long time, almost 1500 years. Aina was able to be controlled with two swords, and on the right thigh they wore two daggers. One of them (Cheiki-Makiri) served as a knife for ritual suicide - Harakiri.

The Japanese were able to defeat Ainov only after the invention of guns, having been having time for this point, they have a lot to be taken in part of military art. Codex chest Samurai, the ability to own two swords and mentioned Ritual Harakiri - these seemingly characteristic attributes of Japanese culture were actually borrowed from Ainov.

About the origin of the Ainov scientists argue so far

But the fact that this people is not related to other indigenous peoples of the Far East and Siberia, already proven fact. The characteristic feature of their appearance is very dense hair and beard In men, which is deprived of representatives of the Mongoloid race. For a long time it was believed that they can have common roots with the peoples of Indonesia and the Aboriginals of the Pacific Ocean, since they have similar features. But genetic studies were excluded and this option.

And those who arrived on the island of Sakhalin the first Russian Cossacks even accepted Ain for Russian, so they were not like Siberian tribes, and reminded rather europeans. The only group of people from all the analyzed options, with whom they have a genetic relationship, were the people of the Jemon era, which are allegedly and were Ainov's ancestors. Aynsky is also very embarrassed from the modern linguistic picture of the world, and he has not yet found a suitable place. It turns out that during the long-term isolation Aina lost contact with all other people's peoples, and some researchers even allocate them into a special amine race.

Aina in Russia

For the first time, Kamchatka Ain was in contact with Russian merchants at the end of the XVII century. Relations with Amur and Seversaluril Aina were established in the XVIII century. Ain believed Russians, distinguished by the race from their Japanese enemies, friends, and by the middle of the XVIII century more than one and a half thousand Ainov adopted Russian citizenship. Even the Japanese could not distinguish Ain from the Russians because of their external similarity(White leather and Australoid features of the face, which in some row traits are similar to the European). Composed under the Russian Empress Catherine II "spatial earth farming of the Russian state", included The Russian Empire is not only all the Kuril Islands, but also Hokkaido Island.

The reason - the ethnic Japanese at that time did not even populate it. The indigenous population is Aina - according to the results of the expedition of the Antipina and Shabalin were recorded by Russian subjects.

With the Japanese Aina fought not only in the south of Hokkaido, but also in the northern part of Honshu Island. The Kuril Islands themselves were investigated and laid in the XVII century. So that Russia may require Japanese Hokkaido.

The fact of the Russian citizenship of Hokkaido residents was noted in the letter of Alexander I to the Japanese Emperor in 1803. Moreover, this did not cause any objections from the Japanese side and the more official protest. Hokkaido for Tokyo was an ingenic territory like Korea. When the first Japanese arrived on the island in 1786, they came to meet aina, wearing Russian names and surnames. And moreover - the Christians of Orthodox! The first claims of Japan on Sakhalin are dated only in 1845. Then the emperor Nicholas I immediately gave diplomatic rebuff. Only a weakening of Russia in the following decades led to the occupation of the southern part of Sakhalin by the Japanese.

Interestingly, the Bolsheviks in 1925 condemned the former government who gave Japan Russian lands.

So in 1945, historical justice was only restored. The Army and the Fleet of the USSR by force decided the Russian-Japanese territorial question. Khrushchev in 1956 signed a joint declaration of the USSR and Japan, article 9 of which he read:

"The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, going towards the wishes of Japan and taking into account the interests of the Japanese state, agrees to the transfer of Japan of the Islands of the Habomai and Islands of Sycotan in order, however, that the actual transmission of these Islands of Japan will be made after the conclusion of a peace treaty between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Japan" .

The goal of Khrushchev was the demilitarization of Japan. He was ready to sacrifice a pair of small islands in order to remove the American military bases from the Soviet Far East. Now, obviously, the demilitarization is no longer coming. Washington clung to his "unspecified aircraft carrier" dead grip. Moreover, Tokyo's dependence from the United States even intensified after the accident at Fukushim NPPs. Well, just so, then the galleces of the islands as the "gesture of goodwill" loses its appeal. It is reasonably not followed by the Khrushchev Declaration, but to put forward symmetrical claims, based on well-known historical facts. Shun away with ancient scrolls and manuscripts, which is normal practice in such affairs.

The persistent requirement to give Hokkaido would be a cold shower for Tokyo.It would have to argue in the negotiations no longer about Sakhalin or not even a smoke, but about their own current territory. I would have to defend, justify, prove your right. Russia from diplomatic defense would move in this way in the offensive. Moreover, China's military activity, nuclear ambitions and readiness for military actions of the DPRK and other security problems in the Asia-Pacific region will give an extra reason for the signing of the Peace Treaty Japan with Russia.

But back to Ainam

When the Japanese first come in contact with the Russians, they called them Red Ain. (Aina with blond hair). Only at the beginning of the XIX century, the Japanese understood that Russians and Ain were two different people. Nevertheless, for Russian Ain, they were "hairy", "dark-eyed", "dark-eyed" and "dark-haired". The first Russian researchers described the Ain similar to russian peasants with dark skin or more like Gypsies.

Ain was on the side of the Russians during the Russian-Japanese wars of the XIX century. However, after the defeat in the Russian-Japanese war of 1905, the Russians threw them on the mercy of fate. Hundreds of Ain were destroyed and their families were rapidly sent to the Japanese Hokkaido. As a result, Russian failed to win the Ain during the Second World War. Only a few Ain representatives decided to stay in Russia after the war. More than 90% went to Japan.

Under the terms of the St. Petersburg Treaty of 1875, Kuriles moved Japan, along with Ain living on them. 83 Seversaluril Ain on September 18, 1877 arrived in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, deciding to remain under the direction of Russia. They refused to move on to the reservation of the Commander Islands, as the Russian government offered them. After that, since March 1881, for four months they traveled to the village of Javino, where they were later settled.

Later, the village of Golygino was founded. Another 9 Ainov arrived from Japan in 1884. The census of 1897 indicates 57 people of the Goligino population (all - Ain) and 39 people in Javino (33 Ain and 6 Russians). The Soviet government was destroyed by the Soviet government, and the inhabitants were resettled in Zaporozhe Ust-Bolsherenetsky district. As a result, three ethnic groups were assimilated with Kamchardala.

Seversocuril Ain at the moment is the largest subgroup of Ain in Russia. Nakamura family (South Road on the Father's Line) is the smallest and consists of only 6 people living in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. On Sakhalin there are several those who define themselves as Ain, but much more Ain is not recognized as such.

Most of the 888 Japanese residents in Russia (2010 census) have an axine origin, although they do not recognize it (the purebred Japanese is allowed to enter Japan without a visa). Similar situation with Amur Ayna living in Khabarovsk. And it is believed that no one left from Kamchatka Ain alive.

Epilogue

In 1979, the USSR deduces the ethnonym "Ain" from the list of "living" ethnic groups of Russia, thereby proclaiming that this people are extinct in the USSR. Judging by the 2002 census, no one entered the ethnonym "Ain" in the fields 7 or 9.2 of the form of the C-1 of the census. There are such information that the most direct genetic bonds on the Male Aina line have, oddly enough, with Tibetans - half of them are carriers of a close haplogroup D1 (the very same group D2 is practically not found outside the Japanese archipelago) and the nations of Miao-Yao in the south of China and in indochite.

As for the female (MT-DNA) of the haplogroup, the Ainov dominates the group from the other peoples of East Asia, but in small quantities. During the 2010 census, about 100 people tried to register themselves as Aina, but the Government of the Kamchatka Territory rejected their claims and recorded them as Kamchadal.

In 2011, the head of the Aynian community of Kamchatka Alexey Vladimirovich Nakamura sent a letter to the governor of Kamchatka Vladimir Ilyukhin and the chairman of the local Duma Boris Nevzorov With a request to include Ainov to the list of indigenous small peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation. The request was also rejected. Alexey Nakamura reports that in 2012 205 Ainov marked in Russia (compare with 12 people noted in 2008), and they, like Kuril Kamchadala, are fighting for official recognition. Ayn language extinct many decades ago.

In 1979, only three people on Sakhalin could speak to Ainski, and there is a completely fatal language by the 1980s. Although Caidzo Nakamura I spoke forward on Sakhalin-Ainsky and even translated several documents into Russian for the NKVD, he did not pass his son his son. Take Asai.The latter who knew the Sakhalin Ayn language died in Japan in 1994.

While Ain is not recognized, they are noted as people without nationality, as ethnic Russian or Kamchadala. Therefore, in 2016, and Kuril Ain, and the Kuril Kamchadals are deprived of their rights to hunt and fishing, which has small peoples of the Far North.

Aina Amazing

Today, Ainov left very little, about 25,000 people. They live mainly in the north of Japan and are almost completely assimilated by the population of this country.

