Canary Islands

: 28 ° 32'11 "s. sh. 15 ° 43'17 "s. d. /  28.53639 ° C. sh. 15.72139 ° C. d./ 28.53639; -15.72139 (G) (I)

Etymology

According to another version, "dogs" called marine dogs (lat. canis marinus) Or sea lions that have previously had large colonies on the islands.

It is also possible that the indigenous population of the archipelago, Guangchi, considered the dogs of sacred animals. The relationship of the Egyptian cult of the deity of Anubis from the head of a dog and the Canary worship dogs is not excluded.

In ancient Roman sources, the version of the islands name according to Berber tribes living in Morocco is also found.

Geography

The archipelago consists of seven large inhabited islands and several small. The center is the largest island - Tenerife (2057 km²), Tenerife is the largest and most densely populated island. In the West are the islands of Homer (378 km²), Ierro (277 km²) and Palma (708 km²). Gran Canaria Island is located in the east of Tenerife. This is the third largest island of the archipelago (1532 km²). Further, Fuerteventura (1659 km²) and Lanzarote (795 km²) are east. Of the six small islets only on the island of Graesos (27 km²) people live. In the east there are Islands of Alegrana (10 km²), Montagina Clara (1 km²), Lobos (6 km²), Rocka del Osta and Rock Del Este. Total - 13 islands.

Geographically, the archipelago is part of Makaronese - a group of volcanic islands along with the Azores, Islands of Green Cape, Madeira and Selwazh.

Climate

Climate Canar Tropical trade machine, moderately hot and dry, it is determined:

1. A close location to Africa (Sugar desert), which is why the winds are blowing the winds (Sirocco), which brings heat and sand. Eastern islands are more arid;
2. Permanent winds-trade winds that have been in the north-east. They carry moisture and soften the influence of Africa;
3. The influence of the Atlantic Ocean, the Cold Canary Current, the presence of a permanent anticyclone over the Azores islands softens the climate. It should be noted that due to the flow of precipitation on the islands less, but not hot on coastal beaches;
4. The islands are the historians, so the height and relief also affect the climate and weather. This is especially noticeable on Tenerife, Palma, Grand Canaria - the highest islands of the archipelago. They say that these are "continents in miniature": the climate is strikingly changing from the sea level on the coast, where the temperature even in winter is rarely deviated from the mark at 20 ° C, up to 2000 m of height, rising to which snow can be seen, sometimes even in summer;
5. For the whole archipelago, a significant difference in climate and weather between the North and South is the northern islands are more green, wet, southern - dry.

In general, the islands are characterized by an extremely uniform temperature distribution. Most days standing warm solar dry weather, water temperature is constant for a whole year, does not fall below 20 ° C, the air temperature is rarely lowered below 10 ° C and rarely rises above 25 ° C in winter, while the temperature is rarely below 20 ° C, but often exceeds 30 ° C.

History

Before coming to the islands of Europeans, they were settled by the tribes of Guangchi. Their development was at the level of the Stone Age, they were engaged in cattle breeding and primitive agriculture. As a clothing used animals skins. Skill mummify their leaders. Left after themselves the Pyramid of the State University - an amazing monument of megalithic architecture.

In the era of antiquity, the Canary Islands visited the Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians, as mentioned by Plina senior.

