Losiny Ostrov: biological station, park and forest. What to see here and how to get there? Elk Island National Park: interesting facts, attractions and photos Fgu Elk Island National Park

Moscow, you can often hear a lot of enthusiastic stories. Indeed, sometimes it is striking that among the metropolis there are still islands of greenery, comfort and tranquility. This is very important for the population of large cities, because you still need to rest from the hustle and bustle. Of particular interest is the National Biostation, which is located in the park, and also deserves special attention.

A little about the park itself

Losiny Ostrov is widely known in Russia. Its area is really extensive (about 116 sq. Km), it is located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The park consists of forests, reservoirs and swamps.

Of course, most of it is covered by forests; only 7% of the territory is allocated to water bodies and swamps. The park can be conditionally divided into 3 parts:

• zone under special protection;
• a walking area and places for sports (mainly special routes are laid here, that is, visits are limited);
• recreation area, which you can freely visit.

It is interesting that such a large area consists of several smaller Shchelkovsky, Alekseevsky and Losinopogonny. Within Moscow - Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky.

Lots of people visit Elk Island National Park. The biological station located here is especially attractive for visitors.

History of the park

Now it's worth talking a little about how this unique natural zone was created, and also note the main events in its history. The very first mention of this place dates back to 1406. Initially, the lands were used as hunting grounds for Russian tsars and princes. An interesting fact is known that it was in this area that Tsar Ivan the Terrible hunted bears. For many years there was a reserve regime here.

After quite a long time, the first forestry was organized in this place. It was founded in 1842. The forestry carried out the ordering of the forest and its improvement. Around the same time began, one might say, the man-made creation of the forest. A large number of pines were planted, such plantings were carried out for over 100 years, many trees have survived to the present day.

Biostation in Losiny Ostrov park: overview

As you know, on the territory of a huge national park there is a very unusual object - an elk biological station. The status of a national park presupposes not only environmental and scientific, but also environmental education activities. Within the framework of all these directions, it was decided to open the Losinaya biological station. Now it's worth figuring out what kind of project was created on the territory of Losiny Ostrov park.

The biological station is a special area where moose are kept. The purpose of organizing such a territory is to rescue lost moose calves, provide assistance and feed them, as well as dilute the local population with individuals brought from other places.

The Elk biological station in the Losiny Ostrov National Park already boasts many achievements. To enrich the animal population, three moose calves from the Kostroma moose farm were brought here. Here they were carefully looked after, raised, and after a while they were released. In order not to lose the moose, they were put on special collars, with the help of which it was possible to track their movements. Every year the animals bore offspring. This practice is carried out here periodically.

Why visit this place?

Many people tend to visit Elk Island National Park. The biostation is no exception, there are always visitors here. Here you can see really unusual things. It is especially interesting to look at the process of interaction and communication of animals with each other. They make unusual sounds, this is really a little where you can hear it. The workers of the biological station have learned to reproduce such sound effects, because it is very important in contact with animals.

Such a trip will be especially informative for children. Seeing animals up close will be really interesting for the younger generation, it will arouse interest in the study of biology.

How to get there: several options for the path

So, you should definitely go to such a wonderful place as the biological station (Losiny Ostrov). How to get to the park? This question arises for many. You can get here both by car and by several types of public transport.

The first option is by any bus following to the region (from You need to get to the first stop after the Moscow Ring Road before turning to the village of Druzhba. Then you need to go to the forest, then turn left (you will see a checkpoint with a barrier), then go straight when the road will begin to diverge - keep to the left.

The second option - from the railway station "Los" there is a bus №547, or from the station "Perlovskaya" - a bus or minibus №3, they reach the final stop near the forest.

The third option is to take a private car along the Yaroslavskoe highway to the turn to the village of Druzhba.

In ancient times, the forests northeast of Moscow were a favorite place for the royal chase and falconry. The first sovereign of All Russia, Ivan the Terrible, loved to go bear hunting here. A little later, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich on these lands set up the "Sovereign's Trap Route" - a hunting farm with a special, reserved and protected status. It was forbidden for mere mortals to catch animals and birds, cut trees, pick berries, and build houses.

And at a time when in other forests near Moscow there were almost no animals left, moose were still found in these places. This fact partly explains the wonderful name "Losiny Ostrov". Why - an island? It's just that in the old days this was the name of the forests located between villages and fields, besides, Losiny Ostrov was surrounded by a deep moat filled with water.

The territory of Losiny Ostrov remained tsarist possessions until the revolution, even the Yaroslavl railway line laid nearby in 1860 did not violate the natural balance of the reserve, and all the diversity of flora and fauna was preserved.

In 1842, when the territory of the park was slightly more than 6 thousand hectares, the foundation was laid for organized forestry. All work here began to be carried out according to the rules of "forest science".