Aina - the indigenous people of Japan. Unknown history

Music from antiquity. Aina - old photos and songs

Nikolay Levashov about the Kuril Islands and Japan

Aina, who once inhabited by the extensive territory of southern Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, the southern tip of Kamchatka and modern Japan and preserved in a minor number only on the island of Hokkaido, nor their anthropological appearance, or their culture are not similar to any other people of East Asia. Until now, ethnographers are lively disputes about the origin of Ainov, putting forward the northern, then the southern, then even the western versions of the origin of this nation. However, none of them gives a clear answer to the question: where did the ains come from and what are their linguistic and ethnocultural relations with other ethnic groups? Finally, Aina attract attention and their tragic fate, being now, by: creature, on the verge of extinction.

Essay N. Lomananovich is a great informative interest, to a certain extent to understand the gap in our scientific and popular geographical literature, which has long been no longer concerned the problem of Ainov. At the beginning of the seventies, the American researcher of the Aynian culture Mary I. Hilger lived for a long time among the Ain on Hokkaido Island. Her observations of the spiritual and material life of a small group of representatives of this nationality, which she tells in the magazine "Nashnel Giogrefik" - the reality and today's days of Ainov. Is that problems have become more. It is also understood by the inhabitants of the Aynian settlement, saying: "nothing can be done. Another time has come ... "

L. Demin, Candidate of Historical Sciences

"Real people"

Grasing each other, merged into the first zipper of the heavenly snakes and the goddess-sun. Joyfully rumbled, they descended on the first land, which by themselves the top and bottom arose. Snakes created the world, and with him and Ayun, who created people, gave them crafts and skill to survive. Later, when the children of Ayun in a set settled in the light, one of them is the king of the country Pan - wished to marry his own daughter. There was no one around anyone who would not be afraid to go against the will of Lord. In desperation, Tsarevna ran along with his favorite dog for the Great Sea. There, on the distant bank, her children were born. From them, the people who call themselves called themselves, which means "real people".

Why real? Because every tree, a frog, a bird, a beast, even the sand on the shore - a man, who also has a soul, listens, understands, acts, just like the other, not like Ainov, - it became not real. Ainov has leaders, "other people" - the hosts, that is, Kamui. Kamui strong, always real people can help, just asking them to be able to help. Take the wand, turn one of her ends into curly chips, taking something to-where, and it will turn out to be inau. Give him food and drink, decorating with motley rags and explain what you want. The soul of Inau will give your request to the desired spirit-gamar, and he will not refuse.

How many times it happened: you will go to the sea, and then the wind will raise the waves - this is about to overturn the boat! But you throw in the water in advance the cooked wand-Inau and shine to her:
- Come to the owner of the sea and ask: Is it well if Ain dies, but doesn't Kamui sees it?

And the hands suddenly are harder, the oars - obedient, the waves are even lower, below - and the storm will end.

But in order to protect against the most terrible hostile forces or diseases, you need a special Inau. At first, the hunters mining a baggage-sucking. This weak bear "man" is brought to the village. From that day, all surrounding Iinov begins a new life in anticipation of the holiday. Three or four years it is necessary to wait. But people are now not so afraid of diseases, hunger, wars. Everyone will be afraid, because ahead is a holiday.

And here in a special full moon on many days the world comes around. From different kinds, from the farthest places come on land, guests sail around the sea. They are met with joy and honor.

The time of games, competitions and dances comes. Gudy-chopped in the teeth "Muk-Kuri" - plates with elastic tongue. Rhythmically fears under the blows lying on the goat fir logs. Former enemies draw each other into a dance, forgetting the offenses, they become side by side and slowly steps in one, then in the other direction. Music herself makes clap in your hands, shove the heads. Laughter, songs ...

Then the main thing comes: a bear is removed from the house-cell. About him all this time cared better than about their own children. Now people gathered together to hold an expensive guest to another world. The bear will remember for a long time and thanks the Ainov. But at first, let him pass between the rows of standing and sitting people so that everyone could say goodbye to the "man."

Ains are knocked into a huge oblique crowd. She leads a bear to the sacred platform, where the "people" carved cut from the tree was frozen. Leaves a bearded with great, in his height, onions. Two arrows hit the bear to the left side and produce his soul to the will. After all, she is the smartest, most skilled Inau. Not one thing, many Kamuyev can persuade. And then the owner of the forest - the bear - will give a happy hunt, and the host of the sea - the liquefaction - will arrive at the osin of the Marine Beast, or it will order in greasy whales to throw ashore. If only the soul of the Cosmatic Human was longer remembered how his real people loved on the islands scattered in the middle of the enormous ocean.

The world of Aina, "Real People", whose ancestors in the ancient times of modern Japan, Sakhalin, Churils and the southern tip of Kamchatka were known. After all, there is no other land in the world. And what does the world know about Aina? Unfortunately, they did not create their own writing, and therefore you can only guess the initial stages of the formation of this people.

The first written references to Aina, compiled by Japanese chroniclers, talk about those times when the Japanese had not yet been the owners of the entire territory of the rising sun. Because the age of the Aynian culture "Dzемем" (when ceramic vessels were created decorated with spiral-like patterns) about eight thousand years, and modern Japanese people began to form only in the IV-I centuries to our era. The basis for it was the tribes that looked at this time from the Korean Peninsula to the East. Suites from the continent first took the closest Kyushu Island to him. From there they went to the north - the island of Honshu and south - the archipelago Ryuku. Aynian tribes who lived on the tiny islands gradually melted in the thread of the aliens. But so far, in the opinion of some anthropologists, the ethnic group of Ryukyutsev has some features of an axh type.

The conquest of a huge honsu moved slowly. Even at the beginning of the 7th century, Anya, Aina was held by the whole northern part. Military happiness moved from hand to hand. And then the Japanese began to bribe the shelters, reward them with court titles, relocate the whole villages of Ainov from the captured territories to the south, and on the vacation place to create their settlements. Moreover, seeing that the army is unable to hold the captured lands, the Japanese rulers decided to have a very risky step: armed the north of immigrants. So it was found to be the beginning of the servant nobility of Japan - samurai, releasing the course of the war and had a huge impact on the history of their country. However, the XVIII century will still find small villages in the north of small villages with the incompleteness of assimilated Ainov. Most of the corona isgeles were part of the part, and the part had time to move to his tribesmen on Hokkaido - the second largest, the most northern and most unfounded island of modern Japan.

Until the end of the XVIII century, Hokkaido (at that time he was called Edzo, or Ezo, that is, "wild", "land of the barbar") was not too interested in Japanese rulers. Written at the beginning of the 18th century "Dynniponsi" ("History of Great Japan"), consisting of 397 volumes, mentions EDZO in a section dedicated to foreign countries. Although already in the middle of the 15th century, Daimo (a large feudal) Taked Nobuhiro decided on his own fear and the risk to fasten the Ainov South Hokkaido and built there the first permanent Japanese settlement there. Since then, foreigners sometimes called Edzo Island differently: Matmai (Mats-May) named Nobuhiro Matsumaea Clan.

New lands had to take with battle. Aina provided stubborn resistance. People's memory retained the names of the most courageous defenders of the native land. One of these heroes Xiaakusin, who headed the Ainov uprising in August 1669. Old leader led several Ainsky tribes. For one night, 30 commercial vehicles arrived, then fell a fortress on the Kun-Nui-Gawa River. Supporters of Matsumae house barely managed to hide in a fortified town. A little more and ...

But the reinforcement sent by the deposited time has time. The former owners of the island retreated for Kun-Nui-Gava. The decisive battle began at 6 am. Japanese warriors chained in the lats with a grin watched a crowd with a regular system of hunters who run in the attack. Once these screaming bearders in the armor and caps of wooden plates were formidable power. And now who will be frightened by the brilliance of their copies of their copies? Falling on the deck of arrows answered guns ...

The surviving Ains fled to the mountains. Aven a month the contractions continued. Deciding to hurry the events, the Japanese lured Syakusian along with other Aynsk military commanders to negotiate and killed.

Resistance was broken. Of the free people who lived in their customs and laws, all of them, from Mala to Velik, turned into sub-million workers of Clan Matsumae. The relationships established at that time between the winners and the defeated are described in the Traveler Diary Ekoi:
"... Translators and supervisors made a lot of bad and subligament: they brutally appealed to the old men and children raped women. If the Esos began to complain about such inconsistencies, then in addition they received a sentence. "

Therefore, many Aina escaped to their tribesmen on Sakhalin, southern and northern smokers. There they felt in relative security - after all, here the Japanese had not yet been. Indirect confirmation we find in the first famous historians describing the Kuril ridge. Author of this document Kazak Ivan Kozyrevsky. He visited 1711 and 1713 in the north of the ridge and asked her inhabitants about the entire chain of the islands, right up to Matmai (Hokkaido).

For the first time, the Russians landed the Russians in 1739. The Aina who lived there was told by the head of the expedition to Martyn Shppberg, that in the Kuril Islands "... people are many people, and those islands are not subject to anyone."

In 1777, the Irkutsk trader Dmitry Schebalin could lead to Russian citizenship a half thousand Aynes on Itupe, Kunashir and even on Hokkaido. Ains received durable fishing gear from Russians, iron, cows, and over time - and rent for the right to hunt near their shores.

