History of RGB

The official history of one of the world's largest national libraries began in the middle of the XIX century and is closely connected with the name of Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantseva (1754-1826), diplomat, Chancellor, Chairman of the State Council and the founder of a wonderful private museum created by him in St. Petersburg and Having used to serve the Fatherland "for good enlightenment."

Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev dreamed of a museum talking about the history, art, identity and nature of Russia. He collected historical books and manuscripts, was the chronicle of the ancient Russian cities, published monuments of ancient Russian writing, studied the customs and rites of the peoples of Russia. After his death, Brother Nikolai Petrovich, Sergey Petrovich Rumyantsev, handed over a huge library (more than 28 thousand volumes), manuscripts, collections and a small meeting of painting to the state - "For the benefit of Fatherland and good enlightenment." Collections of Count Rumyantsev formed the basis of the meeting of the Rumyantsev Museum established on March 22, 1828 by the registered decree of Nicholas I.

On November 23, 1831, the museum located in the Rumyantsev mansion on the English embankment in St. Petersburg opened for visitors. Position reading:

"Every Monday from 10 am to 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the museum is open to all reading inspection. In other days, except for Sunday and festive, those visitors are allowed, koi intend to read and payments ... ".

Alexander Khristoforovich Oriental (1781-1864) - Poet, Paleographer, Archeographer, was appointed senior librarian Museum.

In 1845, the Rumyantsev Museum entered the magnitude of the Imperial Public Library. Prince Vladimir Fedorovich Odoyevsky (1804-1869) - Writer, musicologist, philosopher, assistant director of the Imperial Public Library, became the keeper of the museum.

By 1853, 966 manuscripts were kept in the Rumyantsev Museum, 598 cards and intensive books (atlases), 32,345 volumes of printed publications. His jewelry studied 722 readers, who ordered 1,094 storage units. In the exposition halls visited 256 visitors.

Moving to Moscow

The state of the Rumyantsev museum left much to be desired, the collections were almost never replenished, and the director of the Imperial Public Library Modest Andreyevich Korf instructed Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky to prepare a note on the possibility of transferring the museum to Moscow in the hope that his collections would be more in demand. A note about the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum, sent to the Minister of State Court, fell into the hands of the then guardian of the Moscow academic district, General Nikolay Vasilyevich Isakov, who gave her a move.

On May 23, 1861, the Committee of Ministers decided to translate the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow. In the same year, the recruitment and systematization of the museum foundations began with the transportation of collections to Moscow. Whole drawers equipped with registries and catalog cards, a lot of Russian, foreign and primitive books from the Dupletians of the Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg were sent to the library formed in Moscow.

To accommodate collections, one of the most famous buildings of Moscow was allocated - Pashkov's house on Vagankovsky Hill. The collections of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum united in a spacious building.

Emperor Alexander II on 19 June 1862 approved the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum." "Position ..." was the first legal document identifying management, structure, activities, entry into the library museums of the mandatory copy, the staffing of the publicly available museum for the first time created in Moscow, which was part of this museum. In 1869, the only charter of the Moscow public and Rumyantsev museums was approved by the emperor and until 1917. Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov became the first director of the Joint Museum.

The Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums included, except for the library, the branch of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, the separation of elegant arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, mineralogical.

Replenishment of museum funds

Moscow Governor General Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov and Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov called on all Muscovites to participate in the replenishment and formation of the newly created "Museum of Sciences and Arts". As a result, more than 300 book and handwritten collections and individual priceless gifts included in the Fund of Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.

Darisions, donations have become the most important source of replenishment of the Fund. No wonder they wrote that the museum was created by private donation and public priority. After a year and a half after the founding of Museums, the library foundation has already made 100 thousand units. And on January 1, 1917, 1200 thousand units of storage were already in the library of the Rumyantsev Museum.

One of the main donors was the emperor Alexander II. He received a lot of books and a big collection of engraving from the Hermitage, more than two hundred picturesque canvases and other rarities. The most large gift was the famous picture of the artist Alexander Andreevich Ivanova "The Phenomena of the Messiah" and Etudes to her, especially for the Rumyantsev Museum purchased from heirs.

In the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum", it was recorded that the director must "observe" ensure that all literature issued on the territory of the state fall into the library. And since 1862, a mandatory copy was made to the library. 80 percent of the Foundation until 1917 amounted to receipts on the mandatory instance.

Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum

In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the house of Romanov was noted. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev museums was dedicated to the same time. The role of the imperial family as patronage of museums is difficult to overestimate. Since 1913, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, in accordance with the highest decision, became known as the "Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum".