Forest audits carried out in the period 1842-1912 led to the division of Losiny Ostrov into 4 parts:

• a park;
• suburban village;
• reserve;
• operating area.

The Losiny Ostrov State National Park received its status only in 1983 and has preserved it to this day, remaining the most valuable natural monument.

Today it is divided into three zones:

1. Reserved, where nature is preserved intact. It is a habitat for rare wild animals and birds, therefore, it is not only closed to the public, but also protected;

2. educational and excursion, through which several ecological and tourist routes are laid, which can be passed with a guide. There are 4 visitor centers here;

3. Recreational, serving as a place of mass recreation.

Losiny Ostrov stretches from Sokolniki Park to the cities of Balashikha, Shchelkovo, Korolev and Mytishchi, occupying 12 thousand hectares, only two-thirds of which are located outside the Moscow Ring Road. It is only 8 km from the Kremlin to the southwestern border of the park. Its length from north to south is 10 km, and from west to east - as much as 22 km.

In the very center of Losiny Ostrov, not far from Mytishchi, there is a swamp; it is from here that the Yauza River originates, the floodplain of which is often flooded. In addition to the Yauza, many rivulets and streams flow through the reserve, forming a whole water network. Once upon a time, canals with a total length of more than 100 km were laid here. Many of them are now abandoned.

Even in the pre-war years, the largest was built - the Akulov canal, connecting the Volga with the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers. It serves to supply the Volga water to the capital.

Even in the most difficult war years, trees were planted on Losiny Ostrov. Many enthusiasts have worked here - foresters and landscape designers, who have put a lot of effort into preserving and enhancing the natural wealth of this reserve.

The modern flora of Losiny Ostrov includes:

• more than 700 plant species;
• 90 types of mushrooms;
• 36 types of lichens;
• 150 types of algae.

Here you can find plants listed in the Russian and Moscow Red Book.

Losiny Ostrov is a real pearl of Russian nature. Here are preserved centuries-old pine and lime forests, oak forests and taiga spruce forests. Pines growing in the famous Alekseevskaya ship grove, which are neither more nor less than 250 years old, amaze the imagination and impress with their beauty!

The herbaceous cover of the national park is made up of forest forest, buttercup anemone, lungwort, goose onion, two-leaved mine, zelenchuk, sedge, and wintergreen. There are also many berries: lingonberries, blueberries, oxalis, strawberries.

The fauna of the park is also very diverse. More than 280 species of animals and birds are found in Losiny Ostrov, including:

• 180 species of birds;
• 40 species of mammals;
• 4 types of reptiles;
• 8 types of amphibians;
• more than 20 species of freshwater fish.

As in the old days, moose live here.

In the post-war years, sika deer were brought to the park, the beaver population was completely restored, and wild boars bred.

Fur-bearing animals also live in the reserve - mink, ermine, marten, black ferret.

At night, bats are circling over the forest, and their eternal enemies are owls.

Due to a significant forest area and long-term limitation of forestry activities, the Losiny Ostrov National Park remains one of the richest and most interesting forests in the Moscow Region against the backdrop of the urban panorama of the multimillion city in terms of the richness of flora and fauna.

The Losiny Ostrov natural park is the only national reserve in Russia, which is located within the metropolis, just 15 kilometers from the Kremlin.

A bit of history

The territory on which the Losiny Ostrov park is located today once belonged to the palace Taininskaya volost. Ivan the Terrible also loved to arrange hunting in these places. The park got its name "Losiny Ostrov" during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, who also loved hunting and used to set hounds on elk here.

Already at the beginning of the 18th century, a forest guard was organized here. On large areas, deforestation, drainage of swamps, and construction of roads were carried out. Work was carried out on the laying of coniferous trees. Shortly before the revolution, they wanted to turn Losiny Ostrov into a national park. The plans were not realized - the World War began. Losiny Ostrov Park was able to acquire this status only in 1983.

general information

Today this territory, 90% consisting of forests, occupies 116 square meters. kilometers. It includes three zones:

1. Specially guarded. The area is 54 sq. km. The area is closed to the public.
2. For sports and walks, 31 sq. km.
3. The recreation area is 31 sq. km. and borders on the residential areas of the capital.

And the Yauza originates here. More than three ponds add a pleasant variety to Losiny Ostrov. The national park has a significant area of ​​marshland. The flat relief prevails here. The Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge determines the north- and south-western wind rose over the forest.

Vegetable world

More than 60% of the vegetation is represented by deciduous trees, of which oak prevails. There are also birch groves. Linden is common. The rest of the forest is represented by pine, spruce and larch trees. Alekseevskaya grove, located in the complex, is more than 250 years old. Some of the pines in this grove are over 200 years old. The unique trees were preserved thanks to the protected regime. The grove is rightfully considered unique and adorns the Losiny Ostrov.