Provinces	Adm. Centre	Population, person. (2011)	Area, km²	Municipalities	Number of municipalities
Santa Cruz de Tenerife	Santa Cruz de Tenerife	995 429	3381	Santa Cruz de Tenerife, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Arona, Adeje, La Orotava, Granadilla de Abona, Los Realejos, Puerto de la Cruz, Candelaria, Icode de Los Vinos, Driene, Los Llanos de Aridan, Gia de Isra, Guimar, El Rosario, San Miguel de Abona, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Santa Ursula, Santyago- Del Tadeide, Tehset, San Sebastian de la Gomera, El Sawal, La Victoria de Aentejho, La Matans de Asenteho, Ariko, Al Paso, Benchi Alta, Tasachart, Arafo, La Gwance, Garachiko, Brohani Bach, Los Silos, Buenavista del Norte, Valle Gran-Rey, San Juan de la Rambla, Valverde, Villa de Maso, San Andres-I- Sauses, Frontera, Valleermoso, El Tank, Fasnia, Tikraffa, Puttalian, Barloviethto, Hermigua, Puntaganda, Alahero, Fuecallent de la Palma, Vilaflor, El Pinar de El Ierro, Garafia, Aguhulo
Las Palmas.	Las Palmas de Gran Canaria	1 087 225	4066	Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Santa Lusia de Tirakhana, Argerefe, San Bartolome de Tirakhana, Arucas, Puerto del Rosario, Inhenio, Aguimes, Galdar, Mogan, La Oliva, Pahara, Tegis, Tias, Santa Brichida, San Bartolome, Eggs, Santa Maria de Gia de Gaita Canaria, Tuineja, Teror, AntiGwa, Walsequilo de Gran Canaria, La Aldea de San Nicholas, Moya, VEGA-de-San Mateo, Firgas, Agaette, Tinaho, Aria, Vallesco, Tech, Artenar, Betankuria

Population

Residents are descendants of marriages between the Spaniards and the ancient indigenous population, Guangers (Proto-Berber population), although there is a significant advantage in favor of the Spaniards:

Total population: 2 111 013 people

Cities with the number of residents above 10 thousand As of January 1, 2005

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 378,6 Kandelary 20,6 Santa Cruz de Tenerife 221,6 Los Llanos de Aridane 19,9 San Cristobal de la Laguna 141,6 Santa Brichida 18,8 Telde 96,5 Gia de Isra 18,7 Arona 65,6 Pahara 18,2 Santa Lucia de Tirakhana 56,3 Santa Cruz de la Palma 17,8 ARRESIFE 53,9 San Bartolome. 17,5 San Bartolome de Tirakhana 46,4 La Oliva 17,3 La Orotava 40,4 Tias. 16,9 Los Realeehos 36,2 GUIMAR. 16,5 Arucas 34,2 El Rosario 16,0 Adeh 33,7 Mogan 16,0 Granadilla de Abon 33,2 Tegis 15,8 Puerto de la Cruz 30,6 Santa Maria de Gia 14,1 Puerto del Rosario 30,4 Santa Ursula 12,6 Inhenio 27,3 Thuinehe 12,5 AgiMes. 25,5 Terror 12,2 Icode de Los Vinos 24,3 San Miguel de Abon 11,7 Galdar 23,2 Santiago del Teid 11,2 Torontic 22,3 Tegesta 10,3

The problem of illegal immigration

In recent decades, the Canary Islands have gradually turned into a transit point for immigrants from West African countries (Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali, Gambia, Senegal, etc.), trying to move from their countries to Spain or other European Union countries. Many die in the sea without coming to sushi on their homemade boats or roofs. On the islands there are special camps for refugees, including specialized institutions for children, the number of which among illegal immigrants is constantly increasing due to the fact that Spanish laws prohibit the deportation of persons who have undergone 18 years of age.

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Literature

• Knipovich N. M. // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 tons. (82 t. And 4 extra). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Bolshakov A. A. Behind the poles of Hercules. Canary Islands. - M.: Science, 1988.

Notes

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Excerpt that characterizes the Canary Islands