From the same time, the library for the first time began to receive not only gifts and a mandatory copy of publications, but also money on the formation of funds. There was an opportunity to build a new book storage. In 1915, a new picture gallery was opened with the Ivanovo hall, named by the artist who created the most valuable canvas in the collection of the museum. The gallery was arranged in such a way that visitors can cover the "Messiah phenomenon" - a picture of 540 × 750 cm.

State Rumyantsev Museum

By 1917, the Museum Library Foundation consisted of 1,200,000 storage units.

From the first days of the February Revolution in many cultural institutions, the process of democratization of leading structures and relationships between leading and ordinary employees began. In March 1917, the Rumyantsev Museum changes the former system in which the head of the institution was the director. At the meeting of the Council of the Museum, a new democratic order is approved, and the right to make a decision moves from the director to the Council.

The last director in the history of the Imperial Museum and the first Soviet director of the State Rumyantsev Museum was Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn (1857-1926). Artist, Military, Public, Museum Worker, Vasily Dmitrievich joined the position of Director on July 19, 1910. It is on his shoulders and lay the main severity: Save funds.

Employees of the museum and library managed not only to preserve values, but also save private collections from destruction. The fund entered the meeting of the entrepreneur Lion Konstantinovich Dzualov, merchant Igor Egorovich Egorov and many others. From 1917 to 1922, during the mass nationalization of private collections, including books, more than 500 thousand books from 96 private libraries arrived at the Library Foundation. Among them are the assembly of Sheremetev graphs (4 thousand copies), Count Dmitry Nikolayevich Mawrosa (25 thousand copies), the famous Antiquary-Bukinist Pavel Petrovich Shibanova (more than 190 thousand), Libra of the princes of the Baryatinsky, noble korsakov, the Counts of Orlovy-Davydov, Vorontsova-Dashkov other. Due to the transmitted, abandoned and nationalized collections, the Museum Funds rose from 1 million 200 thousand storage units to 4 million.

In 1918, an interlibrary subscription and reference bibliographic bureau were organized in the library of the State Rumyantsev Museum. In 1921, the library becomes a government bookulatory.

Receipt of the library since 1922, two mandatory copies of all prints in the state in the state allowed, including promptly providing thousands of readers not only literature in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Peoples of the USSR, but also its translations into Russian.

State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin

In the early 1920s, all nexic collections - painting, graphics, numismatics, porcelain, minerals, and so on - began to be transmitted to other museums. They were included in the assembly of the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin, the State Historical Museum and many others. In July 1925, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR adopted a resolution on the liquidation of the Rumyantsev Museum, on the basis of the library of which the State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin was created.

In 1920-1930, the USSR State Library named after V.I. Lenin is a leading scientific institution. First of all, this is the largest information base of science. On May 3, 1932, the Resolution of the Soviet Union of the RSFSR library is included in the number of research institutions of republican importance.

The library arises at the head of one of the important branches of science - library science. Since 1922, in its composition - the Cabinet, and since 1924, the Institute of Library Science. One of his tasks was the training of personnel. Two-year-olds were organized, nine-month, six-month librarian courses, graduate school (since 1930) was opened. In 1930, the first library university was created here, which in 1934 separated from the Lenin Library and became independent.

Leninka in the days of the war

By the beginning of 1941, the Lenin Library Foundation consisted of more than 9 million copies. 6 reading rooms of the Lenin Library were serviced daily thousands of readers. 1200 employees ensured all the activities of the library. A moving to a new building began, built on the project of Academician Vladimir Alekseevich Shchuko, designed for 20 million storage units.

During the Great Patriotic War, the library continued its work: recruitment and storage of funds.

Return to the library of refurbished funds (layers) and moving books in the 18-tier book retardant with a manual conveyor (right), 1944.

In the first two hundred years, more than 1,000 books and 20% of periodic publications were acquired, lost from the book chamber in accordance with the obligatory copy. Library management has achieved newspapers, magazines, brochures, posters, leaflets, slogans and other publications produced by the militant, politinations of fronts and armies. The current acquisition was the library of Antiquary Pavel Petrovich Shibanov (more than five thousand volumes), containing bibliographic rarity collection of books Nikolai Ivanovich Borokova, Russian national songwriters, books on the history of medicine, on the history of the theater in Russia and many others.

In 1942, the library had book relations with 16 countries, with 189 organizations. Since 1944, the issue of the transfer of the library of candidate and doctoral dissertations was resolved.

The readers service did not stop for a day. And in 1942 a children's reading room was opened.