Despite the municipality of some merchants and Cossacks, Aina (including Ezoskaya) were looking for Russia's protection from the Japanese. Perhaps bearded Bolsheglase Aina saw people who came to them natural allies, so sharply different from those who lived around the Mongoloid tribes and peoples. After all, the external similarity of our landlords and Ainov was just amazing. It deceived even the Japanese. In their first posts, Russians are referred to as "Red Aina".

The success of Russia in the Kuril Islands did not remain unnoticed. In the "brief geographical description of the Kuril and Aleutian islands", released in 1792 in Germany, was noted: "... Matmai is the only island that is not under the Russian authority." Japanese mathematician and astronomer of the XVIII century Honda Tosiaki wrote that "... Aina look at the Russians as in their native fathers," since "genuine possessions are conquered by virtuous things. Countries forced to obey the power of weapons, in the depths of the soul remain uncompaired. " The ruler of Japan Tanuma Okitsugu interpreted these thoughts in his own way. He decided to speed up the colonization of Hokkaido, urgently build there new fortifications and as a counterweight to Russian influence on the southern smokes to the islands of military expeditions to the islands, which forced a handful of Russian settlers to return to the mainland.

It came in 1855. The Crimean War has rushed to the Pacific Ocean. The Anglo-French squadron bombarded Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and unaffected village on Urupe. Uncertainty with the Far Eastern borders could turn into another war for the Russian Empire. So the Simoian treatise was born, according to which the two most densely populated and nearest to Hoccaido - ITUURUP and Kunashir moved to Japan. However, after 20 years, Japan still managed to impose a treaty in which all the Kuril Islands passed the country of the Rising Sun "in exchange" to the southern part of Sakhalin. The Japanese transported all Seversalurilian Ainov - from Schisha to Urupe - on the little Shikotan. Immediately after the resettlement, Northern was taken away and killed all the dogs: why are these voracious animals? Then it turned out that there was almost no marine beast around Shikotan. But after all, unlike the South, Seversalurilian Aina mined food intake. What to feed migrants? Let them take up the cultivation of gardens! For people who did not have the traditions of land processing, this experiment turned his hunger. Cemetery decorated with crosses, the custom of giving children Russian names Yes, smoked images in the corners - according to Captain Snow, it's all that remained from the former residents of the Northern smoked from those times when the Russian state had their own patronage.

The life and customs of the Ainov consisted, seemed from mutually exclusive elements. They lived in dugouts, ordinary for the peoples of the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, but sometimes built frame houses similar to the housing of the natives of Southeast Asia. They wore the "belt of fitness" of the inhabitants of the southern seas and deaf furry of Northerners. Until now, the echoes of the cultures of the Southern Tropic, Siberia and the North of the Pacific Ocean are traced in their art.

One of the first to the question of who Aina's such, I tried to respond to the marigold Jean Francois Laperuz. In his opinion, they are very close to Europeans.

Indeed, opponents of this version are agreed, in Siberia and Central Asia there were once europeanoid tribes, but provide evidence that they went to the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

There is no evidence.

A number of Soviet scientists (L. Ya. Sternberg, M. G. Levin, A. P. Okladnikov, S. A. Arutyunov) supported the theory of Rodance Ainov with the Australians of the Southern Seas.

Look, they said, as the national ornament of Ainov on patterns that adorn the clothes of New Zealand Maori, the rock paintings of Australia, Polynesia and Melanesia. The same rhoms, spirals, meandra. Aina is the only people of the Northeast of Asia, having a weaving machine, and this machine - Polynesian type. Aina used poisoned arrows. In addition, the method of fixing poisoned tips is similar to what was used in Indonesia and in the Philippines. Moreover, in the amine legends there is a strong and weak deity that helped poison arrows.

The greatest spirit of the Aina considered heavenly snake. And here you can remember the powerful snake-rainbow of the Australians, about the God-snake of Micronesia. Sumatra, Kalimantan, Philippines, Taiwan - on this arc are cultures that have similar from the ana elements. Scientists suggest that they all came out with the mainland of Sunda, who in the past most of the listed islands, and together with them, possibly, Japanese Islands and Sakhalin with Southeast Asia.

The relatives of the Heavenly Snake can be found not only in the legends of Malaysers and Polynesians, but also in the epic of the Mongols, the legends of the Phoenicians, in the legends of the American Indians and on the bone Blash, who have broken thousands of years in the land on the banks of the Angara. So where are the roots of the mythology of the Ain? Who are they?

N. Lomanovich

Flew from heaven

Tissey met me by cool. The design of this traditional Aynian dwelling is simple: a wooden frame is put, shaved with rods, and the walls are "facing" with any breeding material - reed, straw, wood bark. Outside the entrance has a wide canopy, replacing the storage room. In the only room of stones, an open source is laid out, the rammed earth floor is covered with mats, and the "sacred" window comes to the east.

The inner decoration was a bizarre mixture of antiquity and modernity. Beyond the focus cried with chips-curls whitening Inau - prayer sticks. Heavy beads and decorative crafts were hung on the walls. On the floor lined up large ceramic cylinders, similar to dairy bids, in which bulk products are stored. On the stand flashed the TV screen. From the ceiling hung a pushed light bulb. And on an enameled washbasin there was a transparent plastic glass with multicolored toothbrushes.

Having lived on the island of Hokkaido for eight months among the Ainov, studying their life, history, religious rites and oral legends, I was convinced that civilization wins and only the efforts of representatives of the older generation are supported by ancient traditions.

The old men of Piece and Riyo Tsurukiti met me as an expensive guest:
"We are flattered that you visited our modest housing," the master welcomed me solemnly, just returned from the rice field. "Please pass and sit down closer to the hearth." Fire in it is sacred. And the responsibility of the hostess is to constantly maintain it. If it goes out, this is a bad omen. And on the corners, we always throw a little meal and a few drops of drinks for the spirits and our dead ancestors ...- Immediately started the "introductory lecture".

Located on embroidered pillows near the focus, where two aluminum kettle boiled, I diligently remembered what the owner told. For example, Inau, who play a big role in the life of Ainov, makes only men and must be made from Willow. The fact is that when the Great Spirit created the birthplace of Ainov and flew to himself on the sky, he forgot on the ground of a chopstick. Unforgivable oversight: from rain and weather, they would probably have rotted. Return back the spirit was lazy. Therefore, he took and turned them into willow.

- Inau you will see in every home. But reed baskets now nobody flies. They believe that cardboard boxes are more convenient. And Atusi, fabrics from the soft inner bark of the Elm, you will not find, - sighed the pieces.

His story interrupted the arrival of three neighbors of Tsurukiti: 65-year-old Misao, 75-year-old Torosina and a 76-year-old mind. The faces of all of them decorated the big dark blue mustache.

"The Japanese considered this custom with cruel and barbaric and banned him," the mind began to explain to me. "Well, maybe it is here." This procedure, which young girls were previously exposed, very painful. A variety of tiny cuts is made to sharp as a razor, a knife around the mouth. They are rubbed in them from the bottom of the kettle, boiled on birch coals. From this tattoo becomes blue. And since the soot gave the sacred fire, evil spirits can not slip into a person through her mouth or nose. And then the tattoo shows that the girl reached the marriage age. For example, I immediately found my husband, - I proudly finished my mind.

In general, externally, Aina is very different from the Japanese. They have a lot of leather. Eyes - round, brown, thick eyebrows and long eyelashes. Hair often slightly. Men grow thick mustache and beard. Ainov is not in vain, consider representatives of another race.

Most of the Ainov settlements in which I visited is located between Murorane and Cape viewing in the south of Hokkaido. Places there are not very beautiful: the sea and the sand. Those villages that were in the depths of the island, have long turned into urban suburbs, and their inhabitants have become workers, chauffeur, office employees. They live in ordinary wooden houses, often even with water supply, indoor iron and nothing resembling traditional tees, in which, by the way, very damp and cold in winter. Naturally, "urban" ains are largely japanese.

But the religious beliefs and rites of the ancestors are preserved everywhere.

- The real Ain believes not in a single almighty God, but worships the whole synclith of Kamui - the spirits of fire, water, mountains, plains, trees, animals, - told me a forty-year-old Siger Kajano, one of the zealous defenders of the national identity of "real people", as they call themselves Aina.- So when we're going to prayer, Elder distributes to which Kamui to carry them: one - the Bear Spirit, the other - at home, the third - the sea and so on. Moreover, everyone addresses Kamui with those words that considers suitable. For example, the spirit of the river can be praying like this: "A person cannot live without running water. We thank you, the river, for everything you do for us, and ask that this year a lot of salmon come with you. " But the main prayer was and remains of the health of children ...

