The Tsar Bell. Where is the king bell?

One of the unique attractions of the Moscow Kremlin is the King Bell-known world. This exhibit is considered a peculiar work of Russian art of the eighteenth century and the highest achievement of the foundry in Russia. In addition, the King Bell is a majestic historical monument.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating

Empress Anna Ivanovna signed a decree in 1730, in which he commanded to cast a bell weighing up to ten thousand pounds. To do this, it was necessary to take a broken copy by adding a metal into it. With the release of this document and began the history of the king bell.

Who cast the famous giant?

Originally skilled master wanted to find in Paris. However, the Royal Mechanic Germain, who offered this case, refused to work. He adopted this requirement for a joke.

He was able to persecute the bell of Grigoriev, who broke in the fire of 1701, an outstanding master of his time Ivan Fedorovich Motorin. The case was started in 1730. The master, ten students and two officers were allocated for its successful holding Moscow artillery office.

Preparatory stage

Before starting work, the artillery offices were drawn up drawings. Moreover, a small model of the future giant was cast pre-motorin. She weighed twelve pounds. All drawings drawn up by the estimate, as well as two developed models of the lifting mechanism sent for approval to St. Petersburg. All preparation and approval of the created project took place within two years. In this regard, the work of the manufacture of the planned form of the bell, as well as on the construction of the stoves, began only in January 1733.

Creation of giant

In order to get the form of the largest bell in the world in the drawings of Russian masters, two templates were made. One of them was intended for the inner profile of the product, and the second - for the outer.

Forming a giant bell was made on Ivanovo Square. For this, a ten meter pit was dug. Oak bars associated with metallic rims, its sides were strengthened. Additionally, the pit was laid with bricks. For the lower base of the form on the oak piles driven into the bottom, the iron grille was lattice. Only then began the process of producing the bell disc. After its manufacture, a second pattern was installed, which repeated the external outlines of the giant. At the end of work, the form was raised for the hooks. For this, special devices were used.

At the next stage, the Dwarf was finally finished. For the bell language, the iron loop was attached in the arch. The last operation of the technological process is to install into special nests at the top of the housing of the so-called ears.

All work on the creation of the king bells was completed on November 25, 1735. A certificate was drawn up about this event. The weight of the largest bell in the world was two hundred and one ton of nine hundred twenty-four kilograms. Its height is 6.14 m, and the diameter is 6.60 m. Unfortunately, complete the casting of the giant Ivan Motorin could not, he died. The Father's case was continued by the son of Mikhail, who was actively involved in the work before.

Production subtleties

In order for the king of the bell to have a good casting by Ivan Motorin, a special design of the grief system was taken. The shape that was filled with liquid metal did not fall slags and other contaminants. This was made possible thanks to a special reservoir, which was constantly filled to the edges. At the same time, a pure metal from the bowl came into a form, and the slag that had a lighter weight remained on the surface.

When casting a giant, it was necessary to create certain conditions so that the form sustain the pressure of the hot metal. For this, the Earth was covered with all the space that was between the walls of the casting pit and the casing.

Friend piece

He knows the history of the king bell and an unprecedented fire. After the casting, more than a year were inscriptions on this amazing piece of foundry.

Decorative decorations were made on it. The work was already approaching the end when a strong fire broke out in the Kremlin. This happened in May 1737. The fire destroyed the wooden structures and the tent, which was erected above the casting pit. A fascinated bell began to water water. From the temperature difference in the body of the giant, cracks were formed, which led to the fact that a significant piece was broken from it, the weight of which was eleven and a half tons.

Lift

King Bell, whose history began so unsuccessful, could not get for a long time. Until 1836, he was in the Foundry Jam, which was cleared, took the railings and made the staircase. On it, visitors went down and admired the great work of art.

On July 23, 1836, a brilliant bell lift took place. At specially prepared rollers, it was moved and put on a stone pedestal having an octal form. Soon on the giant, four brackets that support the ball were installed, on top of which bronze cross was located. Where is the king bell now? On the same pedestal in the Kremlin.

Restoration work

The king of the bell was planned to be soldered several times. However, the works were never carried out. I prevented this high cost of spike. In addition, there were concerns that, even restoring the bell, it would be impossible to achieve its normal sound. That is why, if you visit the Kremlin, the King Bell will meet you in the form in which it was once removed from the casting pit. This unique monument has a huge historical importance. That is why it is simply unacceptable to experiment on it. The king of the bell for children and for an adult generation is the history of the Fatherland.

The study of the unique monument was carried out in 1979 at the same time its restoration was performed. The works were to deterrectoscopy of the body of the giant and the compilation of a special card, on which the size, position, as well as the amount of consideration of cracks is fixed.

During the restoration, the surface of the bell was cleared of numerous layers of paint coatings, which distorted the appearance of the giant. In parallel, there were a small repair of the pedestal. A fragment of the bell was raised on the surface of the Earth, which was mounted in a cultural layer for forty centimeters.

All work was performed by experts, as well as scientists of the Military Academy, carrying the name F.E. Dzerzhinsky. At the same time, constant consultations were held with the All-Union Restoration Institute of Restoration. It is worth noting the fact that work on the creation of technology and the methodology for restoring this type was made for the first time.

Unique Foundry Art

Those who today visit the Kremlin, the King Bell will meet in his original form. The giant again acquired a silvery gray color, giving a greenish patina. Specific flicker and natural tone returned bronze. On the cross, which is crowning the outlook, shines gilding. It was restored with the use of graval gold. You can clearly see the elegant ornament and skillful images that are decoration of the bell. The beauty of sculptural jewelry pleases the eye. The lower and the upper part of the body of the giant is decorated with a frieze, the pattern of which is palm branches. Unfortunately, when filling out the shape, metal in some parts of the bell occurred. It can be clearly seen on the images of some figures. Despite this, thousands of people attending daily Kremlin, now appreciate the beauty of the historical monument.

The king of the bell in Moscow was created almost two and a half centuries ago. However, the famous giant every year increasing. The amazing monument of Russian casting is successfully fits into the architectural composition of the Kremlin. Tsar Bell, as well as the tsar-gun located near him, it is impossible to separate from the artistic appearance having a worldwide glory.

Historical facts

For the bell casting, Master Motorin received a meager fee. She was just a thousand rubles.

On the bell there is an inscription that he was cast by Ivan Motorina and his son Mikhail. The famous Master of Foundry, to capture his name, served in the Senate. The Empress Anna Joanova was approved.

The proposal to create a giant bell was obtained by the sculptor Carlo Rastrelli. However, the son of the world famous architect Francesco Rastrelli requested a very high payment for his work. As a result, it was refused from his services.

Images of Tsar Bell, General Denikin used for the release of a thousand-roof white-leaved bill. These money in the people got the name "Bells".