In the interests of the readers, mobile exhibitions were organized, the readers for the interlibrary subscription continued, the books went as a gift to the front, at the hospital libraries.

The library was intensive scientific work: scientific conferences were held, sessions, they wrote a monograph, defended the dissertations, the graduate school was restored, work began on the creation of library-bibliographic classification. The scientific council was gathered, which included well-known scientists, including 5 academics and members of the correspondents of the Academy of Sciences, writers, cultural figures, leading specialists in the field of library and books.

For outstanding achievements in the collection and storage of book funds and servicing the book of broad masses of the population (in connection with the 20th anniversary of the transformation of the Librarytsev Museum, the USSR state library named after V.I. Lenin) On March 29, 1945 the library was awarded the Order of Lenin (the only one of libraries).

State Library named after Lenin: Restoration and development

In the postwar years, serious challenges have fallen in front of the library: the development of a new building, its technical equipment (conveyor, electric train, belt conveyor and other), organization of new forms of storage of documents and maintenance (microfilming, photocopying), functional activity - recruitment, processing, organization and Storage of funds, formation of a reference device. Special attention is paid to the service of readers.

On April 18, 1946, the first readership of the reader conference took place in the conference room.

In 1947, a 50-meter vertical conveyor for transportation of books was commissioned, an electric train and a ribbon conveyor was allowed to deliver requirements from reading room to the book.

In 1947, work was started to maintain readers by photocopies.

In 1947, a small study was organized for reading microfilms, equipped with two Soviet and one American apparatus.

In 1955 - the library resumed the work of the International Subscription.

In 1957-1958, the opening of the reading rooms No. 1, 2, 3, 4 in the new premises took place.

In 1959-1960, the system of sectoral reading rooms was formed, the subsidized funds of scientific halls were transferred to the open access system.

In the mid-1960s, the library acted 22 reading rooms for 2330 seats.

The library status is strengthened as a national book process. Since 1960, Leninie ceases to serve children and adolescents: specialized libraries emerged for children and young people. At the beginning of 1960, the reading room of the music department was opened. In 1962, it became possible to listen to recording, in 1969 a room with a piano appeared to play musical works.

In October 1970, the dissertation hall was opened. Since 1978, a permanent exhibition of the abstracts of doctoral dissertations has been organized here in the preservation period.

The 1970s - the leading direction of the information activities of the Library was the service of government governing bodies. In 1971-1972, an experimental introduction of the electoral information system (IRE) was carried out in the reference and bibliographic department. In 1974, the State Lenin Library was established a new procedure for writing to reading rooms, limiting the influx of readers. Now only a scientist or specialist with higher education can be enrolled in the library.

In 1983, a permanent exposition of the museum of the book was opened.

Since 1987, the Service Division has been conducting an experiment on a temporary entry without restrictions of all those wishing to visit the library in the summer. And in 1990, relationship-application relationships are canceled when writing to the library, student recording expanded.

In connection with the decision of the new tasks on the organization and storage of funds, including on new carriers, the service of readers, scientific and methodological, research problems has almost a month and a half increased the amount of departments (created a notebook-musical, technological departments, departments of cartography, iszamans , exhibition work, literature of Russian abroad, hall of dissertations, research department of library-bibliographic classifications, Library Museum and other departments).

Russian State Library

Changes in the country could not not touch the main library of the country. In 1992, the USSR State Library named after V. I. Lenin was transformed into the Russian State Library. However, most readers continue to call her "Lenin".

Since 1993, the reading rooms of the library after a 20-year break are re-available for all citizens from 18 years. And since 2016, you can get a reader card anyone who has already been 14 years old.

In 1998, the Center for Legal Information was opened in the RGB.

In 2000, a national program for the preservation of Russian library funds was adopted. In its framework, a special subprogramme "Book Monuments of the Russian Federation" is being implemented. The functions of the Federal Research and Research, Scientific and Methodological and Coordination Center for Working with Book Monuments were assigned to the Russian State Library.

By the end of 2016, the volume of RGB funds amounted to about 47 million units. There are 36 reading rooms for visitors. Empty doors of the library open five visitors. For a year, approximately one hundred thousand new users is added.

In December 2016, a new Ivanovo hall opened on the foundation of the art gallery of the Rumyantsev Museum, which became the main exhibition platform of the Russian State Library.

From January 1, 2017, the Russian State Library began to receive mandatory specimens of all print publications overlooking our country. On the RGB portal, a system of receiving, processing, storage and accounting of mandatory electronic copies has been created.

Annually released public report shows how the Russian State Library is developing.