In general, children occupy a special place in the life of the Ainov and their upbringing is given a lot of attention. The whole family, not just parents, tries to develop such qualities in them that will be needed when they become adults. For boys, this is primarily intelligent, observation, speed. Without it, there will be no good hunter or fisherman. Three-year-old kids, for example, give toy onions and arrows. And soon the fathers already take them on hunting and fishing. The principle of training is simple: look and imitate. Girls teach cook, sew, knit. And also - kindness. Without her, Aina believes, can not be a good mother and wife. By the way, although the children require discipline, adults will not be sealed. The only thing that parents never allow is to kiss the child to "a bad person." "Envy and evil are also infectious as a disease," Aina say.

Communicating with them, I noticed that the young generation, which is most of time - and at school, and outside it - spends with Japanese guys, no longer feels disadvantaged. In fact, they already have no national self-consciousness. Therefore, when you start asking them about customs and traditions, they are awkward, although they try not to show it. "That's that. Another time has come, and we should not get up young across the road, "the philosophically told me one old Ain.

Yes, much has changed in the life of the Ain. I was convinced when I was in the village of Higashi on the coast. In shallow water, women and several men who were gathering in the bags of marine heroes. Then immediately, on the shore, they broke spiny balls by stones, got an orange shape with their fingers and eaten her. The next morning, residents of the village took up sea cabbage. Her long black and green leaves, laid down to dry directly on pebbles, covered the whole beach. They will be brought to meter slices and will be connected to neat babes. Part will take the market, the rest will go to his own table as a side dish and seasoning.

- Previously, we lived in mostly hunting and fishing, and no one was hungry. Deer were found in a variety. Then the Japanese flooded, the forests were empty, I had to go to rabbits and raccoons. Now even they are left. Well, what gives gardens and rice fields, it is difficult to feed. The lands are not enough, and there are few workers. Youth leaves in the city. So eat no matter. It happens, the stomach pulls up, - the old men of Higashi join.

Of course, a meager table is not a secondary thing. However, thin, depleted people from Ainov I did not meet. However, the diseases among them also do not raise. Aina Immediateness of the centuries are treated with herbs and roots, and many drugs are widely used and now. For example, a tincture of a car root with a purestel is well helps from the stomach. From the cold - a decoction of bearish and deer bones. From cough breathe couples of boiling mint.

It is more difficult about the case with evil spirits, which are capable not only to break his hand or leg, but also to destroy him. Here Aina resort to cardinal measures. So when a fisherman drowned in Higashi in the sea, all men went ashore with swords in their hands. With screams: "I ho! I ho! " - They marched with a long chain, threatening waving over the heads of the weapon to frighten the evil spirit and prevent new misfortunes.

In simpler cases, it is enough for healing to pronounce the corresponding spells or alleged the body of a patient with reeds to expel the evil spirit of the evil.

- Do you attract to doctors? - I asked.
- Of course. If our funds do not help, - there was an answer.

Shortly before departure, I had a phone call in the room:
"You seem to be interested in the origin of Ainov, right?" - asked an unknown with a strong Japanese accent.
"Yes," I replied carefully.
- Then I can reveal you this secret. Their ancestors flew from heaven.
Yes, do not laugh. They now support contact with their cosmic conidors, just keep it in secret. You can check yourself.
- How?
- Read the descriptions of the aliens visiting the land at flying plates. Just like Aina, they are not like anyone. But between them and the "real people" there is a lot of total ...

Mary Ines Hilger, American Ethnographer

What do we know about this unique Russian people Aina - Isosa - Aino - Ain?
Ainumosiri - Land Ainov.

Watch the map of Russia 1871: http://atlases.narod.ru/maps/atl1871/map61.djvu
http://atlases.narod.ru/maps/atl1871/map03.djvu.

There was a time when the first Ains descended from
Countries of clouds on the ground loved her, took up
hunting and fishing to eat, dance
And to produce children. (Ain Tray)

Aino Truthful and not tolerate deceptions.
Kruzenshtern came from them to the perfect delight;
Listing their beautiful mental quality,
It concludes: "Such truly rare qualities,
Koim, they are obliged not to elevated education,
But only one nature, opened in me
then the feeling that I read this the best
Of all others, who are known to me "
(A.P. Chekhov)

A. P. Chekhov said: "Aina is the people of meek,
modest, good-natured, gullible, sociable,
polite, respective property; On the hunt, bearer
And ... even intelligent. "

In 1853, N. V. Bouss recorded his conversation
with old people Aino, who remembered the time
Independence and said:
"Sakhalin - Land Ainov, Japanese land on Sakhalin no."

The first Japanese colonists were runaway criminals or
They visited someone else's land and for it expelled from Japan.
(A.P. Chekhov)

... among the amine villages ... - Aina - the oldest population of Japanese
Islands (are known there from the II millennium BC. er), smoked and
Southern Sakhalin. On racial signs close to the Europeanoids,
Language ties are definitely not identified. In the time described number
Ainov on Sakhalin accounted for up to 3 thousand people,
On the island of Hokkaido - up to one and a half million.
Currently they are almost extinct. (Nikolai Pavlovich Zadornov)

What did the Aina Russia gave? This is Sakhalin and smoke!
Aina called themselves various breeding names - Soya-Untara, "Psub-Untar". The word "Ain", which they were accustomed to call, not at all the self-confidence of this nation, it means only the "man." The Japanese called the Ainov word "Ebisu".

What we know about Ainai, these are white-skinned people, anthropologists relate to degmented Australoids, like the Black Papuans, bearded in contrast to the Japanese Mongoloids. Very similar to Russians according to landlords. After all, the external similarity of Russian land roots and Ainov was just amazing. It deceived even the Japanese. In the first posts of the Japanese "Russians" on Hokaydo - Matmsa are referred to as "Red Aina".

Ainumosiri - Land Ainov.

Aina accepted Russian citizenship, and their lands were included in Russia - Sakhalin, Kuriles and Matsmay - Jeso - Hokkaido. In those times, Hokkaido - Matsmay was considered the largest and most southern island from the Kuril Islands.

Russian decrees 1779, 1786 and 1799, indicate that residents of South Kuril - Aina from 1768 were Russian subjects (in 1779 they were released from paying in the treasury Dani - Yasaka), and the Southern Kuril Islands were considered Russia as its own territory.

The fact of the Russian citizenship of the Kuril Ainov and the ownership of Russia of the entire Kuril ridge is also confirmed by the instruction of the Irkutsk Governor A.I.bril's chief commander of M.K., 1775, and the "Yasashny Table" - the chronology of the collection in the XVIII century. C Aino residents of the Kuril Islands, including from the southern (including the island of Matmai-Hokkaido), said by Dani -Yasaka.

In the Language of Ainov Sakhalin - "Sakharan Mosiri" - "wave-like land", ITUP means "the best place", Kunashir - Simushir means "plot of land - black island", Shikoltan - Shiashkol (words - grading "Shir" and "Kotan" mean respectively "Plot of land" and "settlement").

With her good nature, honesty and modesty Aina produced the best impression on the Cruisesttern. When they gave gifts for delivered fish, they took them in their hands, admired them and then returned. It was hardly able to Ainam Holovakov, that they are given to ownership. In relation to Ainam, Ekaterina the second prescribed - to be with Aina affectionate and not to impose their tax, in order to facilitate the situation of the new Russian sulfur sulfurili.

Decree of Catherine II Senate on the release from the devices of the Ainos - the population of the Kuril Islands, who adopted the Russian citizenship of 1779

Eya I.V. Commanded in the citizenship on the distant islands of the shaggy coalkors - Ainov to leave free and no harmony with them, and the inhabitants of the peoples live to not forced, but trying to be a friendly severity and affects the benefit of the benefits in fishery and trade acquaintance.

The first cartographic description of the Kuril Islands, including their southern part, was made in 1711,1713. According to the results of the Expedition I. Kozyrevsky, who collected information about most Kuril Islands, including ITUPU, Kunashira, and even the "twenty-second" Kuril Island of Matmai (Matsmai), who later became known as Hokkaido.

It was precisely established that Curiles did not obey any foreign state. In the report of I. Kozyrevsky in 1713. It was noted that South Room Aina "lively live and not in citizenship and traded pretty."

It should be especially noted that Russian landlords in accordance with the politics of the Russian state, opening new lands inhabited by Aina, immediately announced the inclusion of these lands into the structure of Russia, and their study and economic development began to study their missionary activities, the local population of tribute (Yasak).

Throughout the XVIII century, all the Kuril Islands, including their southern part, became part of Russia. This is confirmed by the head of the Russian Embassy of N. Circan in the course of negotiations with the authorized Japanese government K. Tostamy in 1805, a statement that "north of Mathers (about. Hokkaido) all land and water belong to the Russian emperor and that the Japanese did not extender its own possessions. "

Japanese mathematician and astronomer of the XVIII century Honda Tosiaki wrote that "... Aina look at the Russians as in their native fathers," since "genuine possessions are conquered by virtuous things. Countries forced to obey the power of weapons, in the depths of the soul remain uncompaired. "

By the end of the 80s. The XVIII century of the facts of Russian activity on Kurilah was accumulated quite enough in order to, in accordance with the norms of international law of the time, consider the entire archipelago, including its southern islands owned by Russia, which was recorded in Russian state documents. First of all, the imperial decrees should be called (we will remind that at that time the imperial or royal decree had the power of the law) 1779, 1786 and 1799, in which the citizenship of Russia of South Road Ainov was confirmed (called "the shaggy smokers"), and the islands themselves were announced Russia.