- And what, is our militias amounted to the state? No! Only ruined our farms. It is better yet ... And then neither the soldiers or a man will return to you, and only one debauchery. Noblemen do not regret their abdomen, we will go around the world, we will still recruit, and we have only clichen Gusay's clique (he scarked the sovereign), we will die for him, "he added an adhesive.
Ilya Andreich swallowed saliva from pleasure and pushed Pierre, but Pierra wanted to speak. He moved forward, feeling animate, he himself is not knowing what he himself is still not knowing what he will say. He just opened his mouth to talk like one senator, absolutely without teeth, with a smart and angry face, standing close to the speaker, interrupted Pierre. With the visible habit of leading and keeping questions, he spoke quietly, but heard:
- I suppose the gracious sovereign, - Shamaky toothless mouth, said Senator - that we are designed here not to discuss that more convenient for the state for a moment - a set or militia. We are called to respond to the appeal, which the emperor honored us. And judge what is more convenient - a set or militia, we will provide judge the highest power ...
Pierre suddenly found an outcome to its animation. He fell against the senator who contributes to this correctness and the frequency of views in the upcoming lessons of the nobility. Pierre spoke forward and stopped him. He himself did not know that he would talk, but began to be lively, occasionally breaking down by French words and the book expressing in Russian.
"Excuse me, Your Excellency," he began (Pierre was well acquainted with this senator, but he considered it necessary to contact him officially here, "although I disagree with Mr. ... (Pierre stuffed. He wanted to say Mon Tres Honorable Preopinant), [My durable opponent,] - with Mr. ... Que Je N "Ai Pas L" Honneur de Connaitre; [whom I have no honor to know] But I believe that the estate of the nobility, besides the expression of his sympathy and delight, is also intended to also discuss the measures we can help the Fatherland. I suppose - he said, inspiring, - that the sovereign would be unhappy himself, if he had found in us only the owners of the men, whom we give to him, and ... Chair A Canon [Meat for guns], which we do from yourself, but I would not find in us with ... with ... council.
Many rose from a mug, noting the contemptuous smile of the senator and the fact that Pierre speaks outly; Only Ilya Andreich was pleased with the speech of Pierre, as he was pleased with the speech of a sailor, Senator, and in general, always to the speech, which he heard his last.
- I believe that before discussing these questions, "Pierre continued," we have to ask the sovereign, respectfully ask His Majesty to community, how many troops we have, in what position our troops and army are there, and then ... ...
But Pierre did not have time to finish these words, as from three sides suddenly attacked him. The most acquaintance of everyone was attacked by him, always well-located player in Boston, Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin. Stepan Stepanovich was in the uniform, and, from Mundira Lee, or from other reasons, Pierre saw a completely different person in front of him. Stepan Stepanovich, with suddenly manifested elder angry on his face, shouted on Pierre:
- First, we share that we do not have the right to ask about this sovereign, and secondly, if there would be such a right among the Russian nobility, the sovereign cannot answer us. The troops move according to the movements of the enemy - the troops decrease and arrive ...
Another voice of a person, middle growth, years of forty, whom Pierre in her previous times seek Gypsy and knew for a bad player in the card and who, also changed in the uniform, moved to Pierre, interrupted Apraksin.
"Yes, and not the time to talk," the voice of this nobleman said, "And you need to act: the war in Russia." Our enemy goes to destroy Russia to urge the graves of our fathers to take away wives, children. - The nobleman hit himself in the chest. - We will all stand up, I'll go all around, all for the king father! - He shouted, rolling his blood plowed eyes. Several approving votes were heard from the crowd. - We are Russian and do not regret their blood to protect faith, throne and the Fatherland. And Bedding must be left, if we are the sons of the Fatherland. We will show Europe how Russia rises for Russia, "the nobleman shouted.
Pierre wanted to object, but could not say a word. He felt that the sound of his words, no matter what thought they concluded, was less heard than the sound of the words of a lively nobleman.
Ilya Andreich approved a mug behind behind; Some loyko turned shoulder to the speaker at the end of the phrase and said:
- So, so! This is true!
Pierre wanted to say that he was not away from donations to no money, no men, nor, but what should be aware of the state of affairs to help him, but he could not speak. Many votes shouted and said together, so Ilya Andreich did not have time to nod everyone; And the group increased, decayed, again converged and moved all, hauding talking, to the greater hall, to the big table. Pierre not only could not speak, but he was rudely interrupted, repelled, turned away from him, as from the general enemy. It did not take place that it was dissatisfied with the meaning of his speech, - she was forgotten after a large number of speeches that followed her, but for an animation of the crowd, it was necessary to have a valid subject of love and a valid hatred. Pierre got the last. Many speakers said after a busy nobleman, and everyone spoke in the same tone. Many spoke fine and original.
The publisher of the Russian messenger Glinka, whom they learned ("Writer, writer! - heard in a crowd), said that hell should reflect hell that he saw a child smiling with a brilliance of lightning and with raskats of thunder, but that we will not be this child.
- Yes, yes, when grumbled! - Repeated approvingly in the rear rows.
The crowd went to a large table, who, in the uniforms, in the ribbons, gray, whiskers, were sitting on the seventieth-year-old Velmazby old men, who were almost all, at home with jokes and clubs for Boston, see Pierre. The crowd went to the table, without ceasing to buzz. One after another, and sometimes two together, pressed from behind to the high backs of the chairs that the crowd of the crowd, said speakers. Standing from the back noticed that he did not tell the talking speaker, and hurried to say it missed. Others, in this heat and cramped, shake in their head, there is no thought, and they hurried to speak it. Friends of the Velmazbi's old people were sitting and looked around, then on the other, and the expression of most of them said only that they are very hot. Pierre, however, felt agitated, and the overall feeling of the desire to show that we were all nipple, expressing more in the sounds and expressions of individuals than in the sense of speeches, was reported to him. He did not bother his thoughts, but he felt something to blame for something and wished to justify.
"I only said that it would be more convenient for us to make donations when we would know what the need for, trying to shout out other voices, he said.
One closest old man looked at him, but immediately was distracted by the cry, started on the other side of the table.
- Yes, Moscow will be handed over! She will be a redemption! - I shouted one.
- He is the enemy of mankind! - Screamed another. - Let me talk ... Lord, you press me ...