The park pleases visitors with an abundance of herbaceous plants. Lilies of the valley, bells, fuchs, marsh dremlik and many others grow here. At the same time, there are no flora representatives on the territory of the reserve, which are included in the Red Book of Russia.

Animal world

More than 40 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 14 species of reptiles and amphibians inhabit Elk Island.

The park has become a haven for moose and wild boars, martens, hares and many others. The brown hare lives in the swampy meadows, the population of which is steadily declining due to the reduction of the range and the urban factor. More than 15 species of fish live in the waters of the Yauza.

Rest zone

There are always vacationers in the recreational part of the park, especially from the nearest residential areas. In the middle of the forest, you can find numerous benches for relaxation, a meadow with a children's playground and a place for sports.

Sports equipment in the park can be rented. Excellent multi-kilometer trails attract cyclists, skaters and joggers to Losiny Ostrov. The National Park is a unique hiking destination. Here you can wander into the same one that is described in Russian fairy tales.

There is also a stable. Horse-riding enthusiasts adore Elk Island. The park is just made for leisurely horseback riding.

Walking along the trails, you can feed the squirrels. There are many animals here, and he is not afraid of people - he is ready to take food from his hand.

Winter gives the reserve a special charm. Skiing in untouched forest and the freshest air make this a popular destination even in the winter cold. Ice skating enthusiasts can satisfy their impulse on the frozen mirror of one of the reservoirs.

The sanitary maintenance service of the reserve daily removes more than 2.5 hectares of the recreational zone from various rubbish, dead wood. Also, it is necessary to eliminate the consequences of illegal picnics and spontaneous dump sites. More attention is paid to places of greatest congestion - playgrounds, reservoirs, popular walking routes. No matter how hard the sanitary services try, their work is not diminished. The situation can only change with an improvement in the quality of the cultural education of citizens.

sights

In the estate of the forestry of the reserve there is a cultural and educational center "Russian life". The expositions on display tell about the life of the Slavic people in the period of the 19th - 20th centuries. There is a large collection of clay folk toys.

There are also archaeological artifacts found during excavations of burial mounds from the times of the Vyatichi. The place where these burials were discovered in 1989 was the Losiny Ostrov park. Photos of some of the items on display are presented below.

There is an elk station next to the huntsman's site. Here you can not only see moose or wild boars - you can communicate with animals and feed them from your hands. Just walking in the park, it is problematic to meet a moose. He is a very sensitive animal and, at the slightest noise, moves into the depths of the protected area.

Elk Island. Losiny Ostrov, national park, northeast of Moscow (partly within the administrative boundaries of the city). The area is 11 thousand hectares. Founded in 1983. Coniferous deciduous forests of spruce and linden prevail with the participation of oak, maple, on ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

The first national park in Russia in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. St. 11 thousand hectares. The protected grove has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible Tsar. From the 17th century. the territory of the park was intensively used; from the 19th century ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Elk Island, the first national park in Russia, in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. Pl. St. 11 thousand hectares. The protected grove has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible Tsar. From the 17th century. the territory of the park is intensive ... ... Russian history

Losiny Ostrov National Park IUCN Category II (National Park) Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia

The first national park in Russia (created in 1983). It is located in the north-east of Moscow and its forest-park protective belt, it starts from the Sokolniki forest park, 8 km from the Kremlin and continues beyond the Moscow Ring Road to Mytishchi, Korolev (former Kaliningrad), ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

The first national park in Russia, in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. It was formed in 1983. The area is over 11 thousand hectares. Protected from the time of Ivan IV the Terrible "Tsar's reserved grove". Since the 17th century. the territory of the park is intensive ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Elk Island- Sp Losinyj Òstrovas Ap Losinyy Ostrov L nac. parkas RF Maskvos sr ... Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

Elk Island- Los other island (natural area in Moscow) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Nat. park on the territory of Moscow and Moscow region. Organized in 1983 on pl. 11 816 ha, of which approx. 9 600 (81%) are covered by forests. In the south and west, it adjoins residential quarters and industrial zones. The territory is crossed by automobiles (Moscow ring road, etc. Geographical encyclopedia

Losiny Ostrov is the first national park in Russia, located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The largest forest area in Moscow and the largest among the forests located within the city (Moscow part). View of a part of Elk Island ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Losiny Island, Borodin Vasily. Vasily Borodin (b. 1982) - poet, artist. Graduated from the Moscow State Evening Metallurgical Institute. Works as an editor, illustrates poetry and prose. The author of the books of poetry "Ray. ...
• Elk Island, Vasily Borodin. Lyrics by V. Borodin - an experiment, a study of the phenomenon of comparison. The author's attention is drawn to alliterations and very precise, even tautological rhymes precisely because ...