In 1945, the Japanese evicted all Ainov from Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands to Hokkaido, at the same time they for some reason left the labor army from Koreans brought by the Japanese and the USSR and the USSR had to take them as individuals without citizenship, then Koreans moved to Central Asia, and now The Russian Federation, few people are not familiar with this hardworking ethnicity, even deputy Luzhkov Korean.

The fate of Ainov on Hokkaido - Matsmay is hidden for seven seals, as the fate of Slavs - Luzhican in Germany.
It comes to us the information that Ainov left about 20 thousand people, which is a strengthened process of Japaporation Ain, whether the youth knows the language of Ainov a big question, like the Slavs - the Luzhicans, which we know that the Slavic Schools in Germany are closed under any pretext .

According to the census of the Russian Empire of 1897 on Sakhalin, 1446 people indicated the Aynian native language. Ayn language does not apply to any language family (isolate); Currently, Aina Hokkaido switched to Japanese, Aina Russia - to Russian, very few people of the older generation on Hokkaido - Matsmai still remember the language. By 1996, no more than 15 people were completely owned Ainsky. At the same time, carriers of dialects of different localities practically do not understand each other. Ainov had no letter, however, there were rich traditions of oral creativity, including songs, epic poems and tesses in verses and prose.

Russia can remember the historical examples of how Aina Northern Hokkaido - Matsmaya at the end of the XVIII -1st Half of the XIX centuries swore loyalty to the Russian government. And if so, in response to the requirement of the "Northern Territories", Russia can put the project "Southern Territories".

Although the Japanese organized a real genocide of Ainov, justifying their actions by the fact that his representatives of supposedly "Ebisu" (Dickari) and "Taks" (beasts). However, the "barbarians" Aina was not. Their culture of the Dzevel is one of the oldest in the world. According to various sources, it appeared 5-8 thousand years ago, when no one heard about Japanese civilization. According to many ethnographers, it was from Ainov that the Japanese adopted many of their customs and characteristics of culture, ranging from the rite of Septuk and the end of the sacred complex of Sinto and the imperial attributes, including jasmic suspensions. Perhaps the Japanese brought to the islands of Ainos - Ainumosiri, as the workforce for agriculture, because the Aina themselves did not engage in agriculture. So, for example, the Mongols have the ends of the shoes are wrapped in the top, since the Mongol can be disturbed by the land, and Daura people were engaged in agriculture for Mongols, so Daures were evicted by the Chinese, which would not have the support of this agricultural people.

From viii century. The Japanese did not stop cut by the Ainov, who fled from extermination to the north - on Hokkaido - Matmai, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Unlike the Japanese, Russian Cossacks did not kill them. After several clashes between similar outdoor blue-eyed and bearded aliens from the other side, normal friendly relations were established. And although Aina flatly refused to pay the Yasak tax, but no one killed them for it in contrast to the Japanese. However, the turning point for the fate of this people became 1945. Today, only 12 of its representatives live in Russia, but there are many "metots" from mixed marriages.

The destruction of the "bearded people" - Ain in Japan ceased only after the fall of militarism in 1945. However, the cultural genocide continues and at this time.

It is indicative that no one knows the exact number of Ainov in the Japanese Islands. The fact is that in the "tolerant" Japan, often there is still a rather apparent attitude towards representatives of other nationalities. And Ains did not exception: their exact number is impossible to determine if they do not mean as a nor as a national minority in Japanese cogs.

According to scientists, the total number of Ainov and their descendants do not exceed 16 thousand people, of which the purebred representatives of the Ainsky people are not more than 300 people, the other "meters". In addition, often Ainam leave the most prestigious work. And the Japanese actively spend the policy of their assimilation and any "cultural autonomies" for them and speech does not go.

People with the mainland Asia came to Japan at around the same time when people reached America for the first time. The first-settlement of the Japanese islands - Yomon (ancestors of Ainov) reached Japan twelve thousand years ago, and Jouie (the ancestors of the Japanese) came from Korea in the last two and a half millennia.

In Japan, work was done that suggest that genetics is able to resolve the issue of the ancestors of the Japanese. Along with the Japanese, living on the central islands, Honshu, Sikoku and Kyushu, anthropologists distinguish two more modern ethnic groups: Aina from Hokkaido Island in the north and Ryukütsy, who live mainly on the Southern Island of 0 Karnava.

One of theories is that these two groups of the Aina and Ryuksyts are the descendants of the first settlers Yomon, who once occupied all Japan, and later were ousted from the central islands to the north on Hokkaido and south to Okinawa Jouie's aliens from Korea.

The study of mitochondrial DNA conducted in Japan only partially confirms this hypothesis: it showed that modern Japanese from the central islands have a lot in general in its genetic plan with modern Koreans, with which they have much more than the same and similar mitochondrial types than with Aina and Ryukütsy.

However, it is also shown that between Aina and Ryukütsy, there are practically no traith of similarity. Assessing age, showed that both of these ethnic groups have accumulated certain mutations over the past twelve millennium - it suggests that they are really descendants of the source people of Yomon, but also proves that since then these two groups have not contacted each other.

Most modern Japanese residents living on Honshu, Sikoku and Kyushu have found a lot of general mitochondrial sequences with modern Koreans, which proves their kinship on the motherboard with Joui and testifies to secondary, relatively recent migrations. However, among the Japanese there are quite a lot and those who are descendants of Yomon and are closely connected by the maternal line either with Ryukütsy, or with Aina.

In militarily, the Japanese was a very long time to subsidize Ainam and only after a few centuries permanent skirmishes from Japanese military detachments, the northern borders of Yamato had formed that later received the name of the "samurai". The samurai culture and samurai fighting equipment are largely upgraded to the Aynian combat techniques and carry a lot of amine elements.

From myself, I would suggest the leadership of Russia and Japan on the "Northern Territories" in Russia and on the "Southern Territories" -Hokkaido - Matsmay, each of the states to create autonomy for Ainov - Ain and allow Ainam from both autonomies to move freely through state borders between Russia and Japan and allow the Ainam to trade seafood, and not the poachers exporting all the catch to Japan.

Russia is the peoples and their lands of its components,
And the Russians are "cement" the fracting peoples of Russia.

************* From the discussion of the material about Ainka ******************

Andrei Belkovsky Aina - Ainumosiri

A good article, only worth more about the Ainov to learn, especially about their life as part of Russia -SSR.

There is a good book with dachshunds "Who are you, Aina" and "Peoples of Siberia" p / ed.levina (1959 IMHO year)

The Ainovs and their tribesmen grooved and the Japanese and our (ours were sacrificed from the Ainov and South Kamchatka, and Sakhalin, and especially Kuriles - after the 18th century, it was Kuriles who were the kernel of Ainumosiri).

I even reported in the midst (on the problems of the southern smoked) that the best option is to create a AinoMosi state there and help the Ainam survive there to heal normally.

Aina is the people of Oceania, the Northern Australides, and the positive American experience of providing independence to such structures is. Kiribati, Vanuatu and Nauru live -Product.

With the arrival of the Soviet power, Aina twice - before the war and after - there were magnificent Japanese spies. The smartest corresponded to Nivkhov (these are Sakhalin they took).

It is funny - in the Nivekhov global minimum growth of beard and mustache, Ainov and Armenians - a maximum of world (under 6 points).

Ains before the revolution were resettled on the communities. Now assimilated with Aleuts - as part of the former family of Badayv.
At the bottom of the village, the Nikolskie Islands of Bering was until the 1980s toponym "Aynsky End".
Among Badaja -Kuznetsova there are people with an increased beard in the aleuts.
Andrei Belkovsky

************************* From the historical chronicles of the Ainov *********************** ****

Initially, Aina lived on the islands of the current Japan, who were called Ainumosiri - Land Ainov, have not yet been pushed back to the North Praponomians yayoi (Mongoloids),. At Sakhalin Aina came in the XIII-XIV centuries., "Having finished" settlement in the beginning. XIX century. Traces of their appearance were also found in Kamchatka, in Primorye and the Khabarovsk Territory. Many toponymic names of the Sakhalin region are the Aynian names: Sakhalin (from Sugararen Mosiri - "Wave Earth"); Kunashir Islands, Simushir, Shikotan, Shiashkoltan (grading words "Shir" and "Kotan" mean accordingly the "plot of land" and "settlement").

To take the entire archipelago to Hokkaido inclusive (then he was called "Edzo") the Japanese required more than 2 thousand years (the earliest evidence of skirmishes with Aina is dating 660 BC). Currently, there are only a few reservations for Ainov on O. Khokkidido, where the Aynian families live.