At this time, fast steps before the crowded crowd of nobles, in the general uniform, with a ribbon over his shoulder, with their tremendous chin and quick eyes, entered the Count Menschin.
"The sovereign emperor will now be," said Mozchatchin, "I have just from there." I suppose that in the position in which we are, there is nothing to judge. The sovereign honored to collect us and merchants, "said Count Crossbachin. - Millions are poured from there (he pointed to the hall of the merchants), and our business to put a militia and do not spare yourself ... it is a smaller thing that we can do!
Meetings began between one venels sitting at the table. All meeting has passed more than quiet. It even seemed sad when, after all the same noise, old voices were heard, who spoke alone: \u200b\u200b"I agree", another for a variety: "And I am the same opinion," and so on.
The Secretary was ordered to write a resolution of the Moscow nobility that Muscovites, like Smolyan, donate for ten people with thousands and complete uniforms. Gentlemen, the meeting stood up, as if lightweight, threatened the chairs and went through the hall to knead her legs, taking someone to her arm and talking.
- Sovereign! Sovereign! - Suddenly spread through the halls, and the whole crowd rushed to the exit.
On a wide move, between the nobility wall, the sovereign was in the hall. At all persons, respectful and frightened curiosity was expressed. Pierre stood rather far and could not quite hear the speech of the sovereign. He understood only that he heard that the sovereign was talking about the danger in which the state was located, and about the hopes that he laid on the Moscow nobility. The sovereign answered another voice that reported on the ruling of the nobility.
- Lord! - said the sovereign's trembling voice; The crowd of Silled and dropped again, and Pierre clearly heard so nicely the human and the touched voice of the sovereign, who said: - I never doubted the diligence of the Russian nobility. But on this day it exceeded my expectations. Thank you on the face of the Fatherland. Gentlemen, we will act - the time is all more expensive ...
The sovereign was silent, the crowd began to be crowded around him, and enthusiastic exclamations were heard from all sides.
- Yes, everything is more expensive ... The royal word, - sobbing, said the voice of Ilya Andreich, who did not hear anything, but he understood everything in his own way.
From the hall of the nobility, the sovereign was held in the hall of the merchants. He stayed there about ten minutes. Pierre among others saw the sovereign coming out of the hall of merchants with tears of lunizing in his eyes. As they learned, the sovereign was just beginning to speech the merchants, as tears splashed from his eyes, and he treated her with a trembling voice. When Pierre saw the sovereign, he went out, accompanied by two merchants. One was a sign of Pierre, a fat sputcher, another - head, with thin, narrow-blooded, yellow face. Both they cried. Slepts stood in tears, but the fat sputcher sobbed like a child, and all told:
- And life and property take your majesty!
Pierre did not feel anything at that moment, except for the desire to show that he was not nipple and that he was ready to sacrifice everything. How his speech was represented with the constitutional direction; He was looking for a chance to rod it. Having learned that the graph of Mamonov sacrifice the regiment, Lyuhov immediately declared the count of the mock, that he gives a thousand people and their content.
The old man Rostov without tears could not tell his wife what was, and immediately agreed to the request of Petit and he himself went to write it down.
The next day the sovereign went. All the woven gathered with the nobles took off the uniforms, they were located on homes and clubs and, poking, gave orders to the manager about the militia, and were surprised that they were made.