The first Russian navigators who studied Sakhalin and Kuriles were surprised by the European-like features, unusual dark hair, beard.

The Ainth population was socially stratified groups ("UTIR"), headed by the family of leaders in the right of the inheritance of power (it should be noted that the genius had a female line, although a man was naturally considered the main in the family). "Utrib" was built on the basis of fictitious kinship and had a military organization. The ruling families, called themselves "Ltarpa" (head of the utara) or "Nishpa" (the leader), were a layer of military elite. Men "High Origin" had already been intended for military service since birth, hurried women spent time for embroidery and shamanic rituals ("Tusu").

The family of the leader had a dwelling inside the strengthening ("khasi"), surrounded by earthen embankment (also called "Chasi"), usually under the cover of the mountain or rock, protruding over the terrace. The number of embankments often reached five-six, which alternated with Rips. Together with the family of the leader inside the strengthen, there were usually servants and slaves ("Easy"). No centralized power from Ainov was not.

Onions preferred from Aina's weapons. No wonder they were called "People, from the hair sticking arrows" for what they wore quiver (and swords, by the way, too) behind his back. The onions was made of elm, beech or beacle of a large (high shrub, high up to 2.5 m with very strong wood) with whale overlays. The string was made of nettle fibers. The plumage of arrows consisted of three eagle feathers.

A few words about combat tips. The battle used both "ordinary" armor-piernes and tips with spikes (possibly for better cutting of armor or jams in the wound). There were tips and an unusual, Z-shaped section, which were most likely borrowed from Manzhur or Djordzhei (the information was preserved that in the Middle Ages, Sakhalin Aina gave a resistant to a large army who came from the mainland).

The tips of the arrows were made of metal (early - from obsidian and bones) and then fooled by the acronite poison "Suruka". The root of the aconite was crushed, soaked and put in a warm place for fermentation. A stick with poison was applied to the leg of the spider, if the leg fell off - the poison is ready. Due to the fact that this poison quickly departed, it was widely used on the hunt for major animals. The arrows of the arrows did from larch.

Swords at the Ainov were short, 45-50 cm long, weakly-blurred, with one-sided sharpening and a half-breeding handle. Ayn Warrior - Dzhangin - fought by two swords, not recognizing the shields. Garda, all swords have been removable and often used as decorations. There are information that some Garda specially polished to the mirror glitter to scare the evil spirits.

In addition to swords, Aina wore two long knives ("Cheiki-Makiri" and "Sa-Makiri"), which were worn on the right hip. Cheki-Makiri was a ritual knife for the manufacture of sacred chips "Inau" and making a rite "Pere" or "Eritonta" - ritual suicide, which then adopted the Japanese, calling "Harakiri" or "SEPPUKA" (as, by the way, and the cult of sword, special Shelves for sword, spears, onions). Aina's swords exhibited for everyone's review only during a bear holiday. An old legend reads: "Long ago, after this country was created by God, the old man-Japanese and old man lived. Grand-Ain was ordered to make a sword, and grandfather-Japanese: money (hereinafter explained why Ainov was The cult of swords, and the Japanese has a thirst for money. Aina condemned their neighbors for casing).

They treated the spears rather cool, although the Japanese treated them.

Another part of the armament of the Ainsky warrior was the combat buttercups - small rollers with a handle and a hole at the end made from solid wood. On the sides of the beater were supplied with metal, obsidian or stone spikes. The beater was used as a chain, as well as the rush - the leather belt was made through the hole. The designer blow to such a beater killed immediately, in the best (for the victim, of course) - forever urged.

Helmets Aina did not wear. They had natural long thick hair, who were knocked into a koltun, forming a similarity of a natural helmet.

The armor of the sundress type was made of Lakhtak leather ("sea hare" - a view of a large seal). The appearance of such a armor may seem bulky, but in fact it practically does not constrain movements, allows you to be blown freely and squat. Thanks to the numerous segments, four layers of the skin were obtained, which with the same success reflected the blows of swords and arrows. Red circles on the armor chest symbolize three million (top, middle and lower worlds), as well as shaman discs - "Toli", releasing evil spirits and in general having a magical meaning. Similar circles are also depicted on the back. Occasioned two armor in front with numerous strings. There were also short armor, such as fufakes with nassed ones on them with skimming or metal plates.

Iinov's military art is currently known very little. It is known that Prapponians adopted almost everything from them. Why not assume that some elements of martial arts were also not taken?

Until this day, only such a fight reached. Opponents, holding each other for their left hand, applied bumps (Aina specially trained backs to pass this endurance test). Sometimes these clubs were replaced with knives, and sometimes they were sworn with their hands, until the opponents had a breath of breathing. Despite the cruelty of the fight, no injuries were observed.

In fact, Aina fought not only with the Japanese. Sakhalin, for example, they walked away from the "tonci" - a low-moist population, really indigenous people of Sakhalin. From "Tonci" Aynian women adopted the habit of tattooing her lips and the skin around the lips (it turned out a peculiar semi-coulter - semi-suits), as well as the names of some (very good in quality) swords - "Tounds".

It is curious that the Aynian warriors - Dzhangina - were noted as very militant, they were unable to lie.

Interesting information about the characters of the Aynov - on arrows, weapons, dishes, they put special signs transmitted from generation to generation, in order to do not confuse, whose arrow struck the beast, who owns one or another thing. There are more than one and a half hundred such signs, and their values \u200b\u200bare not deciphered so far. Folded inscriptions were found near Otaru (Hokkaido) and on acute immovar.

The pictograms were on "Ikunisi" (chopsticks for maintaining the mustache during drinking). To decipher the signs (which were called "Epasi Yokpa") it was necessary to know the symbol language and their components.

It remains to add that the Japanese were afraid of an open battle with Aina and won their cunning. In an ancient Japanese song, it was said that one "Emsi" (Barbarian, Ain) costs a hundred people. There was a belief that they could put fog.

Over the years, Aina has repeatedly raised an uprising against the Japanese (Inexi "Chizhem"), but each time losers. The Japanese invited leaders to themselves to conclude a truce. Holy than customs of hospitality, Ains, trusting as children, did not think anything bad. They were killed during the feast. As a rule, other ways to suppress the uprising of the Japanese did not succeed. (Similarly, the Germans have grown up with the princes of Polansky Slavs - Luzhican, invited by the princes Germans locked in the house and set fire to the house.)

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov talks about Aynakh- Aino

Native to the village of southern Sakhalin, local foreigners, to the question of who they are not called neither a tribe, nor the nation, and answer simply: Aino. This means a person. In the ethnographic map of Schrenk, the area of \u200b\u200bdistribution of Aino, or Ain, marked with yellow paint, and this paint completely covers the Japanese Matsmai Island and the southern part of Sakhalin to the patience bay. They also live on the Kuril Islands and are called the Russian smokers. The numerical composition of the Aino living on Sakhalin is not defined exactly, but is not subject to doubt that the tribe disappears, and moreover with an extraordinary speed.

Doballoic doctor, who served 25 years ago on the southern Sakhalin *, said that there was a time when about one bouquet bay was 8 large Seine villages and the number of residents in one of them reached 200; Near the hob, he saw traces of many villages. For its time, he assumes three numbers taken from different sources: 2885, 2418, 2050, and the latter considers the most reliable. According to the testimony of one author, his contemporary, from the Korsakovsky post in both directions on the shore was the Ainsky settlements. I did not find a single village about the post and saw several Ainski Yurt only about Big Takoe and Sialyans. In the "Vedomosti about the number of residents of foreign people for 1889 in the Korsakovsky district" the number of Aino is determined as follows: 581 men and 569 women.

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* After him, two serious works were left: "Southern Sakhalin Island" (extracted from the military medical report). - "Izvestia Sib. Dep. Ent. Russian geogr. Society", 1870, t. I, љљ 2 and 3, and "AIIN-Russian Dictionary".

The reasons for the endback of Aino Doballoye considers devastating wars, as if taking place sometime on Sakhalin, a minor birth rate due to the misuse of the ainkles, and the main disease. They have always observed syphilis, ration; There was probably an oux *.

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* It is difficult to assume that this disease that produces devastation in the Northern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands would gentle Sakhalin. A. Polonsky writes that the yurt, in which the dead man happened, Aino leave and instead they build another in a new place. Such a custom, obviously, occurred in those times when Aino in fear of epidemics left their infected dwellings and settled in new places.

But all these reasons caused by the usually chronic extinction of foreigners do not give explanations why Aino disappear so quickly, almost before our eyes; After all, in the last 25 - 30 years, there were no wars nor significant epidemics, and meanwhile, during this period of time, the tribe decreased more than half. It seems to me that it will be more precisely to assume that this is a rapid disappearing similar to melting, not from one extinction, but also from the resettlement of Aino to the neighboring islands.

Prior to the class of southern Sakhalin, the Japanese people were almost in the fortress dependence, and they were the easier to enslave them, they were unrequited, and most importantly, were hungry and could not do without rigs.
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* Roman-korsakov Aino said: "Sisam sleeps, and Aino works for him: Chucks the forest, catches fish; Aino does not want to work - sisams his kogotit."

Handing South Sakhalin, the Russians freed them and until recently protected their freedom, protecting against the offense and avoiding interfere with their inner life. Funny convicts in 1885 cut several Zing family families; They also say that some Ainet Cayur was carved by rugs, who refused to carry mail, and had an attempt on the chastity of the ainkle, but they are talking about such a sort of haznance and resentment as separate and extremely rare cases. Unfortunately, the Russians, together with freedom, did not bring rigs; With the care of the Japanese no one caught fish, the earnings stopped, and Aino began to experience hunger. They could no longer be fed, like the gilacs, one fish and meat, "they needed rice, and so, despite his relief to the Japanese, encouraged by hunger, they began, as they say, evaporate to Matsmai.

In one correspondence ("voice", 1876, љ 16) I read that the deputation from Aino came to the Corsakovsky post and asked to give work or at least seeds for the wiring of potatoes and teach them to cultivate them under the potatoes of the Earth; As if it was refused, and the potato seeds promised to send, but the promises did not fulfill, and Aino, disadvantage, continued to move on Matsmai. In another correspondence related to 1885 ("Vladivostok", љ 38), it also says that Aino did some statements, which, apparently, were not respected, and that they strongly want to get out of Sakhalin on Matsmai.

Aino Smugly, like Gypsies; They have great salary beards, mustache and black hair, thick and tough; They have dark eyes, expressive, meek. They are a middle and addition of strong, centerast, the features of the face are large, coarse, but in them, according to the expression of the sailor V. Rimsky-Korsakov, there is no Mongolian ship, nor Chinese narrow-eyed. Find the bearded Aino are very similar to Russian men. In fact, when Aino puts on his bathrobe like our chuka and ribbon, it becomes like a merchant koucher *.

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* In the book of the Schrenk, which I have already said, there is a table with the image of Aino. See also FR book. Gelwald "Natural History of Tribal and Peoples", t. II, where Aino is depicted in full growth, in a bathrobe.

Aino's body is covered with dark hair, which on the chest sometimes grow thick, beams, but it is still far away, meanwhile, the beard and hairiness, which makes such a rarity of savages, hit the travelers who, at home, described the Iino, like a shaggy. And our Cossacks, in the past century, the Yasak brave from them on the Kuril Islands, also called them shaggy.

Aino live in close neighborhood with peoples, in whom the vegetation on the face is distinguished by poverty, and no wonder that their wide beards put ethnographers into a considerable difficulty; Science has not yet found a real place for Aino in the racial system. Aino is attributed to Mongolian, then to the Caucasian tribe; One Englishman even found that these are descendants of the Jews abandoned during the days of the Japanese Islands. Currently, two opinions are most likely: one thing is that Aino belongs to a special race that inhabited once all the East Asian islands, the other, belonging to our Schedule, that these are the people of Paleoisian, has long been crowded with Mongolian tribes from the mainland of Asia on his island outskirts, and that The path of this people from Asia on the island lay through Korea.

In any case, Aino moved from the south to the north, from heat to the cold, changing the best conditions for the worst. They are not militant, do not tolerate violence; It was not difficult to conquer, to enslave or displaced them. From Asia, the Mongols were supplied, from Nippona and Mathersmaya - the Japanese, on Sakhalin Gilaki did not let them above Taraike, they met the Cossacks on the Kuril Islands and thus ultimately found themselves in the hopeless position. Currently, Aino, commonly without a cap, barefoot and in ports, coming above the gauze, meeting with you on the road, makes you a renewress and looks like a gentleman, but sad and painful, like a loser, and as if he wants to apologize that the beard His big rose, and he still did not make his career.

For details about Aino, see Schrenk, Doblock and A. Polonsky *. What has been said about the food and clothes in Gilankov applies to Aino, with only an increase that the lack of rice, the love of which Aino was inherited from the great-grandfather, who had once lived on the southern islands, is a serious deprivation for them; Russian bread they do not like. They have a big variety of food than gylyaks; In addition to meat and fish, they eat different plants, clams and the fact that Italian beggars are called in general Frutti di Mare **. They eat little by little, but often, almost every hour; The voraciousness peculiar to all northern savages is not noticed. Since breastfeeds come from milk to move directly to the fish and whale fat, then they are torn from the breast late.

Roman-korsakov saw the ainku sustain a child of three years, who had already moved well and even had a knife on the belt belt, as big. On clothing and housing, the strong influence of the south is not Sakhalin, but of the present south. In the summer of Ayo go in shubas, woven from grass or Luba, and before, when they were not so poor, wearing silk bathrobes. Hats they do not wear, summer and all fall to snow go barefoot. In the yurts they are smoking and smeared, but still much brighter, tidy and, so to speak, culturally than that of the gylyaks. Near Yuurt usually cost drying with fish, spreading far around the grooved, suffocating smell; War and gnaw dogs; Immediately, you can sometimes see a small log cabin, in which a young bear sits: it will be killed and eaten in winter on the so-called bear festival.

I saw once in the morning, like an Ainskaya teenage girl fed a bear, encouraging his dried fish, moistened in the water. Yurts themselves are composed of jacket and Tesu; The roof, from thin jeres, covered with dry grass. Inside the walls stretch the Nara, above their shelves with different utensils; Here, except for the skins, bubbles with fat, networks, dishes, etc., you will find baskets, mats and even a musical instrument. At Nare, the owner sits usually and, without ceasing, smokes the tube, and if you ask him questions, it is represented reluctantly and shortly, although politely. In the midst of Yurts there is a focus on which firewood is burning; Smoke goes through a hole in the roof.

Over fire hanging on the hook a big black boiler; It boils the ear, gray, foaming, which, I think, the European will not have any money. Behind the boiler are sitting monsters. How solid and the frauds of the Aino men are so unattractive to their wives and mother. The appearance of the AII women the authors call the ugly and even disgusting. The color of the dark-yellow, parchment, the eyes are narrow, the traits are large; Unselling hard hair hang through the face with patches, definitely straw on the old Saraj, the dress is untidy, ugly, and with all that - extraordinary thinness and senile expression. Marriage coloring lips into something blue, and from this face they are completely lost the image and likeness of human, and when I had to see them and watch the seriousness, almost severeness, with what they interfere with spoons in boilers and remove a dirty foam, then It seemed that I see real witches. But girls and girls do not produce such repellent impressions ***.
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The study of A. Polonsky "Kurila" is printed in "Notes Imp. Russian Geogr. Society", 1871, Tom IV.
** The fruits of the sea (Ial.).

*** N. V. Bussse, rarely responded about someone gracious, by the way, so certificates ainok: "A drunk Ain came to me, known to me as a big drunkard. He led his wife with him, and how much I could understand In order to sacrifice the faithfulness of her married false and the same to put out good gifts.

Ainka, pretty beautiful, seemed to be ready to help her husband, but I filed a view that I do not understand their explanation ... Going out of my house, my husband and wife without a ceremony in front of my window and in mind the sentry gave a duty to nature. In general, this Ainka did not show a large female shame. Breasts were almost not closed with nothing. Ainki is carrying the same dress as men, that is, several swing short bathrobes, low-cocked by the cut. They do not have shirts and lower dresses and therefore the slightest mess in their dress rolls all the hidden charms. "But even this harsh author confesses that" there were some pretty pretty girls between the young girls, with pleasant and soft features of the face and with feskami black eyes " . Be that as it may, Ainka is very lagged in physical development; it will become worried and fade before the man. Perhaps this should be attributed to the fact that during the age-old wardings of the people, the lion's share of deprivation, grave labor and tears fell out to the woman.

Aino is never waving, falling sleeping without undressing. Almost all who wrote about Aino responded about their ingredients with the very good side. The common voice is such that these people are meek, modest, good-natured, credulous, reportable, polite, respectful property, on the hunt of brave and; According to the expression of Dr. Rollen "A, the satellite of Laperose, even intelligent. Unfortunately, frankness, faith in friendship and generosity make up their usual qualities. They are true and not tolerate decelerations. Kruzenshtern came from them to the perfect delight; listing their wonderful spiritual qualities, It concludes: "Such truly rare qualities, which are obliged they are not sublime education, but in nature only, they opened the feeling that I read the best of all others who are known to me" *. And Rudanovsky writes: "More The peaceful and modest population, which we met in the southern part of Sakhalin, can not be. "Every violence excites disgust and horror in them.

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* These are these qualities: "When you visit our one Ainsky dwelling on the shore of Rumyantsev's bay, I noticed in the family of this, who consisted of 10 people, the happiest consent, or, almost one can say, committed between His equality. Lasting a few hours in Ohom, not Could we find out the heads of the family. The oldests did not spoke against young lady's signs. With their gifts, no one has shown the slightest type of displeasure, which he got less than another. The opposition provided us with all sorts of services. "

Finally, a few words about the Japanese in the history of southern Sakhalin. For the first time, the Japanese appeared in the south of Sakhalin only at the beginning of this century, but not earlier. In 1853, N. V. Bouss recorded his conversation with the old people of Aino, who remembered the independence of their independence and said: "Sakhalin - Land Ainov, the Japanese land on Sakhalin no." The first Japanese colonists were runaway criminals or who were in someone else's land and for it expelled from Japan.

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Other materials about Ainov in the community:
http://www.icrap.org/ru/chasanova-9-1.html Photos Ainov
http://community.livejournal.com/anthropology_ru/114005.html
http://www.svevlad.org.rs/knjige_files/ajni_prjamcuk.html.

Http://www.icrap.org/folklor_sachalinskich_ainov.html
Tales and Traditions of Sakhalin Ainov

Http://kosarev.press.md/ain-jap-1.htm.
http://lord-trux.livejournal.com/46594.html
http://anthropology.ru/ru/texts/akulov/east06_13.html
http://leit.ru/modules.php?name\u003dpages&pa\u003dshowpage&pid\u003d1326
http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/2877/
http://www.sunhome.ru/reLigion/11036.
http://www.4ygeca.com/ainy.html.
http://stud.ibi.spb.ru/132/sobsvet/html/ajni1.html
http://www.icrap.org/ru/sieroszewski8-1.html.
http://www.hrono.ru/dokum/1800dok/185401petya.html
http://kosarev.press.md/contact-models.htm.
http://glob.us-in.net/gusev_67.php.

Not everyone knows that the Japanese are by no means a natives of the Japanese islands. Long before their appearance, the archipelago inhabited Aina, the mysterious tribe, causing a bunch of disputes in the scientific world. Beloworrine, in no way narrow-eyed (and men also with "increased hairiness") already one of the appearance of the Aina variantly differ from the Japanese, Chinese, Koreans and other Mongoloids living next door. Aina is clearly not the Mongoloids. Externally, they are similar not to the inhabitants of Oceania, not the Europeans.

The main hypotheses regarding the origin of the Ainov are reduced to the following:

1. Aina is relative to the Europeanoids (in time immemorials moved through all of Asia);
2. Aina is relative to Oceania residents and sailed to the Japanese Islands from the south;
3. Aina is related to Paleoisian peoples and appeared on the Japanese Islands from north or from Siberia.

Differences between Japanese and Aina

Appearing on the Japanese Islands about 13 thousand years ago, Aina created the Neolithic Dzemon culture. They inhabited not only Japanese islands, but also the southern part of Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and the southern third of the Kamchatka.

If the appearance of Ainov indicates that there is nothing in common between them and the Japanese, their lifestyle differs from the way of life of the Japanese (the ancestors of which moved to the islands from the territory of China) even more in a largest way.

The Japanese Oncewood was engaged in the cultivation of rice. It is from there that their collectivism originates, the desire not to stand out from the collective, and be. Aina - people of a completely different warehouse. Collectivism, in which personal qualities of a separate person are leveled, dissolving in a common mass, and the person himself becomes a kind of "screw" system, Ainov has no close. The Ainov since childhood was committed to take responsibility for themselves, since childhood, courage and confidence in themselves - the qualities needed by the hunter. Ayna agriculture did not work at all, but, instead, fed due to hunting, gathering and fishing. What is there rice! Aina did not know what it was. Their diet consisted mainly of fish, mollusks and marine animal meat. They eaten in incredible quantities, and therefore, near the remains of the ancient settlements, the Ainov archaeologists find the mountains of the robbed shells.

Considering such a lifestyle, the natural equilibrium was vital for the Ainov, not allowing demographic explosions. Large settlements at Ainov never existed. The Ainov settlements were removed from each other (so that no one interfered with anyone), for the same reason, all the islands of the Japanese archipelago settled in ancient times.

Confrontation of peoples

But here, when immigrants from Southeast Asia and China began to arrive at the Japanese Islands, and then several tribes from Central Asia, the natural equilibrium was violated. Agriculture (and the production of rice in particular) allows you to produce a huge amount of food in a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe territory. Because the colonists have multiplied rapidly. Aina were forced to be sightened and go to the north - Hokkaido Island, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands. But the Japanese got them there. However, Ains were also not going to give up their territory. For a long time (starting from the eighth and almost fifteenth century), the border of the state of Yamato took place in the area of \u200b\u200bthe modern city of Sendai and the northern part of the island of Honshu (the main Japanese Island) was very poorly mastered by the Japanese.

All this time (approximately one and a half of the crawls) between Aina and the Japanese walked.

That's how Ainov describes one of the Japanese chronicles.

"Among the eastern savages are the strongest - Emsi. Men and women have randomly people who have a father who son does not differ. In winter, they live in caves, in the summer in nests (on trees). Wear animal skins, drink raw blood, senior and younger brothers to each other. In the mountains, they climb like the birds, the grass rushing like wild beasts. Good forget, but if it harm them - will certainly distort. Even - hiding the arrows in the hair and tied by the blade, they, by grating the tribesmen, violate the borders or, extinguish where the fields and the silky, rob the people of the country of Yamato. If they are attacked, they are hidden in the grass if they pursue - climb the mountains. Since ancient times and today, they do not obey the masters of Yamato "

Ainov was much smaller, but each of their warrior cost several dozen Japanese. For a long time, the Japanese lost, but in the end, crushed the aisa with numbers, as well as, with the help of such "prohibited techniques", as bribing leaders. The Japanese bribed the Aynian leaders, awarded them with titles. But still, the case was slow. In order to speed up the process, the Japanese rulers went to extreme measures. They armed immigrants left to the north.

Thus, the samurai class was born - serve the nobility, subsequently became a kind of business card of the country of the rising sun. But, I must say that very much, including the strategy, tactics, combat techniques and traditions, samurai adopted from their sworn rivals - Ainov. On the island of Honsu, the surviving Ains were assimilated by the Japanese. True, some of them moved to the northernmost Japanese islands, Hokkaido (the Japanese themselves called him Ezo, that is, "wild", "land of the barbar")

Only in the middle of the XV century, a large feudal of Tan, Nobuhiro managed to establish the first fortified settlement on Hokkaido. Two more than two more than a century left to conquer this island, and only in 1669, the Ainov resistance was broken. She told his good word firearms, supplied by Japanese rulers by Europeans.

Further fate of Ainov tragic. The Japanese actively turned them into slaves. Selected fishing gear, dogs, forbidden to hunt. At present, Ainov left no more than 25 thousand. But now they retain their originality.

Culture Ainov

The Aynian Pantheon of the gods mainly consists of "Kamui" - spirits of different animals, such as a bear, a tavern, snake, eagle, as well as mythical characters, such as Ayun, creator and teacher Ainov. And also "Onti-Kamui" - the female deity, the goddess of the focus, to which, unlike other deities, people can contact directly.

Until the end of the XIX century, Aina sacrified specially grown, which, before that, one of the women of the community was breastfeeding for several years. They tried to invite as many guests as possible, and after the ritual murder, the bear's head was placed in the eastern window of the house (sacred place in every Ain's house), according to the bear's head in the head, his spirit dwells. Each present at the ceremony was supposed to take the blood of a bear from a special bowl transmitted in a circle, which symbolized the separation of the force of the bear between those present and emphasized their involvement in the ritual before the gods.

But, the greatest spirit of the Aina considered heavenly snake. He was honored and afraid at the same time. This cult has common features with religious beliefs of Australia's Aboriginal and Micronesia, residents of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Taiwan and the Philippines. Aina never kill snakes, because they believe that, who lives in the body of a snake, an evil spirit, after kinking the snake leaves her body and moves into the body of the killer. In addition, Aina believes that the snake can cover the sleeping person in his mouth and master his mind, as a result of which the unfortunate will go crazy.

Special place in the rites of Ain is occupied by the so-called "Inau". So Aina call the most different items that are almost impossible to combine common origins. In different cases, they are given different explanations. Most of the "Inau" are made by the hands of a person and are decorated with beams of long chips. "Inau" is a kind of mediators, "helping" Ainam "negotiate" with the gods.

An interesting point: a spiral ornament, very common from the Ainov, is also widespread from Maori, the inhabitants of New Zealand, in the decorative drawings of the Papuans of New Guinea, among the Neolithic tribes who lived in the lower course of Amur, as well as many oceania. (By the way, the spiral is nothing but the image of the snake). It is unlikely that it may be a random coincidence and, most likely, there were certain contacts between these peoples. But where does this spiral originate from? Who was the first to apply a spiral ornament, and who took over him and did his own?

In general, the art of Ainov, their songs, dancing, tales, ornament, bone carving and a wooden sculpture are surprisingly beautiful and talented, especially for the people, for a long time living in isolation.

By the beginning of the new Aina's era in their development were in the Neolithic stage, but, nevertheless, the Culture of Ainov had a huge impact on the culture of their conquerors and the Zapers of the Japanese. The Ayn elements were based on the basis of Sintoism - the ancient religion of the country of the Rising Sun, and in the formation of samurai class.