Napoleon began the war with Russia because he could not not come to Dresden, he could not not to silence the honors, could not not put on the Polish uniform, not to succumb to the enterprising impression of the June morning, could not refrain from the outbreak of anger in the presence of Kurakin and then Balashev.
Alexander refused to all negotiations because he personally felt offended. Barclay de Tolly tried to best manage the army in order to fulfill his duty and earn the glory of the great commander. Rostov picked up in the attack on the French because he could not resist the desire to slip up on a flat field. And so accurately, due to their personal properties, habits, conditions and goals, all the unimaginable persons acted, the participants of this war. They were afraid, vained, rejoiced, indignant, reasoned, believing that they knew what they were doing, and what they were doing for themselves, and everyone was involuntary tools of history and made a hidden from them, but a job clear for us. Such is the unchanging fate of all practical figures, and nevertheless, the higher they stand in the human hierarchy.
Now the figures of 1812 thong have long come down from their places, their personal interests disappeared without a trace, and some historical results of that time before us.
But suppose that European people should have been, under the leadership of Napoleon, to go deep into Russia and die there, and all the contrinthous herself, meaningless, the cruel activity of people - participants of this war, becomes clear for us.
Providence forced all these people, seeking to achieve their personal goals, to promote the execution of one huge result, which no one (nor Napoleon, nor Alexander, no less than anyone of the participants in the war) did not have the slightest aspiration.
Now we are clear that it was in 1812 meters the cause of the deceased of the French army. No one will argue that the cause of the deceased of the French troops of Napoleon was, on the one hand, the entry of them at the later time without cooking to the winter campaign in the depths of Russia, and on the other hand, the character who took the war from the burning of Russian cities and excitement of hate to the enemy In the Russian people. But not only no one foresaw that (which seems obvious now), which only this way could have to die an eight-volume, the world's best in a collision with a twicest, inexperienced and led by inexperienced commander - the Russian army; Not only no one foresaw this, but all efforts from the Russians were constantly fixed to prevent the fact that one could save Russia, and by the French, despite the experience and the so-called Military Genius of Napoleon, all efforts were directed to To stretch at the end of summer to Moscow, that is, to make something that should have destroyed them.
In historical writings about 1812 meters, the authors of the French love to talk about how Napoleon felt the danger of stretching his line, as he was looking for battles, as the marshals advised him to stay in Smolensk, and bring other similar arguments, proving that then as if understood there was a danger of campaign; And the authors of the Russians even more like to talk about how from the beginning of the campaign there was a plan of the Scythian War of Lanting Napoleon deep into Russia, and attributed this plan to Pful, who is some Frenchman who is who the emperor Alexander, pointing to notes, projects and Letters in which there are really hints on this image of action. But all these hints for the foresight of what happened, both by the French and from the Russians, they are now exhibited only because the event acquitted them. If the event would not have accomplished, then these hints would be forgotten how thousands of thousands and millions of opposing hints and assumptions were now forgotten, which were in the go, but were unfair and therefore forgotten. On the outcome of each event, there are always so many assumptions that, whatever it end, there will always be people who will say: "I still said that it will be so," forgetting at all that among countless assumptions were made and completely